AISLAMIENTO DE HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL GRANO DE CAFÉ PROVENIENTES DE ZONAS PRODUCTORAS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER - COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Angela P. Cajiao
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

El comercio del café es uno de los renglones económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, sin embargo, también es susceptible a contaminaciones desde su cosecha hasta su transformación. Para la realización de este estudio se recolectaron muestras de café cereza procedentes de diferentes municipios productores de Norte de Santander y posteriormente en el laboratorio se aislaron y caracterizaron fenotípicamente los siguientes agentes fúngicos del grano de café: Aspergillus  spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium  spp., Mucor spp. y  Rhizopus spp. con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Los hongos que presentaron una alta incidencia fueron Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. Entre las tres variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en el café cereza (pH, actividad de agua, % de humedad) se puede afirmar con certeza que la actividad de agua y el porcentaje de humedad influyen directamente en el número y tipo de aislamientos fúngicos obtenidos. 

scholarly journals Avaliação da micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em cascas de amendoim em diferentes estágios de maturação da vagem

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlayne Gonçalez ◽  
Tiago Noel de Souza ◽  
Maria Helena Rossi ◽  
Joana D'arc Felicio ◽  
Benedito Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Penicillium Spp

As cascas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) são de grande importância para confecção de cama de frangos, de gado de leite e como fonte de fibras para ruminantes, portanto a elucidação dos mecanismos de contaminação por fungos toxigênicos e por micotoxinas em amendoim é imprescindível, especialmente para que medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas. Realizou-se, este trabalho, em Junqueirópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os principais fungos isolados nas cascas de amendoim foram Fusarium ssp. (78,75 %), Rhizopus ssp. (14,1 %) e A. flavus (11,75 %). No solo foram isolados Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. e Aspergillus flavus, entre outros. Aflatoxinas foram detectadas em amostras de cascas de amendoim a partir do estágio de granação em concentrações que variaram de 5,42 μg/kg a 218,52 μg/kg. Ácido ciclopiazônico e fumonisinas B1 e B2 não foram detectadas. A presença de A. flavus e aflatoxinas nas amostras, revela a importância de um controle das cascas de amendoim antes de sua utilização. Boas práticas agrícolas são indicadas para região, uma vez que a contaminação das vagens ocorreu antes da colheita.

scholarly journals TESTE DE SANIDADE E GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
Clair Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar patógenos, analisar diferentes tratamentos de sementes e substratos para germinação de sementes de Cabralea canjerana e ainda indicar instruções para realização de teste laboratoriais de germinação da espécie. Primeiramente, foi avaliado o teor de umidade e determinado o peso de mil sementes. Para avaliar os patógenos associados às sementes, foi realizado o teste de sanidade com diferentes tratamentos de sementes: T1 – Testemunha; T2 – Captan®; T3 – Maxim®; T4 – Hipoclorito de sódio; e T5 – Agrotrich Plus®. O teste de germinação foi realizado em esquema fatorial com cinco tratamentos das sementes e três substratos (sobre papel mata-borrão, vermiculita e areia). As sementes apresentaram teor de umidade e peso de mil sementes, respectivamente, de 41,2% e 457,3 g. Os principais gêneros de fungos associados às sementes de Cabralea canjerana foram: Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium spp., Pestalotia spp. e Phomopsis spp. O tratamento das sementes com Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp., porém, somente os dois últimos permitem evidenciar o maior potencial de germinação das sementes, independentemente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento das sementes com os produtos Captan®, Maxim® e hipoclorito de sódio mostraram-se eficientes na redução da incidência de Penicillium spp. em sementes de Cabralea canjerana, porém, somente os dois últimos proporcionaram maior potencial de germinação independente do substrato utilizado. O tratamento com Agrotrich Plus® apresentou a menor porcentagem de germinação e aumento da incidência de Fusarium spp. Indica-se para o teste de germinação das sementes de Cabralea canjerana assepsia com hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 2’ e substrato de semeio sobre vermiculita, sendo que a primeira contagem pode ser realizada aos 19 dias e a contagem final aos 30 dias após a instalação do teste.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária de sementes de coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata) no Norte de Minas Gerais

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2371-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélida Mara Magalhães ◽  
Hugo César Rodrigues Moreira Catão ◽  
Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales ◽  
Norma Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Nascimento Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata Mart. Becc.) é uma palmeira nativa dos cerrados brasileiros e seus frutos são fonte de alimento para seres humanos e animais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar e quantificar os microorganismos nas sementes dessa espécie, utilizando análises "blotter test" e meio Batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA). Amostras foram colhidas em Abóboras, distrito de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (MG) e, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, as sementes com e sem endocarpo foram analisadas pelo "blotter test" e BDA, empregando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com 10 repetições. Essas sementes apresentaram microflora diversificada e a retirada do endocarpo não interferiu na análise microbiológica do coquinho-azedo. Mais espécies de microorganismos foram recuperadas na análise no meio BDA, com predominância de fungos Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp., independentemente da análise. Portanto, a maior parte da microflora identificada nesse trabalho foi fúngica e o melhor teste foi o crescimento em BDA.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastic Degrading Potential of Fungal Isolates from an Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Janet Olufunmilayo Williams ◽  
Nosayame Thomas Osahon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The potential of fungi as bio degraders of micro plastic particles was assessed using standard microbiological and Fourier transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis methods. The highest mean Total Heterotrophic fungal (THF) count of 4.24x104 cfu/ml was obtained with the least THF (2.72x104 cfu/ml) recorded during the dry season. Mean hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungal (HUF) count was highest (1.78x104 cfu/ml) during the wet period while the least HUF count (1.46x104 cfu/ml) was recorded during the dry period. Spectra of FTIR showed that the water contained microplastic particles in these proportions; polyethylene of low density (LDPE) 0.01%, 0.11% protein, 0.15% polystyrene, 0.37% polyamide, 1.14% cellulose, 1.21% polyurethane, 1.90% polyvinyl chloride, 3.11% polyester and 92% polypropylene, respectively. Species of fungi identified were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus nidulans, Fusarium spp., Microsporum canis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among the fungal isolates, A. niger and A. fumigatus were most active in degrading the micro plastic (polypropylene) with mean % weight loss of 71.09% and 53.09%, respectively while the least active was Penicillium spp. with a mean % weight loss of 28.64% during the study period. The order of degradation was Aspergillus niger > A. fumigatus > A. nidulans > Fusarium spp. > Rhizopus spp. > Microsporum canis > Mucor spp. > Penicillium spp. The potential to degrade micro plastic particles by these fungi can be harnessed. The foremost active fungi degrading potentials are as follows: A. niger (71.1%) and A. fumigatus (53.1%). The study has shown that isolates of fungi from Ohiakwu River in Nigeria possess the ability to degrade micro plastic (polypropylene) particles. Therefore, this research is of tremendous importance for industrial development and additionally for future research purposes.

scholarly journals Seed health of common bean stored at constant moisture and temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Gonçalves Francisco ◽  
Roberto Usberti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Fungal incidence in stored common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main concern in order to preserve seed health and viability. The main aim of this study was to analyse these quality parameters in hermetically stored seeds at 10.2, 13.1, 16.2, 18.5% moisture content (MC) and 25, 30, 35, 40°C, through seed germination and health tests. Water activity recorded at 10.2 and 18.5% MC were 0.448 and 0.700, respectively. Low seed moisture content reduced Alternaria spp. incidence at 25-30°C. Highest incidence of Fusarium spp. (7.5%) occurred at 16.2% MC and 35-40°C. Highest incidences of Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) were recorded at 16.2-18.5% MC and 30-40°C. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were predominant throughout the experiment and the highest incidences (80-100%; 20-30%, respectively) were scored at 18.5% MC and 30-35°C and 13.1-18.5% MC at 35°C, respectively. The higher the seed MC the higher the fungi incidence while lower seed MC decreased the incidences by 25%. Storage conditions below 30°C and 13.0% MC appear suitable to preserve common bean seed in relation to viability and health, up to a 8-month period.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC SANITARY ESTIMATION OF MAIZE SILAGE IN DAIRY FARMS IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita JOVAIŠIENĖ ◽  
Bronius BAKUTIS ◽  
Violeta BALIUKONIENĖ ◽  
Audrius KAČERGIUS ◽  
Algimantas PAŠKEVIČIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The aim of this study was to estimate maize silage hygienic sanitary parameters, contamination with mycotoxins in dairy farms in Lithuania. In 2011–2012 maize silage samples were collected from 20 dairy farms: prior to ensiling and 3 and 8 months after ensiling. In maize samples, prior to ensiling, L. monocytogenes was detected 25.0 % and after 3 months of ensiling – 10 %. Average of yeast and filamentous fungi in raw material samples were respectively – 71.39 ± 32.17 and 47.67 ± 18.31 CFU/g, after 3 months – 50.06 ± 16.09 CFU/g and 28.27 ± 13.18, after 8 months – 213.81 ± 55.98 and 215.08 ± 56.16 CFU/g. In raw maize dominated Fusarium spp. and in silage – Aspergillus, Penicillium spp. Average of lactic acid bacteria – 189.01 ± 57.79 (3 months after ensilage) and 436.11 ± 93.97 CFU/g (8 months after ensilage). Compared prior to ensilage and 3 and 8 months after ensilage maize samples, higher mycotoxins concentrations of DON – 36.96 % (P < 0.05) and ZEA – 77.32 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 3 month after ensilage, T-2 toxin – 72.69 % (P < 0.05), AFL – 94.31 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 8 month after ensilage. Concentration of OTA was higher 34.99 % (P > 0.05) in samples after 3 months of ensiling. Dry matter and pH respectively: prior to ensiling – 36.96 % and 5.26, 3 months after ensiling – 33.17 % and 3.84, 8 months after ensiling – 40.52 % and 3.91. The current results indicate the presence of yeast, viable fungi spores and mycotoxins AFL (total), ZEA, DON, T-2 and OTA contamination in maize silage in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Avaliação das comunidades fúngicas encontradas em amostras de solo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Fabíola Dresch ◽  
Daiane Flores Dalla Lana ◽  
Mônica Jachetti Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

No solo os microrganismos possuem diversas funções, sendo responsáveis por inúmeras reações bioquímicas, não só relacionados com a transformação da matéria-orgânica, mas também com o intemperismo das rochas, desempenhando papel importantíssimo na gênese do solo. Decompõem a matéria-orgânica, realizam a ciclagem de nutrientes e de energia, interferindo no crescimento de plantas. Produzem compostos complexos que agregam o solo, fazem a decomposição de xenobióticos, atuando na biorremediação de poluentes e de agrotóxicos, na formação de associações micorrízicas, na fixação biológica do nitrogênio, no controle de pragas, e, além disso tudo, causam doenças. O conhecimento dos microrganismos do solo é fundamental para o levantamento taxonômico das populações que estão ali, podendo levar ao descobrimento de processos metabólicos utilizados por estes organismos, tornando-se importantes para as interações ambientais e aplicações biotecnológicas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, por meio de pesquisas já publicadas, a diversidade de fungos presentes em diferentes tipos de solo, avaliando a influência das características do solo sobre as comunidades fúngicas. Os solos analisados variaram de amostras urbanas a solos de áreas nativas, argilosos, arenosos ou orgânicos (compostagem). Quanto aos microrganismos, os gêneros citados com mais frequência nos estudos foram Penicillium spp., seguido de Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp., e Verticillium spp. Concluiu-se que grande parte dos microrganismos mencionados nos trabalhos já são ou podem ser utilizados para fins biotecnológicos, sendo fontes de diversas enzimas e produtores de compostos importantes. Aspectos generalistas referentes à umidade, à temperatura, à posição e à composição orgânica do solo mostraram influenciar no desenvolvimento dos fungos, nos quais solos mais úmidos, superficiais e como maior oferta de material orgânico aumentam a presença e o crescimento destes indivíduos.

Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from surgical centers, intensive care units, and materials sterilization center in hospitals. Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from critical hospital areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Mayk Teles de Oliveira ◽  
Nathany Kelly Ribeiro Batista ◽  
Eric de Souza Gil ◽  
Maria do Rosário Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Abstract The hospital environment requires special attention to air quality, since it needs to be healthy for the protection of patients and health professionals in order to prevent them against hospital infections. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the susceptibility profile of isolated fungi from two hospitals. For air sampling the impaction (Spin Air, IUL®) and passive sedimentation methods were used. For the isolation of fungi from surfaces, contact plates (RODAC®) were used. The identification of the fungi was performed by observing the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the colonies, whereas for better visualization of fruiting structures, the microculture technique was performed on slides. To evaluate the susceptibility profile, the broth microdilution test recommended by CLSI was performed. Thirty-five isolates were identified: Aspergillus flavus (12), Aspergillus fumigatus (11), Aspergillus niger (1), Aspergillus terreus (2), Penicillium spp. (7), and Fusarium spp. (2) in the hospitals evaluated. All isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) more than 128 μg/ml for fluconazole; 0.5 to 4.0 μg/ml for amphotericin B (hospital 1), and all isolates from haospital 2 had MIC ≥2.0 μg/ml. In hospital 1, MIC for posaconazole ranged from 0.25 μg/ml to ≥32 μg/ml, and hospital 2 ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/ml. The monitoring and evaluation of air quality and surfaces are essential measures for prevention and control of hospital infections, as these microorganisms are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents, thus making treatment difficult, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

The impact of mycotoxins on dairy cow health and milk production

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
В.Г. Косолапова ◽  
М.М. Халифа ◽  
Х.Г. Ишмуратов
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Main Task ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Toxin Concentration ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penicillium Spp

В статье представлены материалы о влиянии микотоксинов на здоровье и продуктивность молочного скота. В настоящее время наибольшую опасность для здоровья животных представляют яды микроскопических грибов — микотоксины, что требует разработки методов их устранения по всей цепочке — от поля до потребителя. Известно, что споры грибов, продуцирующих токсины, живут в почве и оттуда передаются растениям, а затем зёрнам. Микотоксины — это вторичные метаболиты грибов, такие как афлатоксины (AF), продуцируемые видами Aspergillus, фумонизины (FUM), зеараленон (ZEN), токсин T-2 (T-2) дезоксиниваленол (DON), продуцируемый видами Fusarium, охратоксин A (OTA), продуцируемый видами Penicillium, и многие другие. Потребление кормов, загрязнённых этими токсинами, вызывает у животных микотоксикозы, которые характеризуются рядом клинических признаков в зависимости от вида токсинов. У животных снижается продуктивность и поедаемость кормов, увеличивается восприимчивость к различным заболеваниям. Существует две формы микотоксикозов: острые микотоксикозы, возникающие из-за потребления высокой разовой дозы микотоксинов, и хронические микотоксикозы из-за постоянного потребления низких уровней микотоксинов в течение продолжительного времени. Хронический токсикоз, вызванный низким уровнем воздействия микотоксинов в течение продолжительного времени, представляет собой более распространённую проблему для здоровья животных и качества пищевых продуктов для людей. В целом объёмистые корма и зерновые компоненты, входящие в состав рациона, подвержены загрязнению афлатоксинами на всех этапах производства кормов, таких как сбор, транспортировка, хранение, переработка и упаковка. В последнее время учёные стали уделять больше внимания загрязнению кормов микотоксинами и механизмам борьбы с разными группами токсинов. Основной задачей при производстве кормов является снижение концентрации токсинов на всех этапах — от поля до рациона животных. This article focuses on the effect of mycotoxins on dairy cow health and productivity. To this day toxins produced by various fungi are one of the most serious dangers for cattle. It is known that spores usually contaminate plant and later grain material from soil. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins (AF) produced by Aspergillus spp., fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium spp., ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by Penicillium spp., and many others. Toxin-contaminated forage causes mycotoxicoses of different severity depending on toxin type. Livestock shows low productivity and appetite but high susceptibility to diseases There are two types of mycotoxicoses: acute mycotoxicoses, caused by high concentration of toxins and the chronic ones, occurring due to constant long consumption of low toxin levels. Chronic toxicosis is a more common problem for animal health and food quality. Bulk and grain feed are highly affected by aflatoxins at such production stages as harvesting, transporting, storage, processing and packaging. Lately scientists drew more attention to toxin contamination issue and methods controlling their accumulation. The main task when producing forage is to reduce toxin concentration at all the production stages.

Dry bean seed quality in Honduras

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Luis Del Río ◽  
Paul Hepperly ◽  
James Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Low germination and high levels of fungal infections were found in seed of June plantings of dry beans in Honduras, Fusarium equiseti (12-62% incidence) was the dominant internally seedborne fungus of that season. October plantings showed fewer (P = 0.05) seed infections and less discoloration.  Fusarium semitectum (7 to 21%) was the dominant seed microorganism. Stored seed (December to June) lost about 50% of its vigor and size without losing germination (89%). Bacillus licheniformis, with up to 37% incidence, was the dominant seed storage microorganism. Storage microorganisms included Aspergillus spp., other Bacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Chaetomium spp., Mucor spp., and Flavobacterium spp. Fusarium spp. varied in their recovery after storage. Fusarium semitectum was eliminated in storage, whereas F. equiseti increased. Levels of Fusarium spp., in recently harvested seed, and Bacillus and Aspergillus spp., in stored seed, were excellent indicators of seed quality losses in the field and storage in Honduras. Germination data alone was not a good indicator of seed quality because low vigor seed had excellent germination.

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