scholarly journals Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
John Rowsell ◽  
Keh Ming Ho ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Dawn T. Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Grain Contamination

The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from <1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented <2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg‑1, which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg‑1.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Assays to Investigate Fusarium Dry Rot in Potato Stocks and Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cullen ◽  
I. K. Toth ◽  
Y. Pitkin ◽  
N. Boonham ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Final Harvest

Specific and sensitive quantitative diagnostics, based on real-time (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were developed to detect dry-rot-causing Fusarium spp. (F. avenaceum, F. coeruleum, F. culmorum, and F. sulphureum). Each assay detected Fusarium spp. on potato seed stocks with equal efficiency. Four potato stocks, sampled over two seed generations from Scottish stores, were contaminated with F. avenaceum, F. sulphureum, F. culmorum, F. coeruleum or a combination of species, and there was a general trend towards increased Fusarium spp. contamination in the second generation of seed sampled. F. sulphureum and F. coeruleum caused significantly (P < 0.05) more disease in storage than the other species when disease-free tubers of potato cvs. Spunta and Morene were inoculated at a range of inoculum concentrations (0, 104, 105, and 106 conidia/ml). Increased DNA levels were correlated with increased disease severity between 8 and 12 weeks of storage. The threshold inoculum levels resulting in significant disease development on both cultivars were estimated to be 104 conidia/ml for F. sulphureum and 105 conidia/ml for F. coeruleum. To study the effect of soil infestation and harvest date on disease incidence, seed tubers of cvs. Morene and Spunta were planted in a field plot artificially infested with the four Fusarium spp. F. culmorum and F. sulphureum were detected in soil taken from these plots at harvest, and F. sulphureum DNA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the final harvest. All four Fusarium spp. were detected in progeny tubers. There was a trend toward higher levels of F. culmorum detected in progeny tubers at the earliest harvest date, and higher levels of F. sulphureum at the final harvest. The use of diagnostic assays to detect fungal storage rot pathogens and implications for disease control strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals Identificação e quantificação de fungos associados a sementes de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Eduardo Loureiro da Silva ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Rosane Fátima Baldiga Tonin ◽  
Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽  
Aveline Avozani
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Penicillium Sp

O trabalho teve como objetivos, identificar e quantificar os fungos associados a sementes de azevém, comparar a incidência em diferentes meios de cultura, e determinar o número de escleródios de Claviceps purpurea presentes em amostras de sementes. Foram analisadas 37 amostras de sementes de azevém provenientes de municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. As sementes foram plaqueadas em três meios de cultura: BDA, semi-seletivo de Reis e semi-seletivo de Segalin & Reis, analisando-se a incidência dos fungos. Para detecção de C. purpurea, foram pesados 100g de sementes por amostra e, através de exame visual, foi determinado o número de escleródios. Os fungos detectados foram Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Drechslera spp., D. siccans, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium sp. A incidência de A. alternata variou de 0,0% a 33,7% e freqüência de 89,2% nas amostras analisadas. Para B. sorokiniana a incidência foi de 0,0% a 2,2% e frequência de 62,2%, Drechslera spp., apresentou incidência de 0,0% a 40,3% e frequência de 78,4%. D. siccans a incidência foi de 0,1% a 20,0% e frequência de 100%.Para Fusarium spp., e F. graminearum a incidência foi de 0,0% a 31,0% e 0,0% a 11,3% e frequência de 81,1% e 64,9%, de 0,0% a 43,7% de incidência e 94,6% de frequência para Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium sp. com incidência entre 0,0% a 51,7% e frequência de 91,9%, respectivamente. O fungo C. purpurea foi encontrado em 81,1% das amostras em estudo.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fusarium Graminearum Inoculation on Winter Wheat at ARDS Turda,

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Amin Said SARDAR Amin Said SARDAR
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Precise Data

Fusarium  Head Blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the world’s wheat growing areas, especially in humid and semihumid regions. More precise data relating the effects of FHB on yield have been obtained using inoculated trials. The situation is totally changed by inoculation with Fusarium. Because this disease affected wheat in flowering stage, number of grain/spike is strongly diminished. It can be observed the behavior of Turda 95 and Dumbrava varieties created at ARDS Turda which lose less number of grain than other cultivars.

Effects of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and Delayed Harvest on Soybeans

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
James M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Date ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The effect of delayed harvest was investigated with two soybean cultivars that were grown weed free or in competition with johnsongrass or hemp sesbania over a 3-yr period. Johnsongrass reduced the yield of early-maturing ‘Hill’ soybean 32, 35, and 36% when harvested at an average of 1, 2, or 3 wk after maturity, when compared to weed-free yields of 2490, 2430, and 2270 kg ha−1, respectively. Late-maturing ‘Lee 68’ yields were reduced 27, 29, and 39% on three harvest dates compared to weed-free yields of 2570, 2310, and 2200 kg ha−1, respectively. Seed grades of both cultivars improved with delayed harvest, but this was offset when johnsongrass was present. Hemp sesbania reduced yields of Hill 23% on the first harvest date and 26% on the second and third dates. Yields of Lee 68 were reduced 16, 22, and 28% by hemp sesbania on three successive harvest dates. The value of soybean yields adjusted for excessive foreign material, moisture, and damaged kernels was decreased by delayed harvest when hemp sesbania was present in Lee 68 and when johnsongrass was present in both cultivars.

scholarly journals Influence of sweet corn harvest date on kernels quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Puncture Force ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Sweet corn has a very short period of optimum harvest maturity, and its quality changes rapidly close to and following the peak. The aim of this study was to determine the sweet corn quality on the ground of some physicochemical properties of intact kernels (moisture content, compression, shear and puncture force, bulk density, sugar and starch contents) and cut kernels (processing recovery, cut corn yield) at four subsequent harvest dates. The moisture content, sugars level, and ear yield decreased. The starch level, bulk density (intact and cut kernels), compression force, shear force and puncture force, processing recovery and cut corn yield increased. The first harvest date showed a greater advantage in the higher sweet corn quality for processing than the following harvest date. The moisture decreased from 77.41% to 69.83% with delayed harvest date. A decline was observed of sweet corn quality (increase of force in compression, shear and puncture tests, raise in the starch level). However, the following harvest date had an advantage in a higher processing recovery and cut corn yield.

Biological Control of Fusarium Head Blight of What Caused by Fusarium Graminearum and Fusarium spp. of Section Sporotrichiella

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-764
Author(s):  
G. V. Kalko ◽  
L. A. Nasarovskaya ◽  
I. I. Novikova ◽  
I. V. Boikova ◽  
V. G. Ivashenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp

scholarly journals Predicting individual phenological phases in peaches using meteorological data

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Litschmann ◽  
I. Oukropec ◽  
B. Křižan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Marketing Data ◽  
Phenological Phases ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The submitted work deals with the relation between the sum of active temperatures above 7°C and important phenological phases in peach tree cultivation. The aim of the paper is to provide information for growers, especially regarding anticipated harvest dates, which is important for marketing. Data has been compiled for the period 1998–2007 for the variety Catherine, grown in the locality of Velké Bílovice in the Czech Republic. A relationship between the sum of active temperatures above 7°C from the beginning of the year up to the start of blossoming has been identified, and a model determining the harvest date on the basis of the sum of active temperatures in the periods of 30 days and 60 days after blossoming has been tested.

Fall harvest management for irrigated alfalfa in southern Saskatchewan

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191
Author(s):  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Harvest Dates

Three trials were conducted under irrigation at Swift Current, Saskatchewan to examine the interaction of fall harvest date and alfalfa cultivar. The treatments were five fall harvest dates, 15 Aug., 1 Sept., 15 Sept., 30 Sept. (two harvests per season) and 15 Aug. + 15 Oct. (three harvests per season), on three or four alfalfa cultivars. Trials were seeded on irrigated alluvial clay loam soil in 1979, 1981 and 1987. Low-temperature injury occurred in 1982, 1985, and 1989 in these three experiments, respectively. In Trial I, the effect of fall harvest date on stand and yield loss was greatest for the least winterhardy cultivar, Anchor, and least for the most winterhardy cultivar, Rambler. Forage yield recovered the year after injury, in spite of an apparent permanent reduction in stand density. In Trial II, low temperature injury was extensive in all treatments and the cultivar × date interaction was not significant. In Trial III, Anchor alfalfa harvested on 15 Oct. exhibited the lowest percent survival and shoot density. Heinrichs and Rambler were less affected by winterkill at all dates than Anchor but did exhibit severe yield reduction when harvested three times per season compared to two times. Anchor exhibited greater stand loss and lower first harvest forage yield in 1989 for both treatments that were cut on Oct. 15. There was no significant fall harvest date effect among the four two-harvest regimes in this trial. The observed date effect was due to the three-harvest regime compared to the rest. A fourth experiment was located at Outlook, Saskatchewan, where alfalfa, cv. Beaver, was harvested on 19 Sept., 24 Sept., 2 Oct. and 10 Oct. in 1989. Low-temperature injury was evident in 1990. First harvest forage yield in 1990 was significantly reduced for the third harvest dates compared to two harvests per season. These results do not provide categorical evidence of a "critical fall harvest period" for these two sites. The low-temperature tolerance of the cultivar determines to a large extent its sensitivity to fall harvest management.Key words: Medicago sativa L., winter survival, autumn management

Barley response to seed placement and herbicide timing

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O’Donovan ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
T. Kelly Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Seed Placement

A field experiment was conducted at Lacombe and Beaverlodge, AB, and Melfort, SK, in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate the effect of seed placement and herbicide application timing on productivity of a general purpose (AC Lacombe) and hull-less (Falcon) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Barley plant density was often less and dockage greater when seed was spread in a 20-cm band with 28-cm sweeps spaced 23 cm apart compared to seeding in distinct rows with hoe openers spaced 23 or 30 cm apart. Method of seed placement had little effect on barley grain yield or yield was significantly lower with the sweep compared to the distinct rows. Herbicide application timing effects were variable for barley grain yield. Grain yield was often greater and dockage less when herbicides were applied at the one- to two- or three- to four-leaf stage of barley compared to the five- to six-leaf stage. Method of seed placement did not influence barley responses to time of herbicide application with either cultivar. Barley silage yield was mainly higher with the distinct 23-cm row spacing than with the other seed placement methods. Herbicide application timing did not affect silage yield. Key words: Hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), row spacing, seed-bed utilization, silage, sweep, hoe openers

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