scholarly journals Assistência fisioterapêutica em prematuros com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório: uma revisão de literatura

Scire Salutis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Simone Amancio Teles ◽  
Marineth Ferreira de Carvalho Teixeira ◽  
Daniela Maristane Vieira Lopes Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório (SDR) é um distúrbio que acomete principalmente os recém-nascidos prematuros pela imaturidade pulmonar, resultante da deficiência ou inativação do surfactante. O surfactante é uma substância lipoprotéica produzida pelas células pneumócitos tipo II e armazenado nos corpos lamelares para, posteriormente, ser liberado no espaço alveolar, sintetizado a partir da 20º semana de gestação, com pico de produção por volta da 35º semana. A função do surfactante é diminuir a tensão superficial dos alvéolos, evitando o colabamento na expiração. Quanto menor a idade gestacional de nascimento, maior o risco de desenvolver a SDR. A prematuridade e a imaturidade do sistema respiratório levam à maior necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo, oxigenioterapia, assistência fisioterapêutica e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. A fisioterapia respiratória tem papel importante na manutenção da permeabilidade das vias aéreas, prevenção de complicações respiratórias, promoção da higiene brônquica, otimização da reexpansão pulmonar, posicionamento adequado e vigilância nos ajustes dos parâmetros da ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva. Este estudo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica para identificar as estratégias terapêuticas respiratórias utilizadas pelo fisioterapeuta na assistência ao recém-nascido prematuro com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório. Para este fim, fizemos um levantamento de artigos científicos em bases de dados eletrônicos como SciELO, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e PubMed, através dos cognatos ‘Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório’, ‘prematuros’, ‘unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal’, ‘fisioterapia’ e ‘ventilação mecânica’, e seus correlatos em inglês ‘Respiratory Distress Syndrome’, ‘premature infants’, ‘neonatal intensive care unit’, e ‘physical therapy and mechanical ventilation’. A assistência fisioterapêutica a neonatos prematuros com SDR na UTIN é imprescindível para o sucesso da terapêutica e melhora progressiva da função pulmonar até a alta. O fisioterapeuta deve exercer um plano de tratamento integral e humanizado indo desde o ajuste ventilatório invasivo e não invasivo a execução de manobras terapêuticas, posicionamento e cuidados com a ocorrência de sequelas como hemorragia intraperiventricular e displasia broncopulmonar que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e qualidade de vida após alta hospitalar.

scholarly journals Síndrome de Dificuldade Respiratória Aguda: Casuística de Dois Anos numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Taborda ◽  
Filipa Barros ◽  
Vitor Fonseca ◽  
Manuel Irimia ◽  
Ramiro Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
The Mean

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome has a significant incidence and mortality at Intensive Care Units. Therefore, more studies are necessary in order to develop new effective therapeutic strategies. The authors have proposed themselves to characterize Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit for 2 years.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This was an observational retrospective study of the patients filling the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome criteria from the American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, being excluded those non invasively ventilated. Demographic data, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiology, comorbidities, Gravity Indices, PaO2/FiO2, ventilator modalities and programmation, pulmonary compliance, days of invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids use, rescue therapies, complications, days at<br />Intensive Care Unit and obits were searched for and were submitted to statistic description and analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A 40 patients sample was obtained, with a median age of 72.5 years (interquartile range = 22) and a female:male ratio of ≈1:1.86. Fifty five percent of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome cases had pulmonary etiology. The mean minimal PaO2/FiO2 was 88mmHg (CI 95%: 78.5–97.6). The mean maximal applied PEEP was 12.4 cmH2O (Standard Deviation 4.12) and the mean maximal used tidal volume was 8.2 mL/ Kg ideal body weight (CI 95%: 7.7–8.6). The median invasive mechanical ventilation days was 10. Forty seven and one half percent of the patients had been administered corticosteroids and 52.5% had been submitted to recruitment maneuvers. The most frequent complication was Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (20%). The median Intensive Care Unit stay was 10.7 days (interquartile range 10.85). The fatality rate was 60%. The probability of the favorable outcome ‘non-death in Intensive Care Unit’ was 4.4x superior for patients who were administered corticosteroids and 11x superior for patients &lt; 65 years old.<br /><strong>Discussion and Conclusions:</strong> Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is associated with long hospitalization and significant mortality. New prospective studies will be necessary to endorse the potential benefit of steroid therapy and to identify the subgroups of patients that warrant its use.

Veno-venous extracorporeal life support for blastomycosis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome

Perfusion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 660-670
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Fares ◽  
Eddy Fan ◽  
Shahid Husain ◽  
Matteo Di Nardo ◽  
Marcelo Cypel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support

Background: Blastomyces is a dimorphic fungus endemic to regions of North America, which can lead to pneumonia and fatal severe acute respiratory diseases syndrome in up to 89% of patients. Extracorporeal life support can provide adequate oxygenation while allowing the lungs to rest and heal, which might be an ideal therapy in this patient group, although long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are not known. Clinical features: We report on five consecutive patients admitted to Toronto General Hospital intensive care unit between January 2012 and September 2016, with progressive respiratory failure requiring veno-venous extracorporeal life support within 24-96 hours following mechanical ventilation. Ultra-lung protective mechanical ventilation was achieved within 24 hours. Recovery was the initial goal in all patients. Extracorporeal life support was provided for a prolonged period (up to 49 days), and four patients were successfully discharged from the intensive care unit. Long-term radiological assessment in three patients showed major improvement within 2 years of follow-up with some persistent disease-related changes (bronchiectasis, fibrosis, and cystic changes). In two patients, long-term functional and neuropsychological outcomes showed similar limitations to what is seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients who are not supported with extracorporeal life support and in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients without blastomycosis, but worse pulmonary function outcomes in the form of obstructive and restrictive changes that correlated with the radiological imaging. Conclusion: Veno-venous extracorporeal life support can effectively provide prolonged support for patients with blastomycosis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome that is safe and associated with favorable long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals The Time to Initiate Trophic Feeding and Its Predictors Among Preterm Neonate Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Multicenter Study, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Adimasu ◽  
Yilikal Tafere ◽  
Teodros Eshetie ◽  
Bekalu Endalew ◽  
Ermias Abebaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Trophic Feeding

Abstract Background: Trophic feeding is a small volume, hypo-caloric feeding, gut priming or minimal enteral feeding acclimate the immature gut of enteral fasting preterm neonates. Delayed starting of trophic feeding had resulted in short and long-term physical and neurological sequels. The current study aimed to assess time to initiate trophic feeding and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Debre Markos, Felege Hiwot, and Tibebe Ghion comprehensive specialized hospitals.Methods: An institutional-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 210 neonates. The data were collected with interview and chart review, entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to Stata 14.1 for analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to identify predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding. Result: A total of 210 neonates were followed for 10136 person-hours of risk time and 191 (90.95%) of neonates were started trophic feeding. The overall incidence of starting trophic feeding was 2 per 100 (95% CI: 2, 2.2) person-hours observations. The median survival time was 42 hours (95% CI: 36, 48). APGAR- score at first minute <7 (AHR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.82), gestational age of <34 weeks (AHR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.5, 0.94), presence of respiratory distress syndrome (AHR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.68), presence of hemodynamic instability (AHR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.57), presence of perinatal asphyxia (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89), cesarean section delivery (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 89) and being delivered within the study hospitals (AHR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) were found to be statistically significant predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding.Conclusion: There was a significant delay to initiate trophic feeding in the studied hospitals. Gestational age of below 34 weeks, APGAR-score of less than seven, out-born delivery, cesarean delivery, presence of respiratory distress syndrome; perinatal asphyxia, and hemodynamic instability were predictors of delay in starting of trophic feeding. Standardized feeding guideline has to be implemented to overcome delays in enteral feeding initiation.

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