scholarly journals El Gambrinus Halle (1894), un café-cervecería a la última moda en el centro de Florencia

Imafronte ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mónica Vázquez Astorga
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Class Society

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio del Gambrinus Halle de Florencia (Italia), que fue inaugurado el 29 de noviembre de 1894. Los críticos de la época acogieron con grandes elogios su apertura y destacaron la elegancia de su instalación y sus amplias dimensiones conseguidas gracias al empleo de nuevos materiales y técnicas de construcción. De hecho, fue uno de los cafés-cervecerías más grandes de Europa. Fue fundado por Spirito Giamello en la recién creada piazza Vittorio Emanuele II (actual piazza della Repubblica), que se convirtió en el «salón urbano» preferido para la sociedad burguesa florentina. Este establecimiento, al igual que otros emplazados en este espacio, fue importante como lugar de encuentro y reunión de relevantes personalidades, principalmente de la actualidad artística. Estuvo en funcionamiento hasta comienzos de la década de los veinte de la pasada centuria, momento en el que sus locales fueron destinados a sala cinematográfica y que ahora acogen un Hard Rock café. Con este texto se pretende contribuir al conocimiento y valoración de este centro que fue instituido para rendir culto al legendario Gambrinus. This work focuses on the study of the Gambrinus Halle, which opened in Florence, Italy, on 29 November 1894. The critics of the time praised the opening and emphasised the elegance and spaciousness of the premises, resulting from the use of new building materials and techniques. In fact, the establishment was one of the biggest cafés-beer houses in Europe. The Gambrinus Halle was founded by Spirito Giamello in the newly built piazza Vittorio Emanuele II (nowadays piazza della Repubblica), which became the favourite “urban hall” of the middle-class society of Florence. As other establishments located in the area, it was a major meeting point for relevant figures, specially artists. It remained in business until the 1920s, when its halls were turned into a cinema, and it now houses a Hard Rock café. This work aims at making this establishment, founded to praise the legendary Gambrinus, better known and appreciated.

Living Democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-254
Author(s):  
Martin Conway
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Post War ◽  
Class Divisions ◽  
Second World

This chapter focuses on the consumption of democracy. What happened in the roughly twenty-five-year period from the end of the Second World War to the late 1960s is perhaps best regarded as a process of gradual acculturation. At different speeds and by different paths, a large majority of Western Europeans came to feel at home in democracy, and began to practise democracy for themselves. However, the new democracies were more equal in their formal structures than in their social reality. The reassertion of boundaries of race, gender, sexuality, and age, after the more fluid and often chaotic experiences of the war years, was reinforced by the evolving but persistent inequalities of social class. Western Europe emphatically remained a class society after 1945. The rapid economic growth that occurred during the post-war years generated new forms of affluence, but these were distributed in ways that reinforced pre-existing class divisions. In particular, the post-war years witnessed a resurgence in the fortunes of the middle class. Whether assessed in terms of its material prosperity, its influence within and over government, or its wider social and cultural ascendancy, the middle class was the dominant social class of the post-war era.

Never Happier in Her Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Allison Dorothy Fredette
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Ethic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Border Culture ◽  
Poor White

This chapter explores the lives of working-class and poor white women of the border South. Their story reveals the potential of border culture—how it gave a voice and agency to women whose stories could be more easily suppressed in a less fluid community. The border created fertile ground for ideas of mutuality and individualism. While this led many to pursue friendship, love, and partnership in their relationships, elite and middle-class husbands and wives of the border South still often adhered to a social ethic which dictated certain gendered behaviors to men and women. In working-class society, however, these philosophies gave women a greater sense of independence and authority, allowing them to push the boundaries of the household and assert themselves in new ways.

The Myth of the Middle-Class Society

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Buhle
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Class Society

Europeanization through Privatization and Pluralization in Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åttila Ågh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
State Party ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
Class Society ◽  
European Working ◽  
Latin Americanization ◽  
Party State

ABSTRACTAnalytically, privatization and pluralization may be treated as separate economic and political phenomena, but in the actual conditions of a post-Communist society they are integrally related to the development of a middle-class society that was absent due to ‘deprivatization’ in a one-party state. The creation of a society of plural interests and private enterprise represents a shift from Sovietization to Europeanization. However, the process is extremely difficult, for there are many paradoxes in the logic of privatization. In addition, issues of ownership – past as well as future – are major political battlefields. Political strategies of privatization include a grand coalition; a new state-party; Latin-Americanization; creating a broad entrepreneurial class and/or a European working class; and a wide coalition. These complexities are examined with particular reference to the experience of contemporary Hungary.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Penjualan Keramik Private Label Dan Memenangkan Kompetisi Pada Pt.Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa,Tbk (Mitra10)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Dan Chairy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
High Profit ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Catch Up

Recently, the development of building materials supermarket business is growing fast and rapidly, this can be seen from the rapid growth of the Indonesia’s economy. One of the building materials supermarket in Indonesia is Mitra10. Mitra10 has 27 stores spread across Indonesia but unfortunately Mitra10's sales still can’t catch up its competitor, Depo Bangunan. Depo Bangunan only has 8 stores in Indonesia so Mitra10 must analyze the internal, external and industrial environments related to building materials supermarket business then analyze it using CP Matrix. Depo Bangunan is considered as a market leader in building and materials field so Mitra10 must conduct an offensive strategy by using a frontal attack on price, people, rapid delivery and customer service by using a private label so that Mitra10's private label will be increasingly known and at the same time subsidize high profit margins and logistic costs. The use of this strategy is applied to segment A which is considered as a warzone in a place that intersect with Depo Bangunan, with an undifferentiated strategy and applying positioning on private label products that are divided based on high end class, middle class and low class. The implementation of STP is assisted by a marketing mix where the price given in the warzone area is a local brand price that is equated with the price at Depo Bangunan and the private label price is given lower than the local brand in the Depo Bangunan or Mitra10 then the product will follow motives in Depo Bangunan that sell quickly so that the assortment and variety of products will increase, the expansion of Mitra10 will be faster and at last, the convenience of consumers when shopping also have to be considered so that consumers will be more loyal to Mitra10.

scholarly journals MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN SEKOLAH KELAS MENENGAH MUSLIM DI YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Machali
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Organizational Theories

AbstractSchool principal is the important key in leading Islamic educational institutions to improve and develop to be chosen by Islamic middle-class society as a place to educate their children. This research aimed to observe the leadership model of Islamic Senior High School Principal in Yogyakarta in improving, developing, and preserving the quality of Islamic educational institutions to be chosen by Islamic middle-class society in Yogyakarta. The results in this research explained that the leadership model in Islamic Senior High School is transformational leadership. This leadership model is established through two abilities possessed. First ability is knowledgeable, which means that a school principal is knowledgeable about the organizational theories, the organizational culture, the strategic management, the leadership, and other managerial knowledges.  The wider knowledge and perspective a school principal has, the more open, flexible, inclusive, and open-minded the school principal is, to be able to manage a new knowledge. Second ability is experience, which is something that someone has encountered, undergone, endured, and borne. Experience is highly related with the ability and the will to continuously learn. The more opportunity to learn, the more experience will be achieved. The combination of knowledge and experience will establish a transformational leadership. Abstrak Kepala sekolah menjadi faktor kunci dalam membawa peningkatan dan perkembangan lembaga pendidikan Islam, sehiangga menjadi pilihan masyarakat kelas menengah Muslim untuk menyekolahkan pura putrinya. Penelitian bertujuan melihat bagaimana model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah kelas menengah muslim Yogyakarta dalam upaya meningkatkan, mengembangkan dan menjaga mutu lembaga pendidikan Islam sehingga menjadi sekolah pilihan masyarakat kelas menengah muslim di Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model kepemimpinan sekolah kelas menengah muslim adalah kepemimpinan transformasional. Model kepemimpinan ini terbentuk melalui dua kemampuan yang dimiliki yaitu, pertama, penguasaan pengetahuan (knowledge) seperti teori-teori organisasi, budaya organisasi, manajemen strategic, kepemimpinan, dan pengatahuan managerial lainnya. Semakin luas pengetahuan dan wawasan seseorang pemimpin, maka semakin terbuka, fleksibel, inklusif, mudah menerima masukan (open minded), dan mampu mengolahnya menjadi pengetahuan baru. Kedua adalah pengalamannya. Pengalaman adalah sesuatu yang pernah dialami, dijalani, dirasakan, ditanggung. Pengalaman sangat berhubungan dengan kemampuan dan kesediaan untuk terus belajar. Semakin banyak belajar, maka semakin banyak pula pengalaman yang akan didapat. Penggabungan antara pengetahuan dan pengelaman inilah yang akan membentuk kepemimpinan transformasional.

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