scholarly journals El Principio de Activación en el Pensamiento Computacional, las Matemáticas y el STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Zapata ◽  
Ellen Jameson ◽  
Miguel Zapata Ros ◽  
David Merrill

El presente número monográfico de RED se convocó con el título La educación en Matemáticas, Pensamiento Computacional y STEM apoyada por la tecnología digital. Su diseño instruccional. El principio de activación. En este artículo los autores queremos hacer la presentación del número haciendo énfasis en el principio de activación como fundamento teórico del pensamiento computacional y de la educación matemática y de STEM Hay numerosas destrezas y conceptos, propios de Pensamiento Computacional, Matemáticas y STEM, que son necesarios como base para los estudios de grado. Frecuentemente estos conceptos y procedimientos no constan de forma explícita en el currículo de los niveles anteriores a la universidad o, constando, no se garantizado su dominio. En estos casos no podemos esperar que aparezcan de forma espontánea, en el mismo momento en que se necesitan para los contenidos de grado o de secundaria superior. Es necesaria una sólida base cognitiva para que puedan ser evocados. El presente número monográfico está convocado con el objetivo de dar oportunidad de difundir investigaciones y casos que parcial o totalmente tengan como referencia esas ideas. E investiguen si efectivamente el uso del principio de activación (Merrill, 2002; 2020 revised edition) convenientemente utilizado en un diseño instruccional adecuado, con métodos, actividades y recursos, consigue una mejora en la calidad de los resultados de aprendizaje cuando lo aprendido en las etapas anteriores es evocado y reactivado convenientemente en los estudios de grado. La conclusión de todo él es que debe potenciarse una pedagogía que establezca valores en estas ideas y principios para las primeras etapas educativas. El principio de activación es pues clave para tenerlo en cuenta cuando se diseña la educación infantil y el primer ciclo de primaria, teniendo en el horizonte los aprendizajes futuros, incluidos los de STEM. This monographic issue of RED was convened with the title Education in Mathematics, Computational Thinking and STEM supported by digital technology. Its instructional design focus is the activation principle. In this article, the authors present the current issue, describe the activation principle as an important theoretical foundation of instructional design for computational thinking and mathematics and STEM Education, and introduce subsequent papers. There are numerous skills and concepts, specific to Computational Thinking, Mathematics and STEM, that are necessary as a basis for undergraduate studies. Often these concepts and procedures do not appear explicitly in the primary and secondary school curriuclum. Or, if they do appear, there is no guarantee students will have mastered them by graduation. We cannot expect these skills to appear spontaneously, at the very moment they are needed. A solid cognitive foundation is necessary for them to be activated. This special issue is presented with the aim of disseminating investigations and cases that partially or totally engage with these ideas. This can aid investigation of whether the effective use of the activation principle (Merrill, 2002; revised edition 2020), when used in an adequate instructional design, with methods, activites and resources, contributes to an improvement in the quality of learning results when what is learned in the previous stages is activated and reactivated sufficiently in undergraduate studies, and whether a pedagogy that establishes the value of these ideas and principles from the earliest educational stages should be promoted in order to prepare students for learning on the horizon, including STEM.

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Petra Golja ◽  
Tatjana Robič

Abstract Objective: Exercise is a recognised means for improving quality of life. In general, students perform less sports activity than previous generations. In contrast, however, children’s participation in competitive sports has increased. The present study therefore aimed to assess how many students participate in sports clubs, how active in sports student (non)members are, and what actual effect sports clubs have on enabling sufficient sports activity. Methods: Students (N=213) in the first year of university studies (19-20 years) were recruited for a study approved by the Slovenian Ethics Committee. They answered a questionnaire on their sports club membership and on their sports activity during organised sports training and/or in their free time. Results were statistically analysed and compared to our previous results obtained from primary and secondary school children (1). Results: Only 16% of students participate in sports clubs, which is less (p<0.001) than in primary and secondary school children. The average (SD) sports activity of student sports-club members is 11.7 (6.8) h/week, with students non-members being significantly (p<0.001) less active with 4.6 (3.0) h/week. Participation in sports clubs is lower (p<0.001) in female (15%) than in male (21%) students, which is similar to children. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that sports clubs in Slovenia are important for promoting sufficient sports activity. Namely, most of the student members participate in sports activity more than the recommended 1 h/day and are more than two times more active than their peers. Females, however, participate less often in sports clubs, which calls for further attention.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Dudareva ◽  
◽  
Dace Namsone ◽  
Liga Cakane ◽  
◽  
...  

The implementation of key competences in primary and secondary school education demanded the changes in the Science teaching practice in Latvia. The first research was initiated during the piloting the new curriculum in science and mathematics (2009 – 2011). Lesson observations were the main source of answers to the research: what ICT tools are used by teachers and students in science subjects? What information it gives to us for teachers CPD? Key words: lesson observation, ICT, teachers CPD needs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA JAKUBCZAK-CHODŹKO

Contemporary tasks and imposed requirements in the area of education are focused on improving the efficiency and quality of teaching, including counteracting the disturbing phenomena of the “day of liquid modernity” [1, p. 15–29]. The teacher's person is perceived subjectively, from the perspective of the contractor of professional assumptions. The dynamics of educational processes and progressive civilization changes forces us to meet the emerging expectations of educational policy. The look of many leading educators, among others Jan Władysław Dawid, Zygmunt Mysłakowski, Wincenty Okoń, Maria Grzegorzewska, Czesław Banach for personality traits of the teacher has gone to oblivion to give way to schematic and mass teaching. Increasingly, attention is paid to how? and not who? teaches. Studies in the field of psychology and pedagogy pose a question; What should the teacher be like? Using the following article, in which I will base myself on empirical research, I want to answer a completely different aspect, what kind of teacher would the students want?


2014 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 1370-1373
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Wei ◽  
Le Xing Qiu

So far, the research on instructional design theory has been influenced by behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism, forming a variety of researchs on positioning and orientation. In the aspect of teaching, theory of instructional design has not played the proper role. This paper analyzes the application status of theoretical ability of instructional design and instructional design of primary and secondary school teachers, and put forward some countermeasures for solving the current problems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Khan S. Khan

Drawing from psychological and sociological fields, this study examines how teachers transform subject con-tent for student learning in a classroom situation. Research on understanding teaching has downplayed the framing of macro-regulative contexts in shaping teachers’ thinking and thereby pedagogy. Vygotsky [75; 76] brought to focus the teacher’s role in mediating learning in classrooms through the use of psychological tools but could not fully, in his lifespan, attend to the sociocultural contexts that impact those who work within them. To address this gap, the study draws on the educational sociologist Bernstein’s social theory [9; 10] which states that the ways in which institutions regulate the social relations within them impact the pedagogic practices in these contexts. A qualitative multicase study was applied and involved several English and mathematics secondary school teach-ers from Oxfordshire, England. The cross-case analysis reveals a connection between the micro-processes of teach-ing and learning and macro regulative discourse; demonstrates that teachers’ pedagogic decisions are influenced by their reflections on their institutional culture within which and using which they work; and reveals an interplay of several processes in the ways in which teachers mediate and shape the quality of their students’ learning.


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