Dry Matter Yield Response to Seeding Rate and Row Spacing in Direct-seeded and Double-harvested Forage Rice

SummaryIn a 3-year experiment on a sward of S. 23 perennial ryegrass 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer ranging from 0 to 897 kg/ha were applied annually on plots cut three, five or ten times per year. The cutting dates within each frequency were decided on the basis of herbage growth stage. Four-parameter exponential curves fitted to the herbage yield data show that the pattern of response to nitrogen application in the five cuts per year treatment was markedly similar to that reported for a previous experiment (Reid, 1970). Alterations in the cutting frequency affected the pattern of dry-matter yield response to nitrogen, but not that of crude-protein yield response. The combined effects of cutting frequency and nitrogen rate are illustrated by response surfaces fitted to the dry-matter yield results using an extension of the equation for the curves fitted to the individual frequency results. These surfaces show that as the number of cuts per year was increased the total yield and the response to nitrogen decreased, but the response was maintained to an increasingly high nitrogen rate. The practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to intensive grazing managements for dairy cows.

Download Full-text

YIELD RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO ROW SPACING AND RATES OF SEEDING AND N-FERTILIZATION IN INTERIOR ALASKA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-006 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. E. LEWIS ◽

C. W. KNIGHT

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Yield Response ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Interior Alaska ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

High Precipitation

The effects of row spacings, seeding rates, and N-fertilization rates on yield of Candle, a cultivar of Brassica campestris L., were studied for 2 yr in interior Alaska. Rows were spaced at 18 and 36 cm. Seeding rates were 3, 7 and 13 kg ha−1. Fertilizer N was broadcast at 0, 55, 90, 125, 160 and 195 kg ha−1. Seed yield was not significantly affected by row spacing in either year of the study. Seeding rate did not significantly affect yield in 1978. In 1979, however, an interaction was detected between seeding rate and N-fertilization rate. During this year of abnormally high precipitation, when no N was applied, stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1 produced higher yields than those seeded at higher rates. With an initial N application of 55 kg ha−1, yields decreased from stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1, while yields from those seeded at 7 and 13 kg ha−1 increased. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on yield in both 1978 and 1979. Regression equations from both years (with the exception of that for the 3 kg ha−1 seeding rate in 1979) predicted maximum yields from N applications between 89 and 105 kg ha−1.Key words: Rapeseed, row spacing, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization, yield

Download Full-text

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056434 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Reid

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Yield Response ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Meadow Fescue ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Yield Data ◽

Wide Range ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

Download Full-text

Effects of row spacing and planting density of forage sorghum on dry matter yield, morphologic parameters, nutritive value, and predicted milk yield of dairy cows

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e36101119374

Author(s):

Magno Daniel Porfirio ◽

Marcela Abbado Neres ◽

Claudia Anete Fuhr ◽

Thiago Henrique da Silva ◽

Iuli Caetano da Silva Brandão Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Planting Density ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Whole Plant

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different row spacings and planting populations on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and predicted milk yield of BRS 658 forage sorghum hybrid growing in Brazilian conditions. A late relative maturity forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; 110 d-115d to soft dough stage; BRS 658 – Embrapa] was planted at 3 row spacing (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) and at 3 planting population (50 x 103, 100 x 103, and 150 x 103 plants.ha-1). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, using 4 replicate plots per row spacing x plant population combination. At harvest, weights of whole-plant sorghum forage were obtained to calculate DM yields. Chemical composition was assessed by performing wet chemistry analysis. Plant height, stem diameter, and harvest were performed 110 days after sowing (DAS). Estimated milk yield per unit of forage and per hectare were calculated using Milk2006. Summative equations were used to predict TDN and NEL. Yield of wet and DM forage sorghum exhibited a negative quadratic response as row spacing increased, reaching the maximum yield response at row spacing of 1.23m and 1.22m, respectively. In addition, negative linear effect was detected for both wet and DM sorghum forage yield as planting density increased. Regarding agronomic measurements, sorghum height exhibited a negative linear pattern as plant density increased. Otherwise, stem diameter increased as planting density increased. Whole-plant sorghum forage DM content decreased linearly with increasing planting density. Conversely, ashes increased linearly as planting density increased. Neutral detergent insoluble protein exhibited a positive quadratic effect with increasing planting density, reaching the minimum value when planting density was 104.2 x 103 plants.ha-1. Finally, a negative quadratic effect for predicted milk yield per hectare was also observed with increasing row spacing, whereas the maximum milk yield per hectare value was detected when row spacing was 1.20m. In conclusion, taking into account a subtropical climate, the ideal row spacing and planting density recommendation for a high yield and nutritional quality sorghum forage are 1.2 m and 104 x 103 plants.ha-1, respectively.

Download Full-text

Preliminary experiments on the growth of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) for paper pulp production in the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9780097 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (90) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

IM Wood

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ground Level ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Paper Pulp ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Above Ground Level ◽

Pulp Production

The results of agronomic studies with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown for paper pulp production in the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia, are described. There were two experiments: one with cv. C2032 in which growth of the crop was studied at four seeding rates, two row spacings and four times of sowing, and a second in which the growth of cv. Guatemala -4 was followed at two times of sowing. It was demonstrated that year-round growth could be sustained with irrigation. A peak dry-matter yield of 25.6 tonnes ha-1 was achieved after 240 days from a July sowing of Guatemala -4. The yields of stem material from cv. C2032 increased as seeding rate was increased from 5 to 20 kg ha-1. Dry matter yields were higher with a narrow row spacing than with a wide row spacing; total dry matter production from crops sown on 1.5 m beds grown with 5 rows spaced 20 cm apart was 17 per cent higher than from single rows sown on 1 m ridges. The effect of row spacing was mainly in the yield of tops and foliage and there was no significant effect on stem yields. Data are given of the uptake of essential nutrients by kenaf crops. which illustrate the large quantities of nutrients removed by the crop. Ratooning of kenaf is shown to be possible provided it is cut at least 10 cm above ground level. The percentage of plants recovering after cutting increased as the height of cut was increased from 10 cm to 30 cm above ground level.

Download Full-text

The effect of herbicides, anhydrous ammonia and seed ing rate on winter production of oats sod-sown into grass dominant pasture

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9660388 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 6 (23) ◽

pp. 388 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RL Colman

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

New South ◽

Early Spring ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Anhydrous Ammonia ◽

South Wales

A factorial field experiment, comparing three rates of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia, two seeding rates of oats, and the presence or absence of a herbicide applied to grass pastures before sod-seeding, was conducted at Kyogle, New South Wales in 1964. Plots were sown in mid-autumn and harvested in winter and early spring. Increased applications of nitrogen and the higher seeding rate increased both dry matter yield and total nitrogen content. Application of herbicide significantly increased yield at the low rates of nitrogen but not at the highest rate. Anhydrous ammonia at 120 lb of nitrogen an acre had no effect on the germination of oats seed and provided adequate nitrogen for growth of oats without the need for herbicide application or cultivation of the grass pasture. The results suggest that oats can be successfully sod-seeded into grass dominant pastures by using 120 lb of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia and four bushels of oats an acre.

Download Full-text