AERODYNAMIC OPTIMISATION OF DEVELOPED LAND SUSTAINABLE TOWER ISLAND

Economic and usable benefits from the proper land development may be programmed as early as at the stage of designing by forming structures that are both economic and comfortable, which is in accordance with assumptions of architechnology. This work presents the method of calculating particular aerodynamic parameters of the urban complex Sustainable Tower Island in KobylnicaLigowiec. The article analyses the wind speed and its pressure on walls of buildings depending on the height above ground level. Knowing these parameters allows optimisation of the location of devices collecting energy from renewable energy sources.

Air Corridors: Concept, Design, Simulation, and Rules of Engagement

Air corridors are an integral part of the advanced air mobility infrastructure. They are the virtual highways in the sky for the transportation of people and cargo in a controlled airspace at an altitude of around 1000 ft. to 2000 ft. above ground level. These corridors will be utilized by (unmanned) air taxis, which will be deployed in rural and metropolitan regions to carry passengers and freight, as well as air ambulances, which will be deployed to offer first responder services such as 911 emergencies. This paper presents fundamental insights into the design of air corridors with high operational efficiency as well as zero collisions. It begins with the definitions of air cube, skylane or track, intersection, vertiport, gate, and air corridor. Then a multi-layered air corridor model is proposed. Traffic at intersections is analyzed in detail with examples of vehicles turning in different directions. The concept of capacity of an air corridor is introduced along with the nature of distribution of locations of vehicles in the air corridor and collision probability inside the corridor are discussed. Finally, results of traffic flow simulations are presented.

Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) growth performance on different types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan

To achieve its national goals in climate and landscape resilience, including bioenergy production, the Government of Indonesia has launched an initiative to restore 14 million hectares of degraded land, including 2 million hectares of peatlands, by 2030. Here we present early findings on tamanu adaptability and tree growth (height, diameter and branches) on two types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan. The paper reports peatland type and tamanu tree growth and adaptability in a 3-ha plantation trial plot over three years and a 2-ha plot over two years in Kalampangan and Buntoi villages. Results show survival rates of 82% in the plot on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan and 81% on topogenous peat in Buntoi. Furthermore, the growth performance of 2-year-old tamanu trees on topogenous peat in Buntoi with an average height of 1.74 m and diameter of 3.97 cm at 5 cm above ground level and 15 branches was better than on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan with an average height of 0.68 m and diameter of 1.43 cm at 5cm above ground level and five branches. While initial survival and tree growth results are promising, further monitoring of flowering and fruiting is necessary to determine tamanu’s viability for biodiesel production on degraded peatlands.

JENIS MAKANAN DAN KETINGGIAN TENGGERAN BURUNG MAKAN DI KEBUN RAYA BANUA BANJARBARU, INDONESIA

There was no data available on the type of food and the height of the perch for birds to eat that food at the Banua Botanical Garden, Banjarbaru. The research aimed to identify the type of bird food and determine the perch height where birds eat. Data were collected from three types of habitat, namely open land, mixed vegetation, and acacia vegetation. Through the survey and point count with a maximum radius of 50 m at 07.00-10.00 and 16.00‒18.30 for 3 replications, birds were observed and the occurrences ―when a certain bird species ate a certain type of food at a certain perch height above ground level― was calculated. Types of food were grouped into fruit, grains, nectar, insects, fish, and others. The height of the perch was divided into three classes, namely Class A (0 - <5 m from ground level), Class B (5 - <10 m), and Class C (10 - <15 m). There are 315 occurrences carried out by 24 bird species (19 families). The most common occurrence is birds eating fruit and grains. The most common perch height where birds do so is Class A.Tidak tersedia data tentang jenis makanan dan ketinggian tenggeran burung memakan makanan itu di Kebun Raya Banua, Banjarbaru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis makanan burung dan menentukan ketinggian tenggeran yang sering digunakan oleh burung ketika memakan jenis makanan itu. Data dikumpulkan dari tiga tipe habitat, yaitu lahan terbuka, vegetasi campuran, dan vegetasi akasia. Melalui metode survei dan lingkaran hitung beradius maksimal 50 m pada jam 07.00‒10.00 dan 16.00‒18.30 selama 3 ulangan, burung diamati dan kejadian bahwa spesies burung tertentu memakan jenis makanan tertentu pada ketinggian tenggeran tertentu dari permukaan tanah― dihitung. Jenis makanan dikelompokkan dalam buah, bulir, nectar, insekta, ikan, dan lainnya. Ketinggian tenggeran dibagi dalam tiga kelas, yaitu Kelas A (0 ‒ <5 m dari permukaan tanah), Kelas B (5 - <10 m), dan Kelas C (10 - <15 m). Tercatat 315 kejadian dilakukan oleh 24 spesies (19 famili) burung. Kejadian yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah burung memakan buah dan bulir. Ketinggian tenggeran yang paling banyak ditemukan saat burung melakukan itu adalah Kelas A.

STUDI PERTAMBAHAN PANJANG SULUR LIANA BERDAU LEBAR (Merremia peltata) DI AREAL KAMPUS POLITEKNIK PERTANIAN NEGERI SAMARINDA

The purpose of this research is to find out the increase in the length of long Liana Broad-leavedtendrils ( Merremia Peltata) in the Area of Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic Campus. Theresearch was conducted for 2 months in the area Campus of Agricultural Polytechnic StateSamarinda which includes preparation and marking activities of selected liana, making ajir, wrappingliana to stick where to vine, data retrieval, data processing and reporting. The data taken in this studyare: (1) Increase in the length of tendrils Liana Broad-leaved ( Merremia Peltata) that is deliberatelyallowed to creep above the surface of the ground (treatment 1st); (2) increase in the length of tendrilsLiana Broad-leaved ( Merremia Peltata) deliberately bought on stick where to vine (treatment 2nd);dan (3) the number of Liana twists on each stick where to vine.Sampling is done intentionally(purposive sampling), namely by searching for liana in campus areas that are eligible for use inresearch. The number of samples for lyanas that are deliberately left to creep above ground level anddeliberately wrapped around stick where to vine each 30 individuals. The results of the study are asfollows: (1) the increase in the length of tendrils Liana Broad-leaved (Merremia Peltata) that isdeliberately allowed to creep above the ground (treatment 1st) is the amount of increase in tendrillength 12945.10 cm and average 431.50 cm / 6 weeks;(2) increase in the length of tendrils LianaBroad-leaved ( Merremia Peltata) deliberately bought on ajir (treatment 2) is the amount of increase intendril length 12835.10 cm and average 427.84 cm / 6 weeks; and (3) the increase of Liana BroadLeaved (Merremia Peltata) in stick where to vine is the amount of 214.00 twists and an average of7.13 twists.

DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ATTRACTED ON METHYL EUGANOL AND CUE LURE IN CENTRAL BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG

Not all fruit flies species of Dacini tribe were pests to fruit and fleshy vegetables. CentralBangka Regency is one of the citrus producer in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Information about this fruit flies in this area was limited. This study aimed to make inventory and identification of fruit flies species of the Dacini tribe in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung. The research was conducted in Nibung, Penyak, and Terentang Villages in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Islands. Lynfield traps were installed in a citrus cultivation area about 1.5 m above ground level. Lynfield traps were treated with the attractant and deltamethrin (2: 1; v / v) on dental cotton. Methyl eugenol and cue lure were used to attract the male fruit flies. In Central Bangka Regency, 3 genera and 14 species of fruit flies were obtained from the tribe Dacini. The fruit fly species of Bactrocera atrifemur, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. occipitalis, and B. umbrosa were caught in the methyl eugenol attractant trap. Meanwhile, the fruit fly species of B. albistrigata, B. fuscitibia, B. melastomatos, B. neocognata, B. nigrotibialis, Dacus nanggalae, Zeugodacus apicalis, Z. caudatus, and Z. cucurbitae were caught in the cue lure attractant trap. The fruit flies obtained from the two different attractants were used to develop dichotomous keys.

UAV high-resolution magnetic mapping of the Chenaillet ophiolite, in the Alps

&lt;p&gt;Continent-Ocean Transitions (COT) and ultra-slow spreading ridges, floored by wide area of exhumed serpentinized mantle, bear strong amplitude magnetic lineations. However, whether these anomalies are linked to inversions of the direction of the magnetization (therefore characterized as isochrones of seafloor spreading) or to structural and lithological contrasts remains an open question. Generally, marine magnetic data acquired at sea surface along profiles, are too low resolution to image the intensity variations of the magnetic field at a kilometric scale. Performing a dense deep tow magnetic survey at a present-day COT or ultra-slow spreading system would be better to determine the sources of the magnetic signal but remains expensive. To go ahead, a valuable alternative to address these questions is to record the magnetic signal on ophiolite representing remnants of COT and oceanic systems sampled in orogenic system. We worked on the Chenaillet Ophiolite (French Alps), which represents a fossil COT or ultra-slow spreading system integrated to the Alpine orogeny. This ophiolite escaped high-pressure metamorphism and has only been weakly deformed during Alpine orogeny, preserving its pre-orogenic structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We performed an UAV magnetic survey using fluxgate magnetometers in complex conditions due to the altitude (&gt; 1800 m), the strong topography variations and the weather conditions (negative temperatures, snow). Despite these difficulties, which highlight the viability of UAV for geophysical measurements, a survey of 20 square kilometers with 219 km of profiling was completed 100 m above ground level. Flight line spacing is 100 m above the ophiolitic basement and 200 m above the sedimentary units. Another magnetic UAV survey was flown with another UAV to map a small area 10 m above ground level. Magnetic anomaly maps were computed after standard processing (e.g., calibration/compensation, temporal variation and regional magnetic field corrections, levelling).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our first results evidence well-defined magnetic anomalies clearly linked to serpentinite. This shows that the magnetic signal is of sufficient resolution to contribute to a revision of the cartography of the massif combining geological observations and magnetic data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, the magnetic susceptibility was measured on 60 outcrops, to support interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this presentation, we focus on the magnetic acquisition campaigns, processing and 2D/3D interpretations by forward modelling and data inversion. Lastly, two items are discussed: 1) contribution of magnetic UAV surveys for geological mapping; and 2) implication of the results on the Chenaillet massif to discuss the contribution of magnetic mapping to the understanding of the TOC or ultra-slow spreading system.&lt;/p&gt;

DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ATTRACTED ON METHYL EUGANOL AND CUE LURE IN CENTRAL BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG

Distribution and identification of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) attracted on methyl euganol and cue lure in CentralBangka Regency, Bangka Belitung. Not all fruit flies species of Dacini tribe were pests to fruit and fleshy vegetables. CentralBangka Regency is one of the citrus producer in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Information about this fruit flies in thisarea was limited. This study aimed to make inventory and identification of fruit flies species of the Dacini tribe in CentralBangka Regency, Bangka Belitung. The research was conducted in Nibung, Penyak, and Terentang Villages in Central BangkaRegency, Bangka Islands. Lynfield traps were installed in a citrus cultivation area about 1.5 m above ground level. Lynfieldtraps were treated with the attractant and deltamethrin (2: 1; v / v) on dental cotton. Methyl eugenol and cue lure were usedto attract the male fruit flies. In Central Bangka Regency, 3 genera and 14 species of fruit flies were obtained from the tribeDacini. The fruit fly species of Bactrocera atrifemur, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. occipitalis, and B. umbrosa were caughtin the methyl eugenol attractant trap. Meanwhile, the fruit fly species of B. albistrigata, B. fuscitibia, B. melastomatos,B. neocognata, B. nigrotibialis, Dacus nanggalae, Zeugodacus apicalis, Z. caudatus, and Z. cucurbitae were caught in thecue lure attractant trap. The fruit flies obtained from the two different attractants were used to develop dichotomous keys.

Pruning intensity and amino acids tryptophan and glycine on growth and flowering of Jasminum sambac

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is an evergreen shrub and very fragrant, which has a very importance in the perfume industry and its flowers are used in different religious and ceremonies. Training the shrubs for more yields of flowers and essential oil with horticultural improvement effects of pruning and amino acids may help gardeners to achieve more benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pruning intensity (without pruning, 40, 60 or 75 cm above ground level) and foliar application of amino acids (without amino acids, tryptophan or glycine) on jasmine shrubs for promoting growth and reproductive growth and the content of essential oil. The results showed that plants with light pruning (75 cm) and foliar application of amino acids especially glycine had the best growth and yield, which means that plants were affected by the interactions of pruning level and application of amino acids.