scholarly journals The Construction and Transcultural Dissemination of Negative Images of Jews in a French Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for a Danish Reader

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Marina Vidas
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Full Description ◽  
British Library ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Intended Reader ◽  
Words And Images

Marina Vidas: The Construction and Transcultural Dissemination of Negative Images of Jews in a French Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for a Danish Reader The article is concerned with a thirteenth-century de luxe Psalter (London, British Library, MS Additional 17868) produced in France after 1253. It provides an overview of the relevant literature on the London Psalter, a full description of the textual and pictorial components of the manuscript, including a detailed analysis of the Calendar and Litany, as well as reasons for identifying the intended reader as Danish (rather than French, as has been presumed in earlier scholarly literature). A lengthy and detailed analysis is undertaken of the mostly negative manner in which Jews are represented in the Prefatory Cycle miniatures and Psalter section of the manuscript. It is argued that the image of the Jew in the Prefatory Cycle is shaped by pictorial tradition and the then-current negative perception of Jewish usury while in the Psalter section the depictions of Jews were constructed in response to adjacent texts and to nearby images. It is suggested that the interplay between words and images provided a mnemonic tool for the reader but also reinforced widely-held stereotypes of Jews, for example about Jewish enmity toward Christ. Also presented and discussed is French iconography, including pejorative images of Jews and Judaism, which was assimilated and appropriated in Medieval Danish churches. It is concluded that the images would have shaped the reader’s experience of the text and perception of members of the Jewish faith, centuries before the establishment of Jewish communities in this part of Europe.

The Establishment of the Mathematical Bookshelf of the Medieval Hebrew Scholar: Translations and Translators

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony LÉvy
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Wide Readership ◽  
Medieval Hebrew

The ArgumentThe major part of the mathematical “classics” in Hebrew were translated from Arabic between the second third of the thirteenth century and the first third of the fourteenth century, within the northern littoral of the western Mediterranean. This movement occurred after the original works by Abraham bar Hiyya and Abraham ibn Ezra became available to a wide readership. The translations were intended for a restricted audience — the scholarly readership involved in and dealing with the theoretical sciences. In some cases the translators themselves were professional scientists (e.g., Jacob ben Makhir); in other cases they were, so to speak, professional translators, dealing as well with philosophy, medicine, and other works in Arabic.In aketshing this portrait of the beginning of Herbrew scholarly mathematics, my aim has been to contribute to a better understanding of mathematical activity as such among Jewish communities during this period.

The Aschaffenburg model: addenda to JRA Suppl. 98

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Anne Laidlaw
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Main House

V. Kockel has discussed the model as one of the few surviving examples of a form of three-dimensional archaeological recording that was developed by the Padiglione family and other model-makers for the King of the Two Sicilies. Here I provide comparisons with the extant remains of the house, to illustrate how much more we can learn from the model of specific details of the structure and decoration that have been lost since 1840, when the building was still in a remarkably better state of preservation. Aside from the inevitable gradual deterioration of wall-paintings and pavements, which remained almost completely open to the elements after the original excavation was completed in 1809, a direct hit by a bomb on September 23, 1943, left the SE corner a mound of overgrown ruins. In 1970-72, when the Soprintendenza completely roofed the main house block, cleared the bomb rubble, and added low modern walls along the lines of the destroyed rooms to give tourists some idea of the original plan, I directed 37 soundings below the level of A.D. 79. Then between 2005 and 2007, as part of the Progetto Regio VI under F. Coarelli and F. Pesando, M. Stella and I added 17 more soundings, mainly in the area of the peristyle and on the S side of the house. Our final study of the house provided a detailed analysis of its original excavation during the Napoleonic Wars, a full description of the extant rooms and building history, and reports on our excavations.

scholarly journals Scribal Intrusion in the Texts of Gamelyn

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Nila VáZquez
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
British Library ◽  
Bodleian Library ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
University Library ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Physical Elements

Scribal Intrusion in the Texts of Gamelyn One of most important steps in the process of editing a manuscript is the identification and correction of the mistakes made by the scribe or scribes involved in its copying process in order to obtain the best text. In some cases, the changes introduced by the scribe, or by the editor who was supervising his work, can easily be noticed because we find out "physical" elements throughout the folio, such as dots under a word as a sign of expunction or carets indicating that a missing word is being added. However, there are many instances of scribal intrusion where only a detailed analysis of the text itself, or even the comparison of different manuscripts, can lead us to the identification of a modified reading. For instance, orthographical changes due to the dialectal provenance of the copyist, or altered lines with a regular aspect. The purpose of this article is to analyse the scribal amendments that appear in some of the earliest copies of The tale of Gamelyn: Corpus Christi College Oxford MS 198 (Cp), Christ Church Oxford MS 152 (Ch), Fitzwilliam Museum McClean 181 (Fi), British Library MS Harley 7334 (Ha4), Bodleian Library MS Hatton Donat. 1 (Ht), British Library MS Lansdowne 851 (La), Lichfield Cathedral MS 29 (Lc), Cambridge University Library Mm. 2.5 (Mm), Petworth House MS 7 (Pw) and British Library MS Royal 18 C.II (Ry2).

scholarly journals Devotion, Remembrance, and Identity. The Hagiographic Entries and Obituaries in a Parisian Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for Jakob Sunesen

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Marina Vidas
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
British Library ◽  
High Status ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Scholarly Literature

Marina Vidas: Devotion, Remembrance, and Identity: The Hagiographic Entries and Obituaries in a Parisian Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for Jakob Sunesen The focus of the article is a handsomely illuminated Parisian thirteenth-century Psalter (London, British Library, MS Egerton 2652), which includes in the Calendar feasts of saints venerated in Denmark and, more specifically, in the diocese of Roskilde. A brief description of the manuscript is provided and the scholarly literature about the Psalter is discussed. Then a fresh look is taken at the significance of the hagiographic entries and obituaries in the Calendar. New reasons are provided for identifying the patron of MS Egerton 2652 as the Danish nobleman Jakob Sunesen (d. 1246) who had major landholdings on the island of Sjælland, and had family ties to Roskilde and Paris. The reception of the work after its completion is addressed and it is argued that the Parisian illuminated devotional manuscript might be understood as a symbol of Jakob Sunesen’s high status. It is suggested that Jakob Sunesen’s only surviving child, Ingerd, Countess of Regenstein (c.1200–1258), might have inherited the Psalter and had the obituaries added to the Calendar after her father’s death. The article also seeks to show that the obituaries may not only have served a commemorative purpose but they may have demonstrated and celebrated the manuscript owner’s noble lineage and connections.

Studying with Maps: Jerusalem and the Holy Land in Two Thirteenth-Century Manuscripts

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Vorholt
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
British Library ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
Manuscript Production

This chapter focuses on two closely related diagrammatic maps of Jerusalem and the Holy Land in two thirteenth-century manuscripts now in Brussels (Bibliothèque Royale, MS IV 462) and London (British Library, MS Harley 658). On the basis of a comparison between the maps and their transmission contexts it is argued that the maps served as didactic tools, aiding the study of biblical history. The layout of the maps is analysed in relation to wider developments in Western medieval manuscript production and learning during the second half of the twelfth and first half of the thirteenth centuries, particularly in relation to the emphasis on a more systematic and rigorous structuring of knowledge. The manuscripts are seen as indicative of how topographical information concerning the Holy Land was put to use in biblical study, and of how scholasticism could have influenced the ways in which Jerusalem was represented and perceived.

Engaging with Śrīvaiṣṇavas

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-173
Author(s):  
Jonathan Duquette
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Core

This chapter pursues the analysis of Appaya’s Śivādvaita works with a special focus on his engagement with the Śrīvaiṣṇava tradition of Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta. It examines a number of arguments and strategies Appaya employs to criticize Rāmānuja’s theology and his reading of the Brahmasūtras, and thereby establish Śrīkaṇṭha’s theology as the superior system. It sums up the content of two key works of Śivādvaita Vedānta—the Ānandalaharī and the Śivādvaitanirṇaya—and also pays attention to a little-studied work of Śivādvaita Vedānta, the Ratnatrayaparīkṣā, a short devotional hymn with self-authored commentary in which Appaya encapsulates his original vision of Śrīkaṇṭha’s ‘esoteric’ theology. It features a detailed analysis of Appaya’s response to the doctrine of aikaśāstrya, one of the core doctrines developed by Sudarśanasūri, a late thirteenth-century scholar who may well have been Appaya’s nemesis. The chapter concludes with an examination of Appaya’s critical take on Pāñcarātra, a key source of Śrīvaiṣṇava theology.

Saint Francis of Assisi’s Repair of the Church

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Anne Kirkham
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
The World ◽  
Fourth Lateran Council ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Saint Francis ◽  
The Church

A round 1230 Burchard of Ursperg, a Premonstratensian canon, writing about the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), reported that ‘with the world already growing old, two religious orders arose in the Church – whose youth is renewed like the eagle’s’. The success of the Franciscans in contributing to what Burchard saw as the renewal of the Church’s youth was simultaneously assisted and celebrated by documenting the life of the founder, Francis (1182–1226), in words and images soon after his death and throughout the thirteenth century. Within these representations, the pivotal event in securing Francis’s religious ‘conversion’ was his encounter with the decaying church of San Damiano outside Assisi. His association with the actual repair of churches in the written and pictorial accounts of his life was a potent allegorical image to signal the revival of the Church and the role of Francis and his followers in this. This essay focuses on how references to the repair of churches were used to call attention to the role of the Franciscans in the revival of the Church in the thirteenth century.

Interactions between cat lateral geniculate neurons

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Stevens ◽  
G. L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Inhibitory Circuit ◽  
The Cross

Action potentials of 31 pairs of cat LGN neurons were recorded on single electrodes. Cross-correlograms, response planes, and a new function, the logical response plane, were calculated. The cross-correlograms between these pairs revealed four interactive classes: 1) a class with a flat cross-correlogram, 2) a class with a peak in the center of the cross-correlogram seen both during spontaneous activity and during driven activity, 3) a class with an inhibitory dip in the center of the cross-correlogram seen only when the cell pairs were driven by a stimulus and predicted by the shift predictor, 4) finally, a class with an inhibitory dip in the center of the cross-correlogram seen both during driven activity and spontaneous activity and not predicted by the shift predictor. Response plane pairs calculated for the unit pairs with flat cross-correlograms showed no predictable relationship. The pairs with a dip in the center of the cross-correlograms always had response planes that were antagonistic (i.e., approximate negative images of each other). When one cell was excited, the second cell was inhibited, and vice versa. More detailed analysis, using the logical response plane, demonstrated that the majority of the antagonistic response planes had either excitatory or inhibitory overlap. That is, the cells were simultaneously excited and/or inhibited at specific spatiotemporal loci on the response plane. These data are consistent with a feed-forward inhibitory circuit in LGN. Furthermore, the data suggest that retinal centers (PE domains) produce LGN excitatory centers (PE domains) and inhibitory centers (PI domains). In turn, retinal excitatory surrounds (SE domains) produce LGN excitatory surrounds (SE domains) and inhibitory surrounds (SI domains).

scholarly journals From the Editor

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. vii-viii
Author(s):  
Brian Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Worcester Polytechnic Institute ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Student Research ◽  
Introductory Article

This third Special Issue featuring Undergraduate Research offers more compelling examples of study abroad learning. The student articles span several academic disciplines and geographic regions, and together provide us with an understanding of the high-level academic work of which students studying abroad are capable.  Each of the three Special Issues that we have published have been well received by education abroad colleagues, faculty, and by those interested in the assessment student learning outcomes. The Frontiers Editorial Board continues to believe that these volumes serve an important purpose in raising the bar for quality education abroad programs by showcasing the very best examples of what our students may achieve. Based on the very positive feedback to these Special Issues, we think that these volumes are achieving this goal.  The collaboration with the Forum on Education Abroad in publishing these volumes has been extremely fruitful. The idea for the Undergraduate Research Awards, from which the student papers are generated, began and continues to be nurtured in the work of the Forum on Education Abroad’s Committee on Outcomes Assessment. A full description of the Committee’s work and the award selection process is available on the Forum web site at www.forumea.org. Natalie Mello of Worcester Polytechnic Institute coordinated the Undergraduate Research Awards process and the mentoring of students who presented at the Forum Conference in Austin in March, 2007, and we thank her for her outstanding work. She worked with the faculty selection committee that chose the Award winners and that nominated students who submitted their papers to Frontiers for review. The three winners who presented at the conference were Hannah Arem, Demetri Blanas Hannah Arem, and Jason Nossiter who were all outstanding. Many attendees commented that their presentations were highlights of the conference. This year’s selection process has been overseen by Bernhard Streitwieser of Northwestern University, and we thank him for his excellent work. Bernhard collaborated with Neal Sobania of Pacific Lutheran University to write an exceptional introductory article that discusses the important topic of institutional oversight of and the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in student research conducted abroad. Drawing on the relevant literature, established best practices, and their own experiences in overseeing programs that involve students in conducting research, they offer expert guidance to those of us who are developing and managing education abroad programs that involve student research. I am pleased to announce that at its most recent meeting the Frontiers Editorial Board decided to continue to publish in future volumes the best examples of undergraduate research. The Board will continue to work with the Forum to identify and highlight student research as part of our ongoing collaboration. This project would not have been possible without funding from the IFSA Foundation, which saw the value of featuring research abroad as a way to encourage quality academic achievement in the field. The fact that Frontiers will continue to feature undergraduate student research in future volumes is testimony to the successful outcomes of the IFSA grant. The Frontiers Editorial Board thanks the Foundation for making this possible. As always, we wish to thank our institutional sponsors that continue to support the Frontiers mission. Brian Whalen, Editor Dickinson College  

scholarly journals The Politics of Diplomacy: The Palatinate and Anglo-Imperial Relations in the Thirty Years' War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
British Library ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bodleian Library ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Public Record

This dissertation examines the diplomatic relations between the King of England and the Holy Roman Emperor in the 1630s. Negotiations between the two rulers revolved around the settlement of the Palatinate question, one of the most vexing issues of the Thirty Years' War. This study focuses specifically on the missions of the three diplomats most intimately involved in Anglo-Imperial negotiations of the later 1630s: the English diplomats John Taylor and Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel, and the Imperial envoy Clement Radolt. Through a detailed analysis of their negotiations, this dissertation shows that English foreign policy in these years, though it produced no tangible results, had the potential to succeed. Although historians have traditionally downplayed England's influence on Continental powers, the evidence shows that Charles I's favor was highly valued at the Habsburg courts and that he had more foreign policy options in the later 1630s than has been commonly assumed. Unlike previous work, this study investigates the European as well as the British context of early Stuart foreign policy. It therefore draws not only upon sources from British archives, such as the Public Record Office, British Library, Bodleian Library, and Arundel Castle Archives, but also upon the abundant material concerning Britain in Continental repositories, including the Haus-, Hof- and Staatsarchiv, Finanz- and Hofkammerarchiv, Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv, and Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchiv in Austria.Part one of this dissertation sets the European political, military, and diplomatic backdrop for the Anglo-Imperial negotiations that took place in the later 1630s. Part two surveys the background, religious leanings, education, and political and diplomatic careers of the three diplomats. Part three gives a detailed description of the course of the negotiations and the various personalities and events affecting them. Finally, the concluding chapter evaluates English foreign policy toward the Emperor; the expectations, interests, and willingness to compromise of the powers involved as evidenced in the negotiations; and the reasons for their ultimate failure.

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