scholarly journals INSPIRE Hackathons and SmartAfriHub – Roadmap for Addressing the Agriculture Data Challenges in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Karel Charvát ◽  
◽  
Akaninyene Obot ◽  
Stephen Kalyesubula ◽  
Foteini Zampati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Farmer Organisations ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues ◽  
Digital Farming

Digital farming holds enormous potential for agricultural development, and giving farmers the tools to boost productivity and profitability. Although the benefits of digitalization are numerous, farmers feel they are not the ones benefiting from the value of data collected on their farms. Several issues were identified as factors restricting farmers from benefiting from data-driven agriculture. From the farmers’ perspective, there is a distinct lack of awareness of the issues surrounding farm data, and the complexity of these issues. This feeds into the imbalance that exists between individual farmers and larger agribusinesses wherein the former lack enough resources to address and analyse the significance of data, and so cannot take advantage of the value in it. There is also limited legislation for the generation, flow, exchange and use of data; where legislation does exist, it is not well understood by farmer organisations. From a policy perspective, moreover, there is very little guidance as to which agricultural data can be considered personal data, and therefore protected by privacy laws. This paper analyses the interactions and effects of the 5 Concepts: Open Agricultural Data, Open-Source Software, Citizen Science, privacy and legal and ethical issues that are assumed to advance the digitalization of African Food System (AFS and the enabling Digital Innovation Hub (DIH) - SmartAfriHub (https://www.smartafrihub.com/home).

Barriers to Accessing State Data and Approaches to Addressing Them

2017 ◽  
Vol 675 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Goerge
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Data Stewardship ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
And Control ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues ◽  
Administrative Datasets

The technical challenges of accessing large administrative datasets are easily addressed with the advances in data security, computational resources, and the Internet. The most vexing barriers are legal and ethical issues, and control of the data by the agencies that generate it. This article describes those issues and promotes the notion that partnerships with the data providers are necessary to facilitate access to researchers, both inside and outside government, but also to provide benefits, in the form of evidence, research, and information to the data providers themselves. Ultimately, training of all stakeholders around the secure and responsible use of data and appropriate data stewardship is necessary to facilitate the increased use of administrative data that is required to develop evidence that will have an impact on government services and programs for individuals and families.

Physician Attitudes toward the Regulation of Fetal Tissue Therapies: Empirical Findings and Implications for Public Policy

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Mullen ◽  
Frederick H. Lowy
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Physician Attitudes ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Elective Abortion ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues ◽  
Difficult Issue

The use of aborted fetal tissues in research and therapy (FTT) has raised exciting possibilities and a host of social, legal and ethical issues. Perhaps the most difficult issue is whether the use of materials from elective abortion can be viewed and weighed separately from the abortion itself, or if in using these tissues there is inherent complicity with the abortion act. Those who oppose FTT claim that there is complicity with the abortion act and liken the use of fetal tissue from abortions to the use of data from the Nazi experiments. Within this lobby are those who claim that the option to donate fetal tissues will make abortion a more attractive alternative for pregnant women, and that there are doctors who will offer fetal tissue donation as a positive incentive to abortion-with the net effect that more abortions will take place.

scholarly journals Key Points for an Ethical Evaluation of Healthcare Big Data

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Leon-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Bioethical Debate ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The article studies specific ethical issues arising from the use of big data in Life Sciences and Healthcare. Methods: Main consensus documents, other studies, and particular cases are analyzed. Results: New concepts that emerged in five key areas for the bioethical debate on big data and health are identified—the accuracy and validity of data and algorithms, questions related to transparency and confidentiality in the use of data; aspects that raise the coding or pseudonymization and the anonymization of data, and also problems derived from the possible individual or group identification; the new ways of obtaining consent for the transfer of personal data; the relationship between big data and the responsibility of professional decision; and the commitment of the Institutions and Public Administrations. Conclusions: Good practices in the management of big data related to Life Sciences and Healthcare depend on respect for the rights of individuals, the improvement that these practices can introduce in assistance to individual patients, the promotion of society’s health in general and the advancement of scientific knowledge.

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