scholarly journals Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Statins: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Turrin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
University Websites ◽  
Necrotizing Myopathy ◽  
Comprehensive Search

BACKGROUND: Statins are a well-recognized cause of a variety of skeletal myopathic effects, which generally resolve when discontinuing the treatment. Among autoimmune manifestations associated with statins, there are typical polymyositis (PM) and typical dermatomyositis (DM).OBJECTIVE: To perform a review on published case reports and case series about statin-associated PM and DM.METHODS: This literature comprehensive search was conducted mainly on PubMed, but also congress abstracts and university websites were considered. Given the paucity of cases, the search was extended to include articles in all languages with English abstract.RESULTS: Twenty-eight PM and 30 DM cases have been described with prevalence in female (64%) and senile age. The drugs most frequently involved were atorvastatin and simvastatin. The differential diagnosis should be made among the main myositis subtypes: immuno-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), and overlap syndrome with myositis (OM), including anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS).CONCLUSIONS: Even though the onset of polymyositis or dermatomyositis is a rare phenomenon, it is advisable to consider their presence in patients taking statins and with a non-reversible elevation of creatine phosphokinase.

scholarly journals Hereditary inclusion body myopathy: a clinical and genetic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza ◽  
Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Gonçalves ◽  
Igor Braga Farias ◽  
Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Inclusion Body Myopathy ◽  
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy ◽  
Degenerative Disorder

Introduction. Inclusion body myositis represents the most common acquired myopathy in clinical practice in patients over 50 years old. Despite classical approach to this myopathy as an inflammatory disorder, a muscle degenerative disorder is now considered the main mechanism linked to these vacuolar myopathies. Hereditary presentations, although quite rare, represent an expanding and underrecognized group in clinical practice. Objective. perform a structured review of the current literature regarding hereditary inclusion body myopathies. Method. review of U.S. NLM PubMed and MEDLINE database of original articles, case reports, case series and review articles including the terms “inclusion body myositis” OR “inclusion body myopathy” AND “genetics” OR “hereditary”. Results. We present in this article a wide review regarding the main clinical, imaging, pathophysiological, genetic and therapeutic aspects related to hereditary myopathies linked to seven different clinical and genetic presentations (GNE, MATR3, VCP, SQSTM1, MYH2, HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPA1). Conclusion. Hereditary inclusion body myopathy is associated with at least 7 distinct clinic and genetic monogenic forms.

Inclusion body myositis: A differential diagnosis to consider in patients with myopathy refractory to immunosuppressants. Two case reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bolaños-Toro ◽  
Daniel Arias-Jaramillo ◽  
Manuela Aun-Mejía ◽  
Juliana Castro-Henao ◽  
Daniel G. Fernández-Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Case Reports

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of sporadic inclusion body myositis: a case series

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Haczkiewicz ◽  
Agata Sebastian ◽  
Aleksandra Piotrowska ◽  
Maria Misterska-Skóra ◽  
Agnieszka Hałoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis

scholarly journals Cardiac Outpouchings: Definitions, Differential Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scagliola ◽  
Gian Marco Rosa ◽  
Sara Seitun
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Data Location

Background and Aims. Cardiac outpouchings encounter a series of distinct congenital or acquired entities (i.e. aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, diverticula, and herniations), whose knowledge is still poorly widespread in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview focusing on definition, differential diagnosis, and prognostic outcomes of cardiac outpouchings, as well as further insights on therapeutic options, in order to assist physicians in the most appropriate decision-making. Methods. The material reviewed was obtained by the following search engines: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1966 until March 2021. We searched for the following keywords (in title and/or abstract): (“cardiac” OR “heart”) AND (“outpouching” OR “outpouch” OR “aneurysm” OR “pseudoaneurysm” OR “false aneurysm” OR “diverticulum” OR “herniation”). Review articles, original articles, case series, and case reports with literature review were included in our search. Data from patients with congenital or acquired cardiac outpouchings, from prenatal to geriatric age range, were investigated. Results. Out of the 378 papers initially retrieved, 165 duplicates and 84 records in languages other than English were removed. Among the 129 remaining articles, 76 were included in our research material, on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: (a) papers pertaining to the research topic; (b) peer-reviewed articles; (c) using standardized diagnostic criteria; and (d) reporting raw prevalence data. Location, morphologic features, wall motion abnormalities, and tissue characterization were found to have a significant impact in recognition and differential diagnosis of cardiac outpouchings as well as to play a significant role in defining their natural history and prognostic outcomes. Conclusions. Careful recognition of cardiac outpouchings remains a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. Due to a broad cluster of distinctive and heterogeneous entities, their knowledge and timely recognition play a pivotal role in order to provide the most appropriate clinical management and therapeutic approach.

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in Miller Fisher syndrome/Guillain-Barre overlap syndrome and a review of previous case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e240386
Author(s):  
Jeeyune Bahk ◽  
Wanding Yang ◽  
Jonathan Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Miller Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Guillain Barré

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), an acute demyelinating neuropathy, is characterised by a triad of areflexia, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. It is the most common variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). In about 5.6%–7.1% of MFS cases, patients also suffer from progressive motor weakness of the limbs. This condition is termed MFS/GBS overlap syndrome. Whether it is in MFS or GBS, bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) is a rare manifestation with limited cases reported in the literature. We report an extremely rare case where a 65-year-old man developed BVCP in an MFS/GBS overlap syndrome. We have also reviewed previous case reports in the literature for comparison.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W Miller ◽  
Adam Schiffenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), also known as myositis syndromes, are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the common feature of chronic muscle inflammation of unknown cause. These disorders may occur in adults or children and are sometimes associated with other connective tissue disorders and a variety of cancers. A combined clinical, laboratory, and pathologic evaluation is needed to establish the diagnosis of these acquired systemic connective tissue diseases to rule out the many disorders that mimic IIMs. This module reviews the classification of IIMs, including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and cancer, and antisynthetase syndrome. The epidemiology; etiology, genetics, and environmental factors; pathophysiology and pathogenesis; diagnosis; differential diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of IIMs are discussed. Tables describe the criteria for polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis; well-characterized subgroups of the IIMs in adults and children; presentation of polymyositis; differential diagnosis of muscle weakness or pain; features that assist in discriminating IIMs from other myopathies; goals for managing IIMs; and key factors for achieving adequate corticosteroid response in IIMs. Figures demonstrate skin findings in IIMs, muscle pathology of IIMs, magnetic resonance imaging of three patients with different IIMs, and treatment approaches to the management of myositis patients. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 80 references.

Electroencephalography in Catatonic Disorders Due to General Medical Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan T. Carroll ◽  
Harold W. Goforth ◽  
Nashaat N. Boutros ◽  
Theodore J. Anfinson ◽  
Lisa Werner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
The Ohio State University

AbstractIn an effort to aid the clinician in the differential diagnosis of catatonic states, we assessed the nature of electroencephalography (EEG) findings in both medical and psychiatric forms of catatonia. An exhaustive review of the literature on catatonia due to a general medical condition (CDGMC) was performed in addition to a prospective review of catatonic patients at The Ohio State University Neuwpsychiatric Facility.A total of 105 patients had documented, specific clinical and EEG information, with neurologic conditions accounting for 82.8% of case reports. Results from the case series of 31 episodes of catatonia indicate that there is an increased likelihood of diffuse slowing in patients with CDGMC versus psychiatric catatonia. Given the observed rate of abnormalities, EEG is an important but underutilized tool in the differential diagnosis of catatonic disorders.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Children With Kawasaki Disease-Like Signs in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Mardi ◽  
Marzieh Esmaeili ◽  
Parisa Iravani ◽  
Mohammad Esmail Abdar ◽  
Kumars Pourrostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Recent studies have shown that several children diagnosed with COVID-19 have developed Kawasaki Disease (KD)-like symptoms. This systematic review aims to assess the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of children with KD-like syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate efficacy of treatments and patients' outcome. A comprehensive search was carried out systematically through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS), medRxiv, and bioRxiv by two reviewers independently for all studies or preprints data on the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of children with K.D-like signs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall, 378 studies were identified by the systematic search, of which 25 studies were included in the study. The included studies involved 599 patients in total. Thirteen studies (52%) were case reports or case series, and the rest (48%) were cohort studies. In 19 studies, patients were diagnosed with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In 16 studies COVID-19 was diagnosed in all patients based on their polymerase chain reaction result, serological findings, and computed tomography results. Higher C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate level were the most prevalent laboratory findings. In most studies, patients had leucopenia with marked lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased ferritin, as well as hyponatremia. Abnormal echocardiography and respiratory outcomes were the most common clinical outcomes. In 11 studies, all patients required intensive care unit admission. Findings of the present systematic review show that the incidence of KD-like syndrome in the COVID-19 pandemic increased significantly. Moreover, this study offers new insights in the KD-like syndrome pathogenesis and clinical spectrum during COVID-19 pandemic.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W Miller ◽  
Adam Schiffenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), also known as myositis syndromes, are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the common feature of chronic muscle inflammation of unknown cause. These disorders may occur in adults or children and are sometimes associated with other connective tissue disorders and a variety of cancers. A combined clinical, laboratory, and pathologic evaluation is needed to establish the diagnosis of these acquired systemic connective tissue diseases to rule out the many disorders that mimic IIMs. This module reviews the classification of IIMs, including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and cancer, and antisynthetase syndrome. The epidemiology; etiology, genetics, and environmental factors; pathophysiology and pathogenesis; diagnosis; differential diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of IIMs are discussed. Tables describe the criteria for polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis; well-characterized subgroups of the IIMs in adults and children; presentation of polymyositis; differential diagnosis of muscle weakness or pain; features that assist in discriminating IIMs from other myopathies; goals for managing IIMs; and key factors for achieving adequate corticosteroid response in IIMs. Figures demonstrate skin findings in IIMs, muscle pathology of IIMs, magnetic resonance imaging of three patients with different IIMs, and treatment approaches to the management of myositis patients. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 80 references.

scholarly journals Primary intraosseous meningioma

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Elder ◽  
Roscoe Atkinson ◽  
Chi-Shing Zee ◽  
Thomas C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Intraosseous Meningioma

✓Primary intraosseous meningiomas are a subtype of primary extradural meningiomas and constitute fewer than 2% of meningiomas overall, but they represent approximately two thirds of all extradural meningiomas. These types of meningiomas originate within the bones of the skull and thus can have a clinical presentation and radiographic differential diagnosis that is different from those for intradural meningiomas. Primary intraosseous meningiomas are classified based on their location and histopathological characteristics. Treatment primarily involves resection with wide margins if possible. Very little literature exists regarding the use of adjuvant therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy for these tumors. In fact, the literature regarding primary intra-osseous meningiomas consists mostly of clinical case reports and case series. This literature is reviewed and summarized in this article.

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