Association between life-course socio-economic status and prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk ractors in five middle-income countries

Suicide is a global public health problem, with the majority of suicides occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The UNHCR reported that in 2017 there were 25.4 million refugees, with the majority (85%) being hosted by developing countries, which have limited infrastructure, healthcare systems, and are often politically and economically unstable. A review of suicidal behaviour among refugees reveals a prevalence of 3.4–40%. Female sex, higher education and socio-economic status, exposure to trauma, presence of psychological disorders, long stay in detention centres, and rejection of asylum status are associated with increased suicidal risk. Globally, data for rates of suicide among refugee groups are not available and any interventions to reduce suicide among refugees have received scant attention. A theoretical model for understanding suicide risk in refugees is proposed in this chapter and the possible interventions discussed.

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Widowhood, Socio-Economic Status, Health and Wellbeing in Low and Middle-Income Countries

The Journal of Development Studies ◽

10.1080/00220388.2015.1066497 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 1374-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Peter Lloyd-Sherlock ◽

Barbara Corso ◽

Nadia Minicuci

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Diabetes and depression comorbidity and socio-economic status in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a mapping of the evidence

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/1744-8603-8-39 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Tiziana Leone ◽

Ernestina Coast ◽

Shilpa Narayanan ◽

Ama de Graft Aikins

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Adherence to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines: A Systemic Review of High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1038

Author(s):

Ana Carolina B. Leme ◽

Sophia Hou ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg ◽

Mauro Fisberg ◽

Jess Haines

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Economic Status ◽

High Income ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Future Health ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

Research comparing the adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) across countries with different socio-economic status is lacking, which may be a concern for developing nutrition policies. The aim was to report on the adherence to FBDGs in high-income (HIC) and low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). A systematic review with searches in six databases was performed up to June 2020. English language articles were included if they investigated a population of healthy children and adults (7–65 years), using an observational or experimental design evaluating adherence to national FBDGs. Findings indicate that almost 40% of populations in both HIC and LMIC do not adhere to their national FBDGs. Fruit and vegetables (FV) were most adhered to and the prevalence of adhering FV guidelines was between 7% to 67.3%. HIC have higher consumption of discretionary foods, while results were mixed for LMIC. Grains and dairy were consumed below recommendations in both HIC and LMIC. Consumption of animal proteins (>30%), particularly red meat, exceeded the recommendations. Individuals from HIC and LMIC may be falling short of at least one dietary recommendation from their country’s guidelines. Future health policies, behavioral-change strategies, and dietary guidelines may consider these results in their development.

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Commentary: The value of life course epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries: an ageing perspective

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyw109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 997-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephen M Tollman ◽

Shane A Norris ◽

Lisa F Berkman

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Value Of Life ◽

Middle Income ◽

Life Course Epidemiology ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

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A Study of Anthropometric and Socio-economic Factors Associated with Delayed Menarche in a Bengali Indian Population with Special Reference to BMI and 2D:4D Ratio

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Suddhasatta Ghosh ◽

Dilip Mukherjee ◽

Riddhi Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Medical Science ◽

P Value ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Middle Income ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Parental Height ◽

Age Of Menarche ◽

Delayed Menarche ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: The average age of menarche has declined over the last century but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. Aims and Objectives: To study a group with delayed menarche in a cohort of Bengali Indian females with low to normal body weight. To investigate anthropometric characteristics (height, mid-parental height, weight, BMI), Socio-economic Status, Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) stages and 2D: 4D ratio ( ratio of lengths of second and fourth digits of both hands) in those with delayed menarche. To analyse the correlation of these factors with delayed age of menarche. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children , aged 11- 16 completed years, of low to middle income family groups and attending suburban schools, were evaluated on the basis of predetermined questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Correlation of factors with delayed age of menarche was done by appropriate statistical methods Results and Analysis: Out of 190 children having delayed menarche (cases) and 424 children with normal age of menarche (controls) , the height percentile (p value: 0.642), BMI ( p value: 0.091), weight (p value: 0.12)and Mid-Parental Height (p value: 0.26) had no significant correlation , while SMR ( p value:0.00), 2D:4D ratio (p value:0.002) and low Socio-economic Status (p value: 0.00) had a significant correlation with delayed menarche. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine such a wide variety of anthropometric and socio-economic factors at a time in a single cohort of females with delayed menarche. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.24-31

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Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies ◽

10.1332/175795919x15762565000695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 157-180

Author(s):

Matthew H. Iveson ◽

Chris Dibben ◽

Ian J. Deary

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Early Life ◽

Economic Status ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Later Life ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽

The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

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The Life Course Consequences of Very Preterm Birth

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 69-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dieter Wolke ◽

Samantha Johnson ◽

Marina Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Middle Income ◽

Developmental Models ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Very Preterm ◽

The Life Course

Around 15 million children are born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) every year. Of these, 15% or 2.25 million are born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation). Here, the developmental outcomes of VP babies in diverse domains from motor, cognitive, and social function to mental health and well-being throughout childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Their life course adaptation in terms of romantic relationships, employment, and quality of life into adulthood is also considered. Some adverse effects reduce as individuals age, and others remain remarkably stable from childhood into adulthood. We argue that to advance understanding of developmental mechanisms and direct resources for intervention more effectively, social factors need to be assessed more comprehensively, and genetically sensitive designs should be considered with neuroimaging integrated to test alternative developmental models. As current evidence is based almost exclusively on studies from high-income countries, research from low- and middle-income countries is urgently needed.

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