scholarly journals Sexual violence and eclampsia: analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys from seven low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Bellizzi ◽  
Alessandra Nivoli ◽  
Paola Salaris ◽  
Anna Rita Ronzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Pichierri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Medical injection and access to sterile injection equipment in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O Adewuyi ◽  
Asa Auta
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unsafe Injection ◽  
Injection Practices ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of medical injections as well as assess the level of access to sterile injection equipment by demographic factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We carried out a meta-analysis of nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted between 2010 and 2017 in 39 LMICs. Random effects meta-analysis was used in estimating pooled and disaggregated prevalence. All analyses were conducted using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results The pooled 12-month prevalence estimate of medical injection was 32.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–35.6). Pakistan, Rwanda and Myanmar had the highest prevalence of medical injection: 59.1%, 56.4% and 53.0%, respectively. Regionally, the prevalence of medical injection ranged from 13.5% in west Asia to 42.7% in south and southeast Asia. The pooled prevalence of access to sterile injection equipment was 96.5%, with Pakistan, Comoros and Afghanistan having comparatively less prevalence: 86.0%, 90.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusions Overuse of medical injection and potentially unsafe injection practices remain a considerable challenge in LMICs. To stem the tides of these challenges, national governments of LMICs need to initiate appropriate interventions, including education of stakeholders, and equity in access to quality healthcare services.

scholarly journals Estimating the Double Burden of Malnutrition among 595,975 Children in 65 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing J. Akombi ◽  
Stanley Chitekwe ◽  
Berhe W. Sahle ◽  
Andre M.N. Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction: Given the changing global nutrition landscape, the double burden of malnutrition is a major public health challenge in many developing countries. The main aim of this study is to estimate the double burden of malnutrition among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This study used cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys (2001–2016). A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition indicators in 595,975 children under five years from 65 LMICs. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various surveys (I2 >50%), hence a random-effect model was used. Sensitivity analysis was also performed, to examine the effects of outliers. Results: The pooled estimate for stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight/obesity was 29.0%, 7.5%, 15.5%, and 5.3% respectively. Countries with the highest coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were: South Africa (stunting 27.4% (95% CI: 25.1, 29.8); overweight/obesity 13.3% (95% CI: 11.5, 15.2)), Sao Tome and Principe (stunting 29.0% (95% CI: 26.8, 31.4); overweight/obesity 10.5% (95% CI: 9.0, 12.1)), Swaziland (stunting 28.9% (95% CI: 27.3, 30.6); overweight/obesity 10.8% (95% CI: 9.7, 12.0)), Comoros (stunting 30.0% (95% CI: 28.3, 31.8); overweight/obesity 9.3% (95% CI: 8.3, 10.5)), and Equatorial Guinea (stunting 25.9% (95% CI: 23.4, 28.7); overweight/obesity 9.7% (95% CI: 8.0, 11.6)). Conclusions: There is an urgent need to strengthen existing policies on child malnutrition to integrate and scale up opportunities for innovative approaches which address the double burden of malnutrition in children under five years in LMICs.

scholarly journals Finding Children with High Risk of Non-Vaccination in 92 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Decision Tree Approach

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Thiago M. Santos ◽  
Bianca O. Cata-Preta ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Aluisio J. D. Barros
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tree Approach ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Reducing vaccination inequalities is a key goal of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Our main objective was to identify high-risk groups of children who received no vaccines (zero-dose children). A decision tree approach was used for 92 low- and middle-income countries using data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, allowing the identification of groups of children aged 12–23 months at high risk of being zero dose (no doses of the four basic vaccines—BCG, polio, DPT and measles). Three high-risk groups were identified in the analysis combining all countries. The group with the highest zero-dose prevalence (42%) included 4% of all children, but almost one in every four zero-dose children in the sample. It included children whose mothers did not receive the tetanus vaccine during and before the pregnancy, who had no antenatal care visits and who did not deliver in a health facility. Separate analyses by country presented similar results. Children who have been missed by vaccination services were also left out by other primary health care interventions, especially those related to antenatal and delivery care. There is an opportunity for better integration among services in order to achieve high and equitable immunization coverage.

scholarly journals Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among children of pre-school age in low- and middle-income countries: a syndemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thach Duc Tran ◽  
Beverley-Ann Biggs ◽  
Sara Holton ◽  
Hau Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Hanieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of co-morbidity of two important global health challenges, anaemia and stunting, among children aged 6–59 months in low- and middle-income countries.DesignSecondary analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted 2005–2015. Child stunting and anaemia were defined using current WHO classifications. Sociodemographic characteristics of children with anaemia, stunting and co-morbidity of these conditions were compared with those of ‘healthy’ children in the sample (children who were not stunted and not anaemic) using multiple logistic models.SettingLow- and middle-income countries.SubjectsChildren aged 6–59 months.ResultsData from 193 065 children from forty-three countries were included. The pooled proportion of co-morbid anaemia and stunting was 21·5 (95 % CI 21·2, 21·9) %, ranging from the lowest in Albania (2·6 %; 95 % CI 1·8, 3·7 %) to the highest in Yemen (43·3; 95 % CI 40·6, 46·1 %). Compared with the healthy group, children with co-morbidity were more likely to be living in rural areas, have mothers or main carers with lower educational levels and to live in poorer households. Inequality in children who had both anaemia and stunting was apparent in all countries.ConclusionsCo-morbid anaemia and stunting among young children is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, especially among more disadvantaged children. It is suggested that they be considered under a syndemic framework, the Childhood Anaemia and Stunting (CHAS) Syndemic, which acknowledges the interacting nature of these diseases and the social and environmental factors that promote their negative interaction.

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