scholarly journals L’alcool au volant, c’est criminel depuis 1921 !

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Pierre Landreville ◽  
Chantal Lavergne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Canadian Criminal Code ◽  
The Law

Bill C-51 passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1985 and the publicity surrounding this legislation led many people to believe that a new crime regarding impaired driving had been created. This Bill, however, was to simply increase the penalty for drunk driving in the case of a first conviction. In fact, the penal solution to the “problem” of drunk driving is not new; in 1921 the offence of impaired driving was first introduced into the Code. This article examines the evolution of the prohibition of driving under the influence of alcohol in the Canadian Criminal Code and the enforcement of this law in Canada, in Quebec and in Ontario from 1921 to 1973. The first part presents the evolution of legislation concerning impaired driving. It goes through six important phases and covers the period from 1921 to 1973. The second part presents the statistical data used in our study. We also consider the reliability and validity of the data used. In the last part, we analyze the implementation of the law on infractions relating to drunk driving in a state of drunkeness indictable offence and summary conviction offence driving under the influence of alcohol or a drug (indictable offence and summary conviction offence), and finally, refusal to furnish a sample of breath (summary conviction offence). In conclusion, we present several recommendations based on the results of our analysis.

Predicting Alcohol-Impaired Driving among Spanish Youth with the Theory of Reasoned Action

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Espada ◽  
Kenneth W. Griffin ◽  
María T. Gonzálvez ◽  
Mireia Orgilés
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving

AbstractAlcohol consumption is a risk factor for motor vehicle accidents in young drivers. Crashes associated with alcohol consumption typically have greater severity. This study examines the prevalence of driving under the influence among Spanish youth and tests the theory of reasoned action as a model for predicting driving under the influence. Participants included 478 Spanish university students aged 17–26 years. Findings indicated that alcohol was the substance most associated with impaired driving, and was involved in more traffic crashes. Men engage in higher levels of alcohol and other drug use, and perceived less risk in drunk driving (p < .01). The study confirms that alcohol use and driving under the influence of alcohol are highly prevalent in Spanish young people, and some gender differences exist in these behaviors (p < .01). Furthermore, the study confirms the validity of theory of reasoned action as a predictive model of driving under the influence of alcohol among youth in Spain (p < .001) and can help in the design of prevention programs.

scholarly journals The Canadian Criminal Code Offence of Trafficking in Persons: Challenges from the Field and within the Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kaye ◽  
Bethany Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Canadian Criminal Code ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law

Despite early ratification of the United Nations Trafficking in Persons Protocol, the <em>Criminal Code</em> offence of trafficking in persons in Canada has received little analytical or interpretive attention to date. Adopted in 2005, this offence has resulted in successful convictions in a limited number of cases and criminal justice authorities have continued to rely on alternate or complementary charges in cases of human trafficking. In particular, prosecutions for cases involving non-sexual labour trafficking remain extremely low. This article provides a socio-legal examination of why the offence of trafficking in persons in Canada is under-utilized in labour trafficking cases. Based on an analysis of data generated from 56 one-on-one interviews gathered from a variety of actors involved in counter trafficking response mechanisms and a legal examination of the key components of the offence, we argue that definitional challenges have resulted in narrow understandings and problematic interpretations of the Criminal Code offence. Such narrow interpretations have resulted in restricted applicability, particularly in cases of labour trafficking. More broadly, the article points to the need to address the limitations of the <em>Criminal Code</em> while formulating responses to trafficking that are not dependent on criminal law.

scholarly journals Criminalization of drunk driving: problems of legislative practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
K. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
External Consistency ◽  
The Law

The article highlights the Ukrainian experience of criminalization of drunk driving as a result of amendments to criminal and administrative legislation in 2018–2021. The importance of systematization and validity in making changes to administrative and criminal law is noted. Attention is drawn to the need for careful observance of the rules of legal technique in legislative activity, given that the use of administrative and criminal law is associated with the most significant restrictions on human rights and freedoms. It is noted that there are violations of the rules of legal technique, allowed in the relevant laws in terms of the provisions on criminalization and decriminalization of drunk driving: violations of the homogeneity of legal regulation (Law № 720-IX regulated an issue that was not the subject of its regulation); internal consistency (Law № 720-IX on amendments “in connection with the adoption of Law № 2617-VIII” amended the Law itself № 2617-VIII); external consistency (provisions of Law № 720-IX contradict the provisions of Article 2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and Article 3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); linguistic (in paragraph 117 of the Law № 720-IX there is a morphological error); procedural (violated the requirements of Articles 90, 92 of the Regulations). Attention is drawn to the content of the conclusions and the legal significance of the explanations of the Parliamentary Committee on Law Enforcement, adopted on the criminalization of drunk driving. It is noted that the relevant committee violated the regulatory procedures and provisions of the legislation on parliamentary committees. The consequences of the relevant technical and legal violations (legislative uncertainty) are highlighted and ways to eliminate these problems are suggested.

scholarly journals Unlawful and Dangerous

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Tony Storey
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Canadian Criminal Code ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law

The crime of unlawful act manslaughter (otherwise known as constructive manslaughter) exists in English and Australian common law. It is also an offence contrary to the Canadian Criminal Code. In all three jurisdictions the offence shares the same essential elements, including the requirements that the accused commit an act which is both unlawful and dangerous. This article will explore the case law on unlawful act manslaughter in Australia, Canada and England, focusing on the elements of an unlawful act and dangerousness, in order to identify similarities and differences in the application of the law in the three jurisdictions. Where differences are found, consideration will be given to the question whether English law should be reformulated.

Dukungan Legislatif Dalam RUU KUHP Untuk Pemberantasan Korupsi: Pro dan Kontra Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam RUU KUHPDukungan Legislatif Dalam RUU KUHP Untuk Pemberantasan Korupsi: Pro dan Kontra Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam RUU KUHP

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
The Law ◽  
Shared Commitment ◽  
Crime Of Corruption

AbstractThe spirit of the eradication of corruption is running continually. Various efforts or strategies were arranged to sharpen the power of corruptions’ eradication. One of the strategies is legislation support or comprehend and effective legislation. It was proved by the enactment of Law No. 28 of 1999 on State Implementation of Clean and Free from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism and also Law No. 31 of 1999 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001 on Corruption Eradication. The other related legislation such as Law No. 30 of 2002 on Corruption Eradication Commission and the Law 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering.  Those Supporting legislations show that there is a shared commitment to eradicate corruption. Indonesia has also ratified the UNCAC (United Nations Convention against Corruption) by Law No. 7 of 2006 on the UN Convention (United Nations) Anti-Corruption. Support legislation is expected to provide a deterrent effect for offenders and protecting the rights of citizens has a whole. Keywords: Legislative Support, Criminal Code Draft, Eradication, Crime of Corruption, Pros and Cons    AbstrakSemangat pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi terus bergulir. Berbagai upaya atau strategi dibangun untuk mempertajam kekuatan pemberantasan korupsi. Salah satunya adalah dengan dukungan legislasi atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang komprehensif dan efektif. Dibuktikan dengan lahirnya Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Negara yang Bersih dan Bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme dan Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 1999 sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Adapun undang-undang terkait lainnya seperti UU No. 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan UU No. 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Dukungan legislasi tersebut menunjukkan adanya komitmen bersama untuk memberantas tindak pidana korupsi. Indonesia juga  telah meratifikasi UNCAC (United Nations Convention Against Corruption) dengan UU No. 7 Tahun 2006 tentang Konvensi PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) Anti Korupsi. Dukungan legislasi ini diharapkan memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku sekaligus melindungi hak-hak warga negara secara keseluruhan. Kata Kunci: Dukungan Legislatif, RUU KUHP, Pemberantasan, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Pro dan Kontra

PRZESTĘPSTWA PROWADZENIA POJAZDÓW MECHANICZNYCH W STANIE NIETRZEŹWOŚCI LUB POD WPŁYWEM ŚRODKA ODURZAJĄCEGO (art. 178a § 1 i 4 k.k.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zaczek
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Eu Countries

In the last decade on Polish roads has been recorded every year, at least 70,000 drivingunder the influence. Such statistics put Poland ahead of EU countries with the highest numberof intoxicated drivers. There is also no doubt that the risk of road accidents is increasing alongwith the number of drivers with are drunk. Although there are numerous publications addressingissues of offences relating to driving under the influence, this publication containing the analysisof court cases with this range. This work also presents consideration for actually meted sanctionsand measures against people who committed offences relating to driving under the influence.Article consist an introduction, codex regulation of art. 178a § 1 and 4 of the Polish Criminal Code,statistical considerations and conclusion.

ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA DENDA PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS DI KOTA BENGKULU (DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Apen Diansyah
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui penerapan denda terhadap pelanggar berlalu lintas di kota Bengkulu ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009, serta untuk mengetahui faktor penghambat dalam penerapan pidana denda terhadap pelanggar barlalu lintas di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian dilaksanakan disatuan lalu lintas Polres dan Polda Kota Bengkulu. Adapun data yang didapatkan adalah data primer dan data sekunder melalui penelitian lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan, kemudian data dianalisis dengan cara deskriptif. Peraturan yang tertera pada undang-undang yang tertera sepenuhnya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran untuk setiap pelanggar yang melakukan pelanggaran, tetapi pada kota Bengkulu undang-undang tersebut tidak sepenuhnya berjalan efektif. Menurut pandangan Undang-undang 22 Tahun 2009, penerapan pidana denda masuk dalam kategori pidana pokok (sesuai Pasal 10 KUHP) sebagai urutan terakhir atau keempat, sesudah pidana mati, pidana penjara dan pidana kurungan. Selain dari itu, faktor penghambat keefektifan Undang-undang seperti faktor ekonomi, faktor kedekatan emosional dan faktor kekebalan institusional.Kata kunci: tindak pidana; hukum pidana; dendaABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the application of violators from cities in Bengkulu in terms of Law Number 22 of 2009, and to find out the inhibiting factors in the application of fines to traffic violators in the city of Bengkulu. The research was carried out in the traffic city of the City Police of the City of Bengkulu. The data obtained are primary data and secondary data used for library research and research, then the data are analyzed descriptively. The regulations stated in the law that are fully stated to increase awareness for every offender who commits an offense, but in the city of Bengkulu the law is not fully effective. According to the view of Law 22 of 2009, the application of criminal fines falls into the main criminal category (according to Article 10 of the Criminal Code) as the last or fourth order, after the death penalty, imprisonment and imprisonment. Apart from that, factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the law such as economic factors, emotional proximity factors and institutional immune factors.Keywords: crime; criminal law; fines

An Examination of How DUI-Child Endangerment Laws Are Used in Court

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110252
Author(s):  
Eduardo Romano ◽  
Tara Kelley-Baker ◽  
Eileen P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Each year, about 200 children aged 14 years old (y/o) or less die and another 4,000 are physically injured while being driven by an adult that has been drinking (aged 21 y/o or more). Concerned by this phenomenon, there are a growing number of States implementing Driving Under the Influence – Child Endangerment (DUI-CE) laws to prevent adults from driving under the influence with children. These laws however, have failed to reduce the rates of DUI-CE injuries and fatalities. It has been hypothesized that such a failure occurs, at least in part, because these laws are being pled-down in courts, this study examines this hypothesis. We analyzed DUI-CE related court information collected by court monitors available in the Court Monitoring Database (CMD) provided by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Despite investigating data that included only DUI offenders who were driving with at least one child passenger at the time of the arrest, only 10% of those charged with a DUI felony and 11% of those charged with a misdemeanor were also found guilty of a DUI-CE violation. These findings support the hypothesis that DUI-CE offenses are being pled down in court and probably contribute to the ineffectiveness of DUI-CE laws. Unfortunately, data limitations preclude any decisive conclusions. Future research should focus on increasing our understanding of the DUI-CE problem and understanding why DUI-CE laws are not working toward the goal of deterring and punishing those who endanger the lives of children.

The Law and Drunk Driving

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Laurence Ross ◽  
Leonard Evans ◽  
James B. Jacobs ◽  
Jerome S. Legge Jr. ◽  
R. Jean Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drunk Driving ◽  
The Law

4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Jones
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Driving Scenario

This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

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