scholarly journals Troubles de la personnalité et viol : implications théoriques et cliniques

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Proulx ◽  
Jocelyn Aubut ◽  
Lise Perron ◽  
André McKibben

During the past 30 years, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral theories of rape have evolved considerably. The influence of etio-logic factors related to personality, however, is limited to antisocial traits. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the presence of personality disorders in rapists. Forty-nine incarcerated rapists answered a French translation of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory questionnaire. On the basis of the Avery-Clark and Laws criteria (1983), 31 rapists were classified as less physically violent and 18 as more physically violent. Among the less physically violent rapists, we encountered most frequently avoidant, dependant, passive-aggressive and schizoid personality disorders. Among the more physically violent rapists, an antisocial personality disorder was predominant. The implications of these results concerning rape theories are being discussed.

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Parker

A prisoner with an antisocial personality disorder had almost completed his sentence for attempted murder and there was considerable public concern over his imminent release. The article discusses the many attempts made by the Victorian Government during the past six months to detain him. A recommendation was made to change the Mental Health Act 1986 by including personality disorders as a form of “mental illness”. The outcome of such advice has enormous implications for the practice of psychiatry in Victoria.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Madeline G. Nagel ◽  
Robert D. Latzman ◽  
Scott O. Lilienfeld

We examined the relations between: (1) narcissism, psychopathy, DSM-5 personality disorder symptom counts; and (2) paraphilic interests among undergraduates (N = 608). Base rates of paraphilic interests were appreciable. The disinhibition and meanness features of psychopathy and the entitlement and exploitativeness features of narcissism were robustly associated with paraphilic interests, particularly sexual sadism, whereas the boldness features of narcissism and psychopathy were essentially unrelated to these interests. Narcissism and psychopathy features typically manifested the most pronounced relations with paraphilic interests, although antisocial personality disorder features were also strong predictors. By and large, these relations were comparable across gender. Lastly, there was no evidence that erotophilia mediated the relations between the narcissism and psychopathy features and paraphilic interests, most likely because erotophilia was generally unrelated to paraphilic interests. Relative to other dimensions of personality disorders, facets of meanness and disinhibition from psychopathy and entitlement/exploitativeness facets from narcissism were most associated with paraphilic interests.


2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Aleman

The purpose was to investigate, in a sample of drug abusers, whether subscales in the KAPP (Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile, Weinryb, 1992) interview and defense mechanisms explored by the DMTm (Defense Mechanism Technique modified) could differentiate between DSM-III-R clusters and personality disorders (PDs). Forty-seven (47) subjects out of the 84 injecting drug abusers (56%) recruited from a detoxification hospital ward in Sweden had a primary antisocial PD (ASPD) with a comorbid second DSM-III-R PD diagnosis. Pathology was significant on the KAPP subscales of“Dependency and separation,” “Alexithymic traits,” “Normopathic traits,”“Coping with aggressive affects,” and “Sexual satisfaction” in relation to cluster B (dramatic). All subscales were predominant in patients with ASPD/narcissistic PD, who showed the defense mechanism marked denial. The two latter subscales were related to patients with ASPD/borderline PD, who showed the defense of introaggression and the DMTm sign of disappearance of threat. Finally, some psychoanalytic constructs in KAPP and DMTm showed congruence.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Nanda Audia Vrisaba ◽  
Ktut Dianovinina

Antosocial personality disorder experienced by someone caused them to take deviant actions and violate the norms and values of their surrounding, so that many of them are prisoners who are in custody. This study aims to determine the personality dynamics possessed by prisoner who experienced antisocial personality disorders. The researcher will also identify several causes that make up a person experiencing an antisocial personality disorder. The researcher used a case study method with a qualitative approach. There is one participant in this study, namely Mahmud, an prisoner of a homicide and involved in an abductions case. During the research process, researcher used observation, interviews, and several psychological tests. The finding shows that antisocial personality disorders experienced by participants was not formed when he was in the adult period, but since his childhood some deviant behavior were indicated. In addition, external factors also have influence in forming a person who has an antisocial personality disorder.


Author(s):  
Hilda C. P. Morana

Nous analysons 22 cas diagnostiqués comme Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale poursuivis en justice et bénéficiaires de l’aide légale. Le diagnostic repose sur les critères stricts de la CIM-10 (F60.2) et du DSM-IV (301.7). Tous ces cas sont issus de l’expertise réalisée à l’Institut de Médecine Sociale et de Criminologie de l’état de Sao Paulo (IMESC) qui visait à évaluer leur état mental. L’expertise comprenait une évaluation psychiatrique et le test du Rorschach. D’autres tests psychologiques, des évaluations neurologiques et autres examens complémentaires ont été effectués à la demande. Les procédures judiciaires concernaient toutes des actes criminels. Toutefois on trouve des différences importantes quant à la potentialité criminelle. Ce fait, ainsi que d’autres éléments issus des dossiers, nous a persuadé que non seulement l’on se trouvait devant des potentialités criminelles distinctes mais qu’en outre que d’importantes différences dans la personnalité étaient en jeu, qui ne peuvent être appréhendées par les critères diagnostiques couramment utilisés pour le Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale. En corrélant ces item avec la dynamique psychique donnée par le Rorschach et inférée des anamnèses des sujets, nous avons trouvé dans notre échantillon quatre sous-types bien distincts de Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale, pour lesquels nous avons gardé la terminologie psychiatrique classique, et qui ne peuvent être considérés simplement comme des variantes individuelles. Cela ne veut pas dire, compte tenu des limitations de notre échantillon, qu’il ne pourrait exister d’autres sous-type. Dans le groupe diagnostiqué comme Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale, nous avons trouvé les quatre sous-types suivants: instabilité (8 cas), caractère pervers (7 cas), explosivité (5 cas) et asthénie (2 cas). Bien que nous n’ayons pas procédé à des analyses statistiques, cette étude qualitative représente le point de départ d’une ligne d’investigation que les auteurs ont l’intention de poursuivre concernant le problème des troubles spécifiques de la personnalité. L’analyse porte sur les données démographiques, l’histoire personnelle, les antécédents, les épisodes cliniques, l’histoire des faits incriminés et l’âge auquel ils ont été commis, ainsi que sur les item diagnostiques. Les résultats du Rorschach sont présentés dans des tableaux et interprétés en référence à l’échantillon composé de 10 sujets non consultants qu’utilise Silveira (23) pour la standardisation du Rorschach à la population brésilienne. Dans la conclusion générale, nous mettons l’accent sur les aspects de la dynamique complexe du psychisme qui ont trait à la répercussion. L’un de ces aspects concerne des modalités particulières de la perception et de la pensée. L’autre aspect est lié à l’assertion donnée dans la définition du Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale à la CIM-10: “incapacité de se conformer aux normes et règles sociales et aux obligations sociales.” En ce qui concerne le type d’infraction, nous avons observé que (1)dans le type explosif, ce sont les atteintes physiques et l’alcoolisation qui prédominent; (2)dans le caractère pervers, on trouve surtout des homicides (y compris attaque à main armée), utilisation de cannabis et absence de troubles épileptiformes, ainsi que des traumatismes accidentels; (3)on trouve une plus grande variété d’actes criminels ainsi que des addictions à la cocaïne dans le type instable. Les troubles associés à l’épilepsie prédominent dans les types antisocial et instable. Les auteurs estiment que les résultats de la présente étude intéressent les procédures épidémiologiques, d’expertise et de traitement, notamment en ce qui concerne les conséquences judiciaires et les possibilités de réhabilitation psychosociale des personnes qui présentent un Trouble de la Personnalité Antisociale.


2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Fridell ◽  
Morton Hesse

Aim: To assess the diagnostic concordance of SCID-II and clinicians' estimation of DSM-III-R personality disorders of substance abusers. Method: Clinical diagnoses of substance abusers in inpatient treatment were compared with SCID-II diagnoses (N = 138). Findings: The overall prevalence of personality disorder was 79% for clinical diagnosis and 80% for SCID-II diagnosis. Substantial agreement was found for borderline personality disorder, and moderate agreement was found for presence of any personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. All other disorders had slight to fair agreement. Antisocial personality disorder was overdiagnosed by clinical diagnosis but schizotypal, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and masochistic personality disorders were reported more often by SCID-II. Selecting only the primary clinical diagnosis and omitting additional clinical diagnoses, reduced agreement with SCID-II diagnoses. Implications: Clinical diagnosis and structured interviews are not interchangeable, and produce somewhat different profiles of diagnoses for a group of substance abusers, but the two methods for diagnosing personality disorders converge for the two most common personality disorders in substance abusers. Rare and less-known diagnoses tend to be underreported whereas common and well-known disorders tend to be slightly overdiagnosed by clinical diagnosis as compared with a semistructured interview, especially if only one clinical diagnosis is noted.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Fabbro ◽  
Cristiano Crescentini

AbstractEpisodic memory is one of the most significant sources of information of humans. It entails cooperative and linguistic skills and, as Mahr & Csibra (M&C) note, the capacity to ground veridical beliefs about the past. In some psychiatric disorders (antisocial personality disorder and conduct disorder), it was found that the habit of lying is associated with episodic memory and consciousness deficits.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy R. Reeves ◽  
Frederick A. Struve ◽  
Gloria Patrick

Previous investigations of the role of EEG in predicting response of aggressive patients to valproate therapy have yielded mixed results. In this study of borderline and antisocial personality disorder patients hospitalized with aggressive behavior, EEGs were obtained prior to treatment with valproate. Eight of 22 (36.4%) patients subsequently responsive to valproate had nonepileptiform EEG abnormalities, while 5 of 20 (25%) patients not responsive to valproate had nonepileptiform EEG abnormalities. Although more of the valproate responders than nonresponders had EEG abnormalities, the presence of nonepileptiform EEG abnormalities was not a statistically significant (X2 = 0.213, df = 1, p = 0.64) predictor of valproate response in personality disorder patients with aggression.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document