scholarly journals Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes and Their Relation to Cognitive Functioning, Mood States, and Combat Stress Symptomatology in Deploying U.S. Soldiers

2012 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hanson ◽  
Mark D. Haub ◽  
Jennifer J Walker ◽  
Daniel T. Johnston ◽  
Briana S. Nelson Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Examining the Interplay Among Negative Emotionality, Cognitive Functioning, and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dione M. Healey ◽  
David J. Marks ◽  
Jeffrey M. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractCognition and emotion, traditionally thought of as largely distinct, have recently begun to be conceptualized as dynamically linked processes that interact to influence functioning. This study investigated the moderating effects of cognitive functioning on the relationship between negative emotionality and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity. A total of 216 (140 hyperactive/inattentive; 76 typically developing) preschoolers aged 3–4 years were administered a neuropsychological test battery (i.e., NEPSY). To avoid method bias, child negative emotionality was rated by teachers (Temperament Assessment Battery for Children-Revised), and parents rated symptom severity on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV). Hierarchical Linear Regression analyses revealed that both negative emotionality and Perceptual-Motor & Executive Functions accounted for significant unique variance in ADHD symptom severity. Significant interactions indicated that when negative emotionality is low, but not high, neuropsychological functioning accounts for significant variability in ADHD symptoms, with lower functioning predicting more symptoms. Emotional and neuropsychological functioning, both individually and in combination, play a significant role in the expression of ADHD symptom severity. (JINS, 2011, 17, 502–510)

Characterizing adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder: ADHD symptoms, psychopathology, cognitive functioning and psychosocial factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. O’Malley ◽  
L. McHugh ◽  
N. Mac Giollabhui ◽  
J. Bramham
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Axis I

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize adults with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) with regard to ADHD symptoms, psychopathology, cognitive functioning and psychosocial factors.MethodA between-group design compared a group of individuals diagnosed with ADHD (n = 40) with a group diagnosed with BPD and who also met the criteria for ADHD (ADHD + BPD) (n = 20).ResultsSignificant differences were observed for both childhood and current impulsivity symptoms, whereby ADHD + BPD exhibited increased impulsivity; no differences on self-report and cognitive measures of impulsivity were reported. The ADHD + BPD group scored significantly higher on measures of depression, anxiety and numerous other axis I and II conditions. The ADHD + BPD group scored significantly lower on most measures of intellectual functioning and attention, however largely not on those relating to response inhibition. Furthermore, group differences were observed for psychosocial factors, including education, substance use and criminal record.ConclusionComorbid ADHD and BPD is characterized by more symptoms of impulsivity, additional psychopathology, comparatively lower intellectual and attentional functioning and increased psychosocial difficulties.

scholarly journals Responsivity of the striatal dopamine system to methylphenidate – a within-subject I-123-β-CIT-SPECT study in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Aster ◽  
Marcel Romanos ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Manfred Gerlach ◽  
Andreas Muehlberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Symptom Ratings

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MPH binds to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), which has high density in the striatum. Assessments of the striatal dopamine transporter by single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) in childhood and adolescent patients are rare but can provide insight in how effects of MPH affect DAT availability. The aim of our within-subject study was to investigate the effect of MPH on DAT availability and how responsivity to MPH in DAT availability is linked to clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. Methods: Thirteen adolescent male patients (9-16 years) with diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV and long-term stimulant medication (for at least 6 months) with MPH were assessed twice within 7 days using SPECT after application of I-123-beta-CIT to examine DAT binding potential (DAT BP). SPECT measures took place in on and off-MPH status balanced for order across participants. A virtual-reality continuous-performance test was performed at each time point. Further clinical symptoms were assessed for baseline off-MPH. Results: On-MPH status was associated with a highly significant decrease (-27,6%) of striatal DAT BP as compared to off-MPH (t=4.93, p<0.001). More pronounced decrease in striatal DAT BP was associated with higher off-MPH attentional and externalizing symptom ratings (Pearson r=0.68, p=0.01). Striatal DAT BP off-MPH, but not on- MPH, was associated with higher symptom ratings off-MPH (Pearson r=0.56, p=0.04). In further exploratory analysis in left vs. right striatal sub-regions, stronger decrease in DAT BP in the right caudate nucleus was weakly associated with improved performance in the continuous-performance test (Pearson r= - 0.54, p=0.07). Conclusion: Our findings corroborate previous reports from mainly adult samples that MPH reduces striatal DAT BP availability and suggest higher off-MPH DAT BP, likely reflecting low baseline DA levels, as a marker of symptom severity. More speculatively, regional specific responsivity of DAT BP to MPH may reflect treatment response with respect to cognitive functioning. However, implications from this small patient sample should be treated with caution and warrant replication.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Tripp ◽  
Junita Ryan ◽  
Kathryn Peace
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Objective: To compare the global cognitive functioning and frontal lobe functioning of children with and without DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants were 6 to 10 year old, clinic-referred children diagnosed with combined type ADHD, who were medication naïve; and an age (± 3 months) and sex matched group of children without behaviour problems. The performance of the two groups were compared on measures of intellectual functioning and tests designed to assess the functions of the frontal lobes (verbal and-non-verbal fluency, reasoning, problem solving, spatial working memory, attention). Results: The children with ADHD obtained significantly lower Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition IQ scores than controls and performed more poorly across the range of frontal lobe tests. Group differences on these tests were attenuated when IQ scores were included in the analyses as a covariate. Conclusions: Children with combined type ADHD have mild to moderate global cognitive impairment together with some impairment of functions subserved by the frontal lobes. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if the deficit in global cognitive functioning is a primary deficit or secondary to the deficit in frontal lobe functioning. The importance of neuropsychological assessment and follow-up for children with ADHD is stressed. Study limitations relate to the generalizability of the findings and the absence of a psychiatric control group.

scholarly journals The key role of daytime sleepiness in cognitive functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Helfer ◽  
Natali Bozhilova ◽  
Ruth E. Cooper ◽  
Joanna I. Douzenis ◽  
Stefanos Maltezos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Short Period

Abstract Background. Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently suffer from sleep problems and report high levels of daytime sleepiness compared to neurotypical controls, which has detrimental effect on quality of life. Methods. We evaluated daytime sleepiness in adults with ADHD compared to neurotypical controls using an observer-rated sleepiness protocol during the Sustained Attention Response Task as well as electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing, a quantitative electroencephalographic measure collected during a short period of wakeful rest. Results. We found that adults with ADHD were significantly sleepier than neurotypical controls during the cognitive task and that this on-task sleepiness contributed to cognitive performance deficits usually attributed to symptoms of ADHD. EEG slowing predicted severity of ADHD symptoms and diagnostic status, and was also related to daytime sleepiness. Frontal EEG slowing as well as increased frontal delta were especially prominent in adults with ADHD. We have validated and adapted an objective observer-rated measure for assessing on-task sleepiness that will contribute to future sleep research in psychology and psychiatry. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the cognitive performance deficits routinely attributed to ADHD and often conceptualized as cognitive endophenotypes of ADHD are largely due to on-task sleepiness and not exclusively due to ADHD symptom severity. Daytime sleepiness plays a major role in cognitive functioning of adults with ADHD.

No lower cognitive functioning in older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1467-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Semeijn ◽  
N. C. M. Korten ◽  
H. C. Comijs ◽  
M. Michielsen ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

ABSTRACTBackground:Research illustrates cognitive deficits in children and younger adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Few studies have focused on the cognitive functioning in older adults. This study investigates the association between ADHD and cognitive functioning in older adults.Methods:Data were collected in a cross-sectional side study of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). A diagnostic interview to diagnose ADHD was administered among a subsample (N = 231, age 60–94). ADHD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) 2.0. Cognitive functioning was assessed with tests in the domains of executive functioning, information processing speed, memory, and attention/working memory.Results:Regression analyses indicate that ADHD diagnosis and ADHD severity were only negatively associated with cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. When adjusting for depression, these associations were no longer significant.Conclusion:The study shows that ADHD in older adults is associated with lower cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. However, this was partly explained by depressive symptoms.

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