scholarly journals The key role of daytime sleepiness in cognitive functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Helfer ◽  
Natali Bozhilova ◽  
Ruth E. Cooper ◽  
Joanna I. Douzenis ◽  
Stefanos Maltezos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Short Period

Abstract Background. Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently suffer from sleep problems and report high levels of daytime sleepiness compared to neurotypical controls, which has detrimental effect on quality of life. Methods. We evaluated daytime sleepiness in adults with ADHD compared to neurotypical controls using an observer-rated sleepiness protocol during the Sustained Attention Response Task as well as electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing, a quantitative electroencephalographic measure collected during a short period of wakeful rest. Results. We found that adults with ADHD were significantly sleepier than neurotypical controls during the cognitive task and that this on-task sleepiness contributed to cognitive performance deficits usually attributed to symptoms of ADHD. EEG slowing predicted severity of ADHD symptoms and diagnostic status, and was also related to daytime sleepiness. Frontal EEG slowing as well as increased frontal delta were especially prominent in adults with ADHD. We have validated and adapted an objective observer-rated measure for assessing on-task sleepiness that will contribute to future sleep research in psychology and psychiatry. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the cognitive performance deficits routinely attributed to ADHD and often conceptualized as cognitive endophenotypes of ADHD are largely due to on-task sleepiness and not exclusively due to ADHD symptom severity. Daytime sleepiness plays a major role in cognitive functioning of adults with ADHD.

scholarly journals Featured Article: Technology Use and Sleep in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Bourchtein ◽  
Joshua M Langberg ◽  
Caroline N Cusick ◽  
Rosanna P Breaux ◽  
Zoe R Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Objectives This study used a multi-informant approach to examine differences in types and rates of technology used by adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associations between technology use and sleep/daytime sleepiness, and whether technology use was differentially related to sleep/daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD. Methods Eighth graders with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited. Adolescents completed questionnaires assessing time spent using technology, sleep-wake problems, school-night time in bed, and daytime sleepiness. Parents and teachers reported on adolescents’ technology use and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Results Adolescents with ADHD had significantly greater total technology, television/movie viewing, video game, and phone/video chatting use than adolescents without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD engaged in twice as much daily video game use compared to those without ADHD (61 vs. 31 min). Controlling for medication use, ADHD status, pubertal development, sex, and internalizing symptoms, greater parent- and adolescent-reported technology use was associated with more sleep-wake problems and less time in bed. ADHD status did not moderate the relations between technology use and these sleep parameters. In contrast, ADHD status moderated the association between parent-reported technology use and teacher-reported daytime sleepiness, such that this association was significant only for adolescents with ADHD. Conclusions Technology use, although more prevalent in adolescents with ADHD, is linked with more sleep problems and reduced school-night sleep duration regardless of ADHD status. Technology use is associated with teacher-rated daytime sleepiness only in adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should consider technology usage when assessing and treating sleep problems.

scholarly journals Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes and Their Relation to Cognitive Functioning, Mood States, and Combat Stress Symptomatology in Deploying U.S. Soldiers

2012 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hanson ◽  
Mark D. Haub ◽  
Jennifer J Walker ◽  
Daniel T. Johnston ◽  
Briana S. Nelson Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals SLEEP: intervention with weighted blankets for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep problems: study protocol for a randomised control trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e047509
Author(s):  
Ingrid Larsson ◽  
Katarina Aili ◽  
Jens M Nygren ◽  
Pia Johansson ◽  
Håkan Jarbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Introduction and objectivesChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of sleep problems. Weighted blankets are one possible non-pharmacological intervention for these problems in this group of children. However, the effectiveness of weighted blankets is insufficiently investigated. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of weighted blankets in terms of sleep, health-related outcomes and cost-effectiveness as well as to explore children’s and parents’ experiences of a sleep intervention with weighted blankets.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial comparing the effect of weighted fibre blankets (active) with fibre blankets without weight (control). Children aged 6–13 years, recently diagnosed with uncomplicated ADHD with verified sleep problems, were included in the study. The study period is 4 weeks for each condition, respectively, and then an 8-week follow-up. A total of 100 children diagnosed with ADHD and sleep problems will enter the study. The primary outcomes are sleep and cost per quality-adjusted life years. The secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life, ADHD symptoms, psychological distress and anxiety. Interviews with a subsample of the participating children and parents will be conducted for exploring the experiences of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of the trial has been obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (number 2019–-2158) and conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (WMA, 2013). Results will be reported as presentations at peer-review conferences, in articles in peer-review journals and meetings with healthcare providers.Trial registration numberNCT04180189.

scholarly journals Sleep problems in children with autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Ju Tsai ◽  
Huey-Ling Chiang ◽  
Chi-Mei Lee ◽  
Susan Shur-Fen Gau ◽  
Wang-Tso Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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