The Seven P's in Battalion Level Combat Health Support in the Military Operations in Urban Terrain Environment: The Fallujah Experience, Summer 2003 to Spring 2004

The Korean peninsula is under increasing threat of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) from neighboring countries; EMP protection facilities are an essential means of ensuring the operational readiness of the military. However, existing EMP protection facilities are manufactured as fixed-weight structures, which limit the mobility of military operations and lead to the misconception of EMP protection as something only required for higher command. The current military and official EMP protection standards require only a uniform shielding effectiveness of 80 dB. Therefore, this study aims to differentiate the existing uniform level of shielding effectiveness of 80 dB into 80 dB, 60 dB, 40 dB, etc. Further, it seeks to derive the factors to be considered when applying various methods, such as shielding rooms, shielding racks, site redundancy, spare equipment, and portable lightweight protective tents, for recovery of failure, instead of the existing protection facilities that rely on shielded rooms by the Delphi analysis. Then, the applicability of lightweight EMP protection is determined after selecting lightweight materials to build a facility. The electromagnetic shielding performance of 21 types of materials was measured in the 30 MHz–1.5 GHz frequency band using ASTM-D-4935-10. The results showed the possibility of developing a lightweight EMP shielding facility, which would save approximately 316,386 tons of concrete, reducing the CO2 emissions by approximately 9,972,489 tons. Assuming that the Korean carbon transaction price is USD 50/ton CO2, the savings are equivalent to USD 49,862,435.

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Art. XX. An Account of the Religious Opinions and Observances of the Khonds of Goomsur and Boad

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00155819 ◽

1843 ◽

Vol 7 (13) ◽

pp. 172-199

Author(s):

Samuel Charters Maopherson

Keyword(s):

General Interest ◽

Military Operations ◽

The Public ◽

Cape Of Good Hope ◽

The Military

[Note. Several years ago, at the close of the military operations of the Madras Government in Goomsur, Captain (then Lieutenant) Macpherson executed by order of government a survey of the country, and in that service lost his health. From the Cape of Good Hope, whither he had gone for its recovery, he transmitted his notes on the religion of the Khonds to a relative in this country, who considered them to possess so much novelty and general interest, that he presented them to the Society, upon his own responsibility, and without the sanction of the writer: and a few additions having been since made, the paper is now laid before the public.]

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Proportionality under Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello: Clarifying their Relationship

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223711000082 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 107-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raphaël van Steenberghe

Keyword(s):

Case Law ◽

Military Operations ◽

Military Operation ◽

Jus In Bello ◽

Jus Ad Bellum ◽

Legal Literature ◽

State Practice ◽

The Individual ◽

The Military ◽

The Relationship

Proportionality is a condition provided under both jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Based on a particular interpretation of state practice and international case law, recent legal literature argues that the two notions of proportionality are interrelated in that proportionality under jus in bello is included in the assessment of proportionality under jus ad bellum. This article seeks to refute such a position and, more generally, to clarify the relationship between the two notions of proportionality.The main argument of the article is in line with the traditional position regarding the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. It is argued that, although sharing common features and being somewhat interconnected, the notions of proportionality provided under these two separate branches of international law remain independent of each other, mainly because of what is referred to in this article as the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which characterises their relations. Proportionality under jus ad bellum is to be measured against the military operation as a whole, whereas proportionality under jus in bello is to be assessed against individual military attacks launched in the framework of this operation.This article nonetheless emphasises the risk of overlap between the assessments of the two notions of proportionality when the use of force involves only one or a few military operations. Indeed, in such situations, the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which normally enables one to make a distinct assessment between the two notions of proportionality, is no longer applicable since it becomes impossible to distinguish between the military operation as a whole and the individual military attacks undertaken during this operation.

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Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv202091218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 220-225

Author(s):

Olga Yuryevna Igoshina

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

The Internet ◽

Electronic Database ◽

Military Operations ◽

Great Patriotic War ◽

Archival Documents ◽

Historical Truth ◽

The Military ◽

Mass Sources ◽

Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

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Utilization of health services for skin disorders during military operations. A population- based study

Dermatology Reports ◽

10.4081/dr.2020.8648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Amir Horev ◽

Shanny Edan-Reuven ◽

Ron Eshel ◽

Lena Novack

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Population Based ◽

Routine Care ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Military Operations ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Utilization Of Health Services ◽

Skin Conditions ◽

The Military

In addition to the immediate casualties of armed conflicts, their indirect impact may bring even more damage by causing malfunctioning of health systems and impaired access to diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a population-based study, to assess the utilization rates of health services due to skin disorders, among civilians exposed to missile attacks and siren alarms during three military operations in Israel. The study was designed as a natural experiment, whereas periods of military operations were compared to the non-military times. During the military operations, when sirens and missiles were an everyday experience, the number of visits to dermatologists was 1.07-1.16 times lower [Relative Risk (RR)=0.86-0.92] as compared to the non-military periods, especially evident for patients residing closer to the military zone, where it dropped almost 2- folds (RR=0.52). Although perceived nonurgent in their majority, the routine care should not be delayed to prevent more serious skin conditions.

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An Assessment of Special Military Operations in Internal Security Management in Nigeria (1966-2019)

Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem ◽

10.33674/120206 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 123-153

Author(s):

Muhammad Maigari Abdullahi ◽

Usman Ahmad Karofi ◽

Uthman Abdullahi Abdul-Quadir ◽

Ibrahim Arafat

Keyword(s):

Security Management ◽

Time Frame ◽

Military Coup ◽

Military Operations ◽

Foreign Missions ◽

Internal Security ◽

Special Operations ◽

Domestic Security ◽

Security Operations ◽

The Military

This article identifies different operational codenames adopted by the Nigerian military in special domestic operations from 1966-2019 and examined whether the operations were executed in line with the codenames. In Nigeria, the military has an established tradition of codenaming special operations, in both internal and foreign missions. Since 1966, the Nigerian military has been involved in internal security management and codenamed all the operations using both English and local language names. The aftermath of the first military coup d'état on 15th January 1966, was the beginning of military involvement in domestic security operations in addition to their constitutional responsibility of defending the territorial integrity of the country. The Effect Perspective (TEP) is adopted as the theoretical framework which gives proper nuance to the study. Methodologically, data were elicited through in-depth interviews. The findings explain why several military operations have failed to achieve the objectives of their codenames. It concludes that there is no correlation between the operational codenames and their outcomes of special military operations in Nigeria because the desired results of restoring peace have not been achieved within the specific time frame given when they were launched. The paper concludes that the majority of special military operations launched in Nigeria failed below expectations and unable to restore peace in their country in line with the operational codenames as a result of factors identified in the study.

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