scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ

В статье анализируются боевые действия на территории нашей республики, проходившие в годы Великой Отечественной войны в 1942 г. Актуальность исследования боевых действий обусловлена тем, что история второй мировой войны, несмотря на интенсивную разработку ее проблем на протяжении всех лет последующих после ее завершения, все еще таит в себе много слабоосвещенных или совсем неизученных страниц. Цель исследования – на примере подвигов воинов Северной Осетии, сражавшихся на всех фронтах Великой Отечественной войны, показать героизм, мужество, патриотизм всех участников боевых действий. Несмотря на то, что прошло уже больше 75 лет, необходимо продолжить поиск сведений обо всех активных участниках Великой Отечественной войны, партизанского движения, подпольной борьбы в тылу врага и движения Сопротивления. Есть потребность в изучении таких моментов истории, как борьба трудящихся Северной Осетии в тылу немецко-фашистских захватчиков, героизм рабочего класса, колхозного крестьянства Северной Осетии в период войны, провал оккупационной политики немцев в России, а в частности на Кавказе. В данном исследовании были рассмотрены монографии, статьи, архивные документы, на основе которых были сделаны выводы о том, что события, происходившие на территории Северной Осетии в 1942 г., внесли свой вклад в победу над немецкой армией в Битве за Кавказ и в дальнейшее освобождение нашей страны от немецко-фашистских захватчиков. Столица Северной Осетии ‒ Владикавказ по праву остается в истории городом, который не только выстоял в самый критический период Великой Отечественной войны, но вселил уверенность в окончательном разгроме немецкой армии. Удар по немецко-фашистским войскам под Владикавказом стал прологом наступления наших войск под Сталинградом, началом общего наступления советских войск на других фронтах Великой Отечественной войны. The article analyzes the military operations on the territory of our republic, which took place during the Great Patriotic War in 1942. The relevance of the study of military operations is accounted by the fact that the history of the Second World War, despite the intensive development of its problems throughout all the years following its completion, still conceals many not comprehensively lit and explored pages. On the example of the exploits of the soldiers of North Ossetia, who fought on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War. It is important to show the heroism, courage, and patriotism of all participants in the fighting. Despite the fact that more than 75 years have passed, it is necessary to continue searching for information about all the active participants of the Great Patriotic War, the partisan movement, the underground struggle behind enemy lines and the resistance movement, to continue studying such historical moments as the struggle of the working people of North Ossetia in the rear of the Nazi invaders, the heroism of the working class, the collective farm peasantry of North Ossetia during the war, the failure of the occupation policy of the Germans in Russia, and in particular in the Caucasus. In this study, monographs, articles, and archival documents were considered, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn that the events that took place on the territory of North Ossetia in 1942 contributed to the victory over the German army in the Battle for the Caucasus, and to the further liberation of our country from the Nazi invaders. The capital of North Ossetia, the city of Vladikavkaz, rightfully remains in history a city that not only survived the most critical period of the Great Patriotic War, but also inspired confidence in the final defeat of the German army. The attack on the German-fascist troops at Vladikavkaz was the prologue of the offensive of our troops at Stalingrad, the beginning of the general offensive of the Soviet troops on other fronts of the Great Patriotic War.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.


2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Татьяна Васильевна Галкина

Подведены первые итоги реализации Всероссийского патриотического мегапроекта «Карта Победы – 2025» применительно к г. Томску и Томской области на примере локального патриотического проекта «Тыловой Томск на Карте Победы». Одна из целей проекта – выявление неучтенных потерь мирного населения Томской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Впервые в научный оборот введены архивные сведения Департамента записи актов гражданского состояния (ЗАГС) Томской области о количестве записей актов о смерти, зарегистрированных территориальными отделами ЗАГС за период с 1940 по 1945 г. При этом количество человеческих потерь оказалось настолько чудовищным, что сравнимо с военными потерями Томской области за годы Великой Отечественной войны: военных потерь – 60 619 человек, тыловых – 59 159. В свете этих данных представляется необходимым дальнейшее изучение феномена «тыл как социально ответственная территория». Полученные данные открывают новый пласт исторических реалий военного времени в глубоком сибирском тылу, которые необходимо оценивать с позиций нацистского геноцида против народов СССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Представлены организационно-педагогические технологии реализации проекта «Тыловой Томск на Карте Победы», содержащего научно-исследовательскую (историческую) и презентационную (с использованием технологии дополненной реальности – QR-кодирования) части. Многоплановость и сложность реализации патриотического проекта по тыловой проблематике являются незаменимым «полигоном» для закрепления профессиональных компетенций будущего учителя-патриота. The article is devoted to the first results of the implementation of the All-Russian Patriotic Mega-Project “Victory Map – 2025” in relation to the city of Tomsk and the Tomsk region on the example of the local patriotic project “Rear Tomsk on the Victory Map”. One of the goals of the project was to identify unaccounted losses of the civilian population of the Tomsk region during the Great Patriotic War. The article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation archival information of the Department of Civil Registration of the Tomsk region on the number of death records registered by the territorial departments of the registry office for the period from 1940 to 1945. At the same time, the number of human losses was so mon strous that it is comparable to the military losses of the Tomsk region during the Great Patriotic War: military losses – 60,619 people, rear losses – 59159 people. In the light of these data, it seems necessary to further study the phenomenon of “rear as a socially responsible territory”. The obtained figures open a new layer of historical realities of wartime in the deep Siberian rear, which was one of the bridgeheads of an invisible, but no less terrible war with huge human losses among the civilian population. The article presents organizational and pedagogical technologies for the implementation of the project “Rear Tomsk on the Victory Map”, containing research (historical) and presentation (using augmented reality technology – QR-coding) parts. The multifaceted and complexity of the implementation of the patriotic project on logistics issues is an indispensable “testing ground” for consolidating the professional competencies of the future patriotic teacher.


2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T.V. Tishkina

The process of forming the fund and the features of the military-historical exposition of the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul is considered. The institution has been operating since 2008 under the direction of O.V. Kakotkina. Museum Fund it is more than 12, 5 thousand of items. Considerable attention has been paid to manning collections reflecting wartime events. The article analyzes the exposition of the hall “Education in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)”. The museum staff and artist-designer N.A. Burdina carried out the exposition. When creating the exposition, the principles of scientificness, subjectivity and communication are observed. Over 230 exhibits are presented in the sections of the exposition: letters, photos, awards, archival documents, household items 1930-1940, artifacts obtained as a result of excavations at battlefields in the Novgorod region, etc. A variety of modern museum equipment was used to accommodate them. About 7000 people visit the museum annually. They get acquainted with the exposition of the hall during museum or in their own. It is noted that the activities of the museum are important for the preservation, study and promotion of the heritage of Barnaul educators.


2018 ◽  
pp. 1051-1059
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Bogdanov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir G. Ostapyuk ◽  
Natalya A. Zhukova ◽  
◽  
...  

The article considers one aspect of everyday life of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months of the Great Patriotic War, which had been carefully concealed by official Soviet propaganda. Throughout all postwar decades up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian historical science continued to reproduce the myth of absolute unity of the Soviet society and mass patriotic enthusiasm of the working class, kolkhoz peasants and intelligentsia in the face of enemy aggression. And yet archival documents of the state security agencies reveal numerous facts and distinctive features of anti-Soviet manifestations among various socio-professional groups of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months following the German invasion in the Soviet territory. These facts show that the imminent war had a serious impact on the inner world of the inhabitants of the Northern capital of the Soviet Union, exacerbating numerous problems that had accumulated in the Soviet society in the decades before the war. The article mostly draws on the recently declassified situation reports of the People's Commissariat of State Security for the city of Leningrad and the Leningrad region from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. It deals with such occurrences of anti-state sentiment as panic rumors, anti-Soviet agitation, listening to the radio-broadcasts of hostile states, distribution of anti-Soviet leaflets, planning pogroms of local party and state leaders. It analyses key features of anti-Soviet manifestations among urban and rural population. It contains information on the first manifestations of collaboration among those inhabitants of the Leningrad region, who had ended up in the territory occupied by the German troops. It studies mechanics of repressive activities of state security bodies caused by restructuring of Soviet society, while the military operations began.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Huniya Shahid ◽  
Munam Ali Shah ◽  
Ahmad Almogren ◽  
Hasan Ali Khattak ◽  
Ikram Ud Din ◽  
...  

The rapid advancement in information and communication technology has revolutionized military departments and their operations. This advancement also gave birth to the idea of the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT). The IoBT refers to the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with military operations on the battlefield. Various IoBT-based frameworks have been developed for the military. Nonetheless, many of these frameworks fail to maintain a high Quality of Service (QoS) due to the demanding and critical nature of IoBT. This study makes the use of mist computing while leveraging machine learning. Mist computing places computational capabilities on the edge itself (mist nodes), e.g., on end devices, wearables, sensors, and micro-controllers. This way, mist computing not only decreases latency but also saves power consumption and bandwidth as well by eliminating the need to communicate all data acquired, produced, or sensed. A mist-based version of the IoTNetWar framework is also proposed in this study. The mist-based IoTNetWar framework is a four-layer structure that aims at decreasing latency while maintaining QoS. Additionally, to further minimize delays, mist nodes utilize machine learning. Specifically, they use the delay-based K nearest neighbour algorithm for device-to-device communication purposes. The primary research objective of this work is to develop a system that is not only energy, time, and bandwidth-efficient, but it also helps military organizations with time-critical and resources-critical scenarios to monitor troops. By doing so, the system improves the overall decision-making process in a military campaign or battle. The proposed work is evaluated with the help of simulations in the EdgeCloudSim. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework can achieve decreased network latency of 0.01 s and failure rate of 0.25% on average while maintaining high QoS in comparison to existing solutions.


Author(s):  
Vera P. Litovchenko ◽  
Alyona N. ZHIVOTOVA

In the face of increasing falsification of the Great Patriotic War facts, the evidence of contemporary witnesses and the objective coverage of those events are becoming increasingly important. In this regard, the creative writing by Russian writers and poets is especially significant, especially first and foremost by those who personally took part in combat during the military operations against the Nazi aggression or worked on the home front. The following article is devoted to writers and poets of Tyumen, namely to the alumni and faculty from the University of Tyumen, on whose fate and creative writing the Great Patriotic War left its deep trails, becoming the major topic of their writing. Their names and biographies were revealed in the course of research in 2015-2020. The authors have collected the students’ and academic staff’s stories about their parts in the war and their meditations, which has substantially supplemented the data about the University’s history during the war and its contribution to the Victory. Using the historical biographical and comparative approaches, the authors have studied war-time biographies of the Tyumen authors, presented little known facts of their frontline and working life, as well as analyzed their reflections in the following literary creative work of the Tyumenians, of which memoirs and non-fiction prose have become the most prolific genres. This article comprises biographical data on eleven war veterans, home front workers, and children of war — writers and poets, closely related to one of the leading university of Tyumen and the Tyumen Region.


2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Tomasz WÓJTOWICZ ◽  
Izabela BARSZNICA ◽  
Kamil DRĄG

The Russian military intervention in Syria, conducted between September 2015 and March 2016, was one of the crucial moments in the Middle East conflict which has evolved since 2011. It not only prevented the collapse of the regime of Bashar al-Assad but also enabled the initiative to be taken by the Syrian Arab Army. The simultaneous conducting of two military operations by the Russian army, i.e. the Russian involvement in both Ukraine and the Middle East, requires thorough investigations into the course of these operations. Such investigations may provide answers to a number of questions which appear of key importance to Poland, e.g., regarding Russia’s logistic and technological abilities to conduct military operations outside its territory, the military outcomes of the Russian intervention, and the potential social opposition to the human losses sustained by Russia as a result of such interventions. Considering the above, the aim of this article is to outline the Russian military intervention in Syria, and its influence on the course of the war. Special attention was paid to such issues as the causes behind the Russian intervention, the situation on the Syrian war frontlines prior to this intervention, the Russian forces engaged and the resources intended for this military operation, as well as its outcome.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Petr Hruza ◽  
Jiri Cerny

Abstract The internet has to be considered a very dangerous battlefield. Nobody is secure. It is a paradox that those countries which do not feel vulnerable may be the most threatened by cyber war. This applies primarily to western powers and fast developing countries. Cyberattack may easily be ordered through the internet. Such an attack is cheaper than an attack by conventional weapons and at the same time it causes bigger economic losses. It is obvious from the military standpoint that cyberattacks and defence against them have to be an indispensable part of military activities. The reason is that the military consider the internet and virtual space to be the fifth area of employment of their forces, besides land, air, water and space. It is stated in the hypotheses that cyber activities will be an inseparable part of future military operations. The key objective will be to achieve information supremacy or information dominance on the battlefield. Thus developed countries develop and introduce new cyber weapons with the aim of striking the enemy´s command and control structures, its logistics, transport, early warning systems and other vitally important military functions at any time upon receiving an order.


Author(s):  
Svetlana Probirskaja

This article identifies narratives, or storylines, which represent Soviet/Russian wartime/military interpreters.  The data include the autobiographical writings of interpreters, documentaries, media articles, scholarly articles, and websites. The examination of the data proceeds to some extent in accordance with the narrative typology provided by Mona Baker (2006), that is, from general to personal narratives, with the assumption that personal narratives are embedded in collective narratives. The positioning of wartime interpreters participating in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) is compared to that of military interpreters participating in the military operations of the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. A narrative reading of the data uncovers the storylines that portray wartime/military interpreters as quiet war heroes.


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