Drug-Induced Dysphagia

Abstract Dysphagia is commonly defined as difficulty swallowing. Although the disorder can have several causes, the patient's medication is often overlooked as a source of the problem. This type of dysphagia, one of the most readily corrected, is known as drug-induced dysphagia. A thorough literature search was undertaken to determine the potential for drug-induced dysphagia. Drug-induced dysphagia can be classified into one of three categories: dysphagia as a side effect, dysphagia as a complication of therapeutic action, and medication-induced esophageal injury. Examples of medications in each category are provided based on therapeutic classification. Specifically, the role of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis and the agents that have been linked with dysphagia are discussed. The most valuable method of preventing drug-induced dysphagia is obtaining a thorough and accurate medication history from each patient. Other prevention strategies and compensatory techniques are also explored.

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Uncover the Underlying Mechanism of Drug-Induced Myopathy by Using Systems Biology Approaches

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2017/9264034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Dong Li ◽

Aixin Li ◽

Hairui Zhou ◽

Xi Wang ◽

Peng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Side Effect ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Drug List ◽

Rare Side Effect

Drug-induced myopathy (DIM) is a rare side effect; however, the consequence could be fatal. There are few reports to systematically assess the underlying mechanism of DIM. In this study, we curated the comprehensive DIM drug list based on structured labeling products (SPLs) and carried out the analysis based on chemical structure space, drug protein interaction, side effect space, and transcriptomic profiling space. Some key features are enriched from each of analysis. Specifically, the similarity of DIM drugs is more significant than random chance, which shows that the chemical structure could distinguish the DIM-positive drugs from negatives. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) was identified to be shared by DIM drugs, which indicated the important role of metabolism in DIM. Three pathways including pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, and GnRH signaling pathway enriched based on transcriptomic analysis may explain the underlying mechanism of DIM. Although the DIM is the current focus of the study, the proposed approaches could be applied to other toxicity assessments and facilitate the safety evaluation.

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Alcohol and other drugs in suicide in Canada: opportunities to support prevention through enhanced monitoring

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043504 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. injuryprev-2019-043504

Author(s):

Heather Orpana ◽

Norman Giesbrecht ◽

Aliya Hajee ◽

Mark S Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Literature Search ◽

Large Body ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Alcohol And Drugs ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽

Per Capita Alcohol Consumption ◽

Full Text Screening

The use of alcohol and other drugs has been identified as a significant factor related to suicide through multiple pathways. This paper highlights current understanding of their contributions to suicide in Canada and identifies opportunities for enhancing monitoring and prevention initiatives. Publications from 1998 to 2018 about suicide in Canada and that referred to alcohol or other drugs were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar. A second literature search restricted to articles including results of toxicology testing was conducted by a librarian. We summarised the literature identified on ecological analyses, attributable fractions and deaths, and research including the results of toxicological analyses. Our literature search yielded 5230 publications, and 164 documents were identified for full-text screening. We summarised the findings from 30 articles. Ecological analyses support the association between alcohol sales, annual per capita alcohol consumption and suicide rates. Based on published estimates, approximately a quarter of suicide deaths in Canada are alcohol-attributable, while the estimated attributable fraction for illegal drugs is more variable. Finally, there is a dearth of literature examining the role of acute alcohol and/or drug consumption prior to suicide based on toxicological findings. The proportion of suicide decedents with drugs or alcohol present at the time of death varies widely. While there is evidence on the role of alcohol and drugs in suicide deaths, there is not a large body of research about the acute use of these substances at the time of death among suicide decedents in Canada. Our understanding of the role of alcohol and other drugs in suicide deaths could be enhanced through systematic documentation, which in turn could provide much needed guidance for clinical practice, prevention strategies and policy initiatives.

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