Turbulent seas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Woodward
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Us

This chapter discusses the South China Sea island disputes that have become the frontline in the US’s growing confrontation with China in Asia and the justification for a reinforced US military presence in the region. It particularly examines the role of the Philippines. While its neighbours have tried to soothe relations with China and keep on friendly terms with the US, the Philippines has placed itself at the head of a confrontation with China in the South China Sea. Its interventions since 2010, particularly its decision to refer the issues to the Arbitration court at the Hague have played a key role in turning the Sea into a global security hotspot. The chapter argues that it is primarily down to the Philippines that the US has been able to reestablish its presence and become a key actor in the South China Sea, justifying a stepped up US navy presence.

scholarly journals Emotions, international hierarchy, and the problem of solipsism in Sino-US South China Sea politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Christian Wirth
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Us South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Territorial Claims

This study offers an explanation for Beijing’s seemingly self-defeating approach to the South China Sea that distances China ever more from the regional and international communities which it wants to lead and join while drawing in the foreign military presence that it seeks to keep at a distance. Combining recent research on the role of emotions and on hierarchy in international politics, this article shows how the powerful narrative of national ‘humiliation’ and ‘rejuvenation’ has informed Chinese maritime politics. As the South China Sea became incorporated in the linear timeline of China’s 5000 year civilizational history, the US’ and its allies’ push-back against Beijing’s territorial claims deepened China’s ideational isolation. The ensuing state of solipsism increases the risk of violent confrontations.

scholarly journals «China-Vietnam-India» format in the South-China sea in the context of regional security

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-371
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Ponka ◽  
Nikita S. Kuklin ◽  
Ivan R. Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Energy Plane

This article is devoted to the role of the territorial dispute in the South China sea in relations between China, Vietnam and India in the regional subsystem of Southeast Asia. The regional space under consideration is characterized by high economic dynamism and active integration processes, including participation of non-regional actors. Particular importance is attached to the positions of the three States on fundamental aspects that have a destructive impact on the development of regional processes. Attention is paid to the conceptualization of the policy of the three States in the waters of this sea. Following consideration of the problems the authors conclude that the intersection of the interests of the three countries in this sea threatens to exacerbate the fragility of the political and strategic landscape of the regional subsystem, registration open, but citizenries order on the space of the SCS. The article notes that the confrontational tone in relations between China, Vietnam and India brings with it many threats, in particular the clash of state interests in the energy plane, the arms race between the three nuclear powers (USA, India, China), which was accompanied by increased military presence of non-regional player (USA) in the region, complicated by territorial and historical conflicts.

Arguing International Law in the South China Sea Disputes: The Haiyang Shiyou 981 and uss Lassen Incidents and the Philippines v. China Arbitration

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Oude Elferink
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Legal Arguments

This article focuses on how international law is argued by the parties to the South China Sea disputes and in what context these legal arguments are presented. To this end, the article analyses three recent issues in the South China Sea: the incident involving the Haiyang Shiyou 981 drilling rig, which operated in a maritime area in dispute between Vietnam and China; the passage of the uss Lassen in the vicinity of Subi Reef, which is occupied by China; and the arbitration between the Philippines and China under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The article concludes that looking at what legal arguments are or are not made and in what broader context those arguments are placed can contribute to a better understanding of the role of international law in the South China Sea disputes.

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas peran Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) di dalam resolusi konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan (LTS). Keputusan PCA yang menggunakan UNCLOS sebagai tata kelola LTS memprovokasi kemarahan Tiongkok. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana memahami peran hukum internasional dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan menggunakan teori English School. English School dengan kedua pilarnya pluralisme dan solidarisme menjadi pisau analisis utama untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, keputusan PCA digunakan sebagai Filipina sebagai momentum transformasi kebijakan luar negeri Filipina dari solidarisme menjadi pluralisme. Kedua, pilar pluralisme lebih relevan menjelaskan peran hukum internasional dalam sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan.Kata kunci: English School, hukum internasional, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralisme, solidarisme

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute with the addition of reconceptualization of legitimacy.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea

scholarly journals KEKUATAN NASIONAL TIONGKOK DALAM SENGKETA LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-319
Author(s):  
Sukawarsini Djelantik
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Power

The South China Sea (LTS) has a strategic position and rich in natural resources. These waters are claimed by several countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Taiwan. The overlapping claims have not yet reached a resolution, even though tensions have increased and potentially to become an open conflict. The United States (US) and China have economic, political and strategic interests in winning the competition in the South China Sea. This paper answers the question what is China's position in the dispute in the South China Sea? Has China as a great power succeeded in utilizing its national power to control the waters? China's position is analyzed using the concept of national power consisting of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economics (DIME), which is commonly used to assess state power. China's strength is compared indirectly with the US, which is the main competitor in the region from a diplomatic, military and economic point of view. From the diplomatic aspect, China controls countries in Southeast Asia which are part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) infrastructure project, whose various projects are funded through the Asian Investment Infrastructure Bank (AIIB). To confirm the claim, China has carried out various constructions of artificial islands in the disputed area, which are equipped with military facilities. From an economic perspective, China's rapid growth in recent decades has made it one of the most respected world powers. These facts indicated that China is a great power that has managed to match the power and influence of the US in the region. In the case of the LTS dispute, it is likely that China will win the competition, influence and support from the disputing countries. China; South China Sea; diplomacy, information, military, economy

scholarly journals The US Rebalance and Southeast Asia

Asian Survey ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

This article assesses Southeast Asian views of the US “rebalance,” examining reactions to US military deployments, military assistance to partners, and support for Southeast Asian diplomacy on South China Sea conflicts. Although not ostensibly designed to contain China, the rebalance provides Southeast Asia with hedging options against more assertive PRC actions in the South China Sea.

The Role of the Mindoro-Sibutu Pathway on the South China Sea Multi–layer Circulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINGTING LI ◽  
HUIJIE XUE ◽  
JUN WEI ◽  
LINLIN LIANG ◽  
ARNOLD L. GORDON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Luzon Strait ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThe role of the Mindoro Strait-Sibutu passage pathway in influencing the Luzon Strait inflow to the South China Sea (SCS) and the SCS multi-layer circulation is investigated with a high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) regional ocean model. Significant changes are evident in the SCS upper layer circulation (250-900 m) by closing the Mindoro-Sibutu pathway in sensitivity experiments, as Luzon Strait transport is reduced by 75%, from −4.4 Sv to −1.2 Sv. Because of the vertical coupling between the upper and middle layers, closing the Mindoro-Sibutu pathway also weakens clockwise circulation in the middle layer (900–2150 m), but there is no significant change in the deep layer (below 2150 m). The Mindoro-Sibutu pathway is an important branch of the SCS throughflow into the Indonesian Seas. It is also the gateway for oceanic waves propagating clockwise around the Philippines Archipelago from the western Pacific Ocean into the eastern SCS, projecting El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea level signals to the SCS, impacting its interannual variations and multi-layer circulation. The results provide insights into the dynamics of how upstream and downstream passage throughflows are coupled to affect the general circulation in marginal seas.

Under the shadow of the giants: The ASEAN in search of a common strategy in a fluid and perilous Indo-Pacific region

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110145
Author(s):  
Renato Cruz De Castro
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Us ◽  
Common Strategy

This article examines how the ASEAN is managing the quintessential security challenges of the 21st century, particularly China’s emergence as a regional power, its expansive territorial claim in the South China Sea, and the US–China strategic rivalry in the Indo-Pacific region. As an organization tackling these security concerns, the ASEAN lacks the essential mechanism for conflict resolution, operates through informal diplomacy and moral suasion, and relies on consensus in making decisions. As a result, China has effectively divided the association during the talks on the peaceful settlement of the South China Sea dispute. China is currently formulating with the ASEAN a Code of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. All the same, China has made sure that any future agreement with the ASEAN imposes no constraints on its expansionist moves in the contested waters, and contains provisions that benefit its interests in the long run. Meanwhile, US–China strategic competition has prompted the ASEAN to think of ways to deal with this potential security threat. However, the association has failed to come up with a common strategy. In conclusion, this article argues that China’s emergence as a regional power, its maritime expansion into the South China Sea, and the US–China geopolitical contest are testing both the capacity and the limits of the ASEAN in resolving these security issues.

The South China Sea Arbitration: Bindingness, Finality, and Compliance with UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Hao Duy PHAN ◽  
Lan Ngoc NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
State Compliance ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanisms

AbstractOn 12 July 2016, the Tribunal in theSouth China Seaarbitration issued its final award. China rejected the ruling as “null and void”. The Philippines dismissed it as “a piece of paper” after initially hailing the ruling a “milestone decision”. The reactions of the parties concerned raise important questions about the bindingness, finality, and state compliance with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions. This paper addresses these questions by dissecting China’s arguments that the award “has no binding force” and by examining the options available for promoting compliance with the award. The paper also considers the broader question of how states generally comply with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions and evaluates the significance of UNCLOS dispute settlement mechanisms, including theSouth China Seaarbitration, in the absence of external enforcement.

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