Atomic kernels as waves and catastrophes

The presentation of atomic kerrnels as particles requires for the physics duality principle that they get a wave description. This is due to presenting the SU (3) GellMann matrix space by octonians which are obtained by doubling the spacetime quaternions. Their multiplication table is different from the SU (3) matrices. The third presentation of this space is a complex 4-dimensional space where the real spacetime coordinates of a 4-dimensional Euclidean Hilbert space R4 are extended to C4. For getting from Deuteron Cooper pairs NP of a neutron and proton atomic kernels AK, the wave package superpositions for AK need the mass defect of neutrons where kg is changed to inner speeds or interaction energies. For kg octonians have a GF measuring base triple as Gleason operator. Using a projective geometrical norming, C4 is normed to CP³, a projective 3-dimensional space. Its cell C³ has spacetime coordinates C², extended by an Einstein energy plane z3 = (m,f), m mass, f = 1/∆t frequency where mass can be transformed into f by using mc² = hf. If C³ is presented as a real space R6, it can be real projective normed to a real projective space P5 for the field presentation of AK. As field the NP‘s have then a common group speed for AK wave packages superpositions with which AK moves in spacetime C² and also a presentation as a Ψ wave. As probability distribution where they can be energetically found in space serves Ψ* Ψ.

Generating arbitrary topological windings of a non-Hermitian band

The nontrivial topological features in the energy band of non-Hermitian systems provide promising pathways to achieve robust physical behaviors in classical or quantum open systems. A key topological feature of non-Hermitian systems is the nontrivial winding of the energy band in the complex energy plane. We provide experimental demonstrations of such nontrivial winding by implementing non-Hermitian lattice Hamiltonians along a frequency synthetic dimension formed in a ring resonator undergoing simultaneous phase and amplitude modulations, and by directly characterizing the complex band structures. Moreover, we show that the topological winding can be controlled by changing the modulation waveform. Our results allow for the synthesis and characterization of topologically nontrivial phases in nonconservative systems.

Searching for multiple populations in Ruprecht 106

More than a decade has passed since the definition of Globular Cluster (GC) changed, and now we know that they host Multiple Populations (MPs). But few GCs do not share that behaviour and Ruprecht 106 is one of these clusters. We analyzed thirteen member red giant branch stars using spectra in the wavelength range 6120-6405 Å obtained through the GIRAFFE Spectrograph, mounted at UT2 telescope at Paranal, as well as the whole cluster using C, V, R and I photometry obtained through the Swope telescope at Las Campanas. Atmospheric parameters were determined from the photometry to determine Fe and Na abundances. A photometric analysis searching for MPs was also carried out. Both analyses confirm that Ruprecht 106 is indeed one on the few GCs to host Simple Stellar Population, in agreement with previous studies. Finally, a dynamical study concerning its orbits was carried out to analyse the possible extragalactic origin of the Cluster. The orbital integration indicates that this GC belongs to the inner halo, while an Energy plane shows that it cannot be accurately associated with any known extragalactic progenitor.

«China-Vietnam-India» format in the South-China sea in the context of regional security

This article is devoted to the role of the territorial dispute in the South China sea in relations between China, Vietnam and India in the regional subsystem of Southeast Asia. The regional space under consideration is characterized by high economic dynamism and active integration processes, including participation of non-regional actors. Particular importance is attached to the positions of the three States on fundamental aspects that have a destructive impact on the development of regional processes. Attention is paid to the conceptualization of the policy of the three States in the waters of this sea. Following consideration of the problems the authors conclude that the intersection of the interests of the three countries in this sea threatens to exacerbate the fragility of the political and strategic landscape of the regional subsystem, registration open, but citizenries order on the space of the SCS. The article notes that the confrontational tone in relations between China, Vietnam and India brings with it many threats, in particular the clash of state interests in the energy plane, the arms race between the three nuclear powers (USA, India, China), which was accompanied by increased military presence of non-regional player (USA) in the region, complicated by territorial and historical conflicts.

Nature of Elsässer Variables in the slow solar wind turbulence

<p>Elsässer Variables z± are widely considered as outward and inward propagating Alfvén waves in the solar wind turbulence study. It is believed that they can interact nonlinearly with each other to generate energy cascade. However, z− variations sometimes show a feature of convective structures or a combination of white noise and pseudo-structures. Here we present the amplitude of z± in σc (normalized cross helicity) - σr (normalized residual energy) plane in order to get some information on the nature of z±. Measurements from the WIND spacecraft in the slow solar wind during 2007-2009 are used for analysis. In each interval with length of 20 min, we calculate σc, σr, and consider the variance of z± as the amplitude of them for the given interval. We find that in the σc-σr plane, the level contours of the average z- amplitude present a feature of nearly horizontal stratification, which means that the amplitude of z- is independent of the value of σc, and is just related to σr. The horizontal-stratification feature suggests that z- could be convective structures. While the level contours of the average amplitude of z+ are approximately concentric semicircles, and the circle with larger radius corresponds to larger z+ amplitude. It indicates that z+ represents Alfvén waves. The nature of z± in the slow wind here will help us to understand more about the cascade process in the solar wind turbulence.</p>

Exploring the unknown Lambda-neutron interaction

No published \LambdaΛn scattering data exist. A relativistic heavy-ion experiment has suggested that a \LambdaΛnn bound state was seen. However, several theoretical analyses have cast serious doubt on the bound-state assertion. Nevertheless, there could exist a three-body \LambdaΛnn resonance. Such a resonance could be used to constrain the \LambdaΛn interaction. We discuss \LambdaΛnn calculations using nn and \LambdaΛn pairwise interactions of rank-one, separable form that fit effective range parameters of the nn system and those hypothesized for the as yet unobserved \LambdaΛn system based upon four different \LambdaΛN potentials. The use of rank-one separable potentials allows one to analytically continue the \LambdaΛnn Faddeev equations onto the second complex energy plane in search of resonance poles, by examining the eigenvalue spectrum of the kernel of the Faddeev equations. Although each of the potential models predicts a \LambdaΛnn sub-threshold resonance pole, scaling of the \LambdaΛn interaction by as little as \sim∼5% does produce a physical resonance. This suggests that one may use photo-(electro-)production of the \LambdaΛnn system from tritium as a tool to examine the strength of the \LambdaΛn interaction.

On short GRBs similar to GRB 170817A detected by Fermi-GBM

ABSTRACT Von Kienlin et al. (2019) selected 11 short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) whose characteristics are similar to GRB 170817A. These bursts, like GRB 170817A, have a hard spike followed by a soft thermal tail. However, as their redshifts are unknown it is not clear if their luminosities are as low as that of GRB 170817A. Comparing the positions in the ϵp–Eγ,iso (spectral peak energy – isotropic-equivalent energy) plane and using compactness arguments to estimate the minimal Lorentz factor, Γ, we find that all the bursts in this sample are consistent with being regular sGRBs if they are located at $z$ ≃ 0.3–3. They are also consistent with being similar to GRB 170817A if they are located at $z$ ≲ 0.1. Even in the latter case, the events must involve at least mildly relativistic (Γ ≳ 2) motion within the sources. We, further, find that at most one or two bursts in the sample are consistent with the cocoon shock-breakout model. Finally, we calculate the event rate of off-axis emission either from a jet core or from a jet wing (surrounding the core). We find that the off-axis emission model as an origin of the sample is rejected as it predicts too small event rate. The wing model can be consistent with the observed rate but the model parameters cannot be constrained by the current observations.