A study of the Quay Brothers’ animation 〈Stille Nacht: Dramolet für RW in Herisau〉 -Focusing on the visual characteristics of directing-

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 127-152
Author(s):  
Jeong-won Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Characteristics

How Socially Relevant Visual Characteristics of Avatars Influence Impression Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weibel ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Frontal View ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Blink Frequency

Like in the real world, the first impression a person leaves in a computer-mediated environment depends on his or her online appearance. The present study manipulates an avatar’s pupil size, eyeblink frequency, and the viewing angle to investigate whether nonverbal visual characteristics are responsible for the impression made. We assessed how participants (N = 56) evaluate these avatars in terms of different attributes. The findings show that avatars with large pupils and slow eye blink frequency are perceived as more sociable and more attractive. Compared to avatars seen in full frontal view or from above, avatars seen from below were rated as most sociable, self-confident, and attractive. Moreover, avatars’ pupil size and eyeblink frequency escape the viewer’s conscious perception but still influence how people evaluate them. The findings have wide-ranging applied implications for avatar design.

scholarly journals From Abbott Thayer to the present day: what have we learned about the function of countershading?

2008 ◽  
Vol 364 (1516) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Evidence ◽  
The Many

Of the many visual characteristics of animals, countershading (darker pigmentation on those surfaces exposed to the most lighting) is one of the most common, and paradoxically one of the least well understood. Countershading has been hypothesized to reduce the detectability of prey to visually hunting predators, and while the function of a countershaded colour pattern was proposed over 100 years ago, the field has progressed slowly; convincing evidence for the protective effects of countershading has only recently emerged. Several mechanisms have been invoked for the concealing function of countershading and are discussed in this review, but the actual mechanisms by which countershading functions to reduce attacks by predators lack firm empirical testing. While there is some subjective evidence that countershaded animals match the background on which they rest, no quantitative measure of background matching has been published for countershaded animals; I now present the first such results. Most studies also fail to consider plausible alternative explanations for the colour pattern, such as protection from UV or abrasion, and thermoregulation. This paper examines the evidence to support each of these possible explanations for countershading and discusses the need for future empirical work.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Driver Visual Characteristics in Urban Tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4274
Author(s):  
Song Fang ◽  
Jianxiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Change

Through an urban tunnel-driving experiment, this paper studies the changing trend of drivers’ visual characteristics in tunnels. A Tobii Pro Glasses 2 wearable eye tracker was used to measure pupil diameter, scanning time, and fixation point distribution of the driver during driving. A two-step clustering algorithm and the data-fitting method were used to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the univariate clustering analysis of the pupil diameter change rate of drivers has poor discrimination because the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “dark adaptation” is larger, while the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “bright adaptation” is relatively smooth. The univariate and bivariate clustering results of drivers’ pupil diameters were all placed into three categories, with reasonable distribution and suitable differentiation. The clustering results accurately corresponded to different locations of the tunnel. The clustering method proposed in this paper can identify similar behaviors of drivers at different locations in the transition section at the tunnel entrance, the inner section, and the outer area of the tunnel. Through data-fitting of drivers’ visual characteristic parameters in different tunnels, it was found that a short tunnel, with a length of less than 1 km, has little influence on visual characteristics when the maximum pupil diameter is small, and the percentage of saccades is relatively low. An urban tunnel with a length between 1 and 2 km has a significant influence on visual characteristics. In this range, with the increase in tunnel length, the maximum pupil diameter increases significantly, and the percentage of saccades increases rapidly. When the tunnel length exceeds 2 km, the maximum pupil diameter does not continue to increase. The longer the urban tunnel, the more discrete the distribution of drivers’ gaze points. The research results should provide a scientific basis for the design of urban tunnel traffic safety facilities and traffic organization.

Drivers’ visual characteristics in small-radius optically long tunnels on rural roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 103969
Author(s):  
Shoushuo Wang ◽  
Zhigang Du ◽  
Guojun Chen ◽  
Haoran Zheng ◽  
Zhennong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Radius ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Visual Characteristics

scholarly journals An Atmospheric Visibility Grading Method Based on Ensemble Learning and Stochastic Weight Average

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Jiahong Wu ◽  
Zhibin Cao ◽  
Yan Qian ◽  
Shixiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Visibility ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Grading Model ◽  
Level 2

In order to adequately characterize the visual characteristics of atmospheric visibility and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional atmospheric visibility measurement method with significant dependence on preset reference objects, high cost, and complicated steps, this paper proposed an ensemble learning method for atmospheric visibility grading based on deep neural network and stochastic weight averaging. An experiment was conducted using the scene of an expressway, and three visibility levels were set, i.e., Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Firstly, the EfficientNet was transferred to extract the abstract features of the images. Then, training and grading were performed on the feature sets through the SoftMax regression model. Subsequently, the feature sets were ensembled using the method of stochastic weight averaging to obtain the atmospheric visibility grading model. The obtained datasets were input into the grading model and tested. The grading model classified the results into three categories, with the grading accuracy being 95.00%, 89.45%, and 90.91%, respectively, and the average accuracy of 91.79%. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with those obtained by the existing methods, and the proposed method showed better performance than those of other methods. This method can be used to classify the atmospheric visibility of traffic and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents caused by atmospheric visibility.

Su1741 Evaluation of Endoscopic Visual Characteristics in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. AB387
Author(s):  
Alejandro Llanos-Chea ◽  
Katie Amsden ◽  
Kristin Johnson ◽  
Hector Melin-Aldana ◽  
Joshua B. Wechsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Visual Characteristics
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