Are Feminine or Masculine Supervisors Leading In Same Way And Have Same Effect on Subordinates’ Performance?

Catalyst study stated that female leaders suggestively can exhibit better leadership behaviour than male and can have more positive effect on their subordinate’s work psychology and performance. But these proclamations, grounded mostly on inadequate research verdicts and subjective evidence, continue empirically unverified in Asian countries. The experiential study is directed to compare whether female managers differ in their leadership style from male managers in bank. Added to that, study led to recognize and compare the difference in subordinate’s work performance behaviour due to the supervisor’s gender. Through multi-stage sampling method, 364 male and 58 female supervisors were examined based on structured questionnaire proposing two hypothetical consent-attainment status quo. Results exhibited and confirmed the significant difference among supervisor’s gender in their leadership style. Noteworthy variances were revealed in subordinates’ work behaviour because of their manager’s gender. Though the effects varied for diverse dimensions of managerial behaviour and employees conduct. Hypothesis verified that female supervisors are more transformational and transactional in style than male. Furthermore, female leaders were rated more significantly positive on subordinates’ task and contextual performance than male. Research entitled that Indian female supervisor with transformational and transactional style could be more influential to induce subordinates work behaviour and performance in banks. It is imperious to analyse leader’s behaviour in context to their gender, as female leaders play a substantial role in organization growth and performance.

Malnutrition Prevalence according to the GLIM Criteria in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in people with head and neck cancer (HCN) and is associated with poorer outcomes. However, variation in malnutrition diagnostic criteria has made translation of the most effective interventions into practice challenging. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in a HNC population according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and assess inter-rater reliability and predictive validity. A secondary analysis of data available for 188 patients with HNC extracted from two cancer malnutrition point prevalence studies was conducted. A GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition was assigned when one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion were present. Phenotypic criteria were ≥5% unintentional loss of body weight, body mass index (BMI), and subjective evidence of muscle loss. Etiologic criteria were reduced food intake, and presence of metastatic disease as a proxy for inflammation. The prevalence of malnutrition was 22.6% (8.0% moderately malnourished; 13.3% severely malnourished). Inter-rater reliability was classified as excellent for the GLIM criteria overall, as well as for each individual criterion. A GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition was found to be significantly associated with BMI but was not predictive of 30 day hospital readmission. Further large, prospective cohort studies are required in this patient population to further validate the GLIM criteria.

Objective and Subjective Evidence for Political Reality in Autobiographical Discourse

The article surveys peculiarities of a political language personality’s autobiographical discourse. Through the analysis of the autobiographical discourse, the specific features of the genre are revealed; its peculiarities in objectifying political reality are detected. The study material is a book of memoirs «Decision Points» by the 43d President of the USA George W. Bush, in which he describes landmark events in his personal and professional life and tries to explain what or who moved him forward in choosing complicated and provocative routes. In the analyses the author identifies genre-forming features of works, as well as the features in the objectification of political reality. The politician’s memoirs are distinguished not through accurate narration of factual evidence as much as through the aim to develop a certain view of the historical period in the reader and through the desire to cultivate a certain opinion in them. For this reason the reminiscent must strike an ideal balance in supplying objective and subjective evidence. A combination of unprejudiced narration and personal considerations, the author’s reflections on his reasons for decision-making, admission of guilt and not being right in some crucial moments add to the emotional disposition of the text and make it more convincing. Pragmatic actuality is achieved through rendering historical and famous facts, dates, and contemporary records. Within this article the onomastic space of G.W. Bush’s memoirs has ben analysed, which helps to reveal that most of the onyms (anthroponyms, zoonyms, chrematonyms, ethnonyms, socionyms, ergonyms, toponyms) and to testify to their credibility. The conclusion is made that the objective evidence is exposed to careful selection and is to accord with the pragmatic intention of the subject of reminiscence; the subjective evidence allows to fill the text with emotional substance and to plunge the reader in the thick of things.

Subjective Causality and Counterfactuals in the Social Sciences: Toward an Ethnographic Causality?

The article explores the role that subjective evidence of causality and associated counterfactuals and counterpotentials might play in the social sciences where comparative cases are scarce. This scarcity rules out statistical inference based upon frequencies and usually invites in-depth ethnographic studies. Thus, if causality is to be preserved in such situations, a conception of ethnographic causal inference is required. Ethnographic causality inverts the standard statistical concept of causal explanation in observational studies, whereby comparison and generalization, across a sample of cases, are both necessary prerequisites for any causal inference. Ethnographic causality allows, in contrast, for causal explanation prior to any subsequent comparison or generalization.

THE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE OF THE PERSON USING PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

In this article social intelligence of teachers of pre-school educational establishments was analyzed in the context of understanding by the person the meaning of proverbs and sayings which include socially determined sense. The author of the article considers the most important criteria for productive functioning of the teacher’s social intelligence so called successful solution of human social non-standard (including – the most original) tasks, as well as the success of a specialist in the implementation of pedagogical activities. The first involves the mandatory functioning of decision-making mechanism. This mechanism, as well as other functional mechanisms of social intelligence (the mechanism of decentralization, the mechanism of intellectual initiation, reflexive mechanisms, etc.), are predetermined by individual cognition, for example, attention, imagination, perception, memory, thinking. That’s why we have a deal with automatism of functional mechanisms of social intelligence. In the field of mnemonic experience (the mnemonic aspect of social intelligence) conscious experiences are accompanied by a sense of subjective evidence of what had been happened. The mechanism of making a socially balanced decision was analyzed taking into account the complexity, non-standard social situation. This mechanism allows the teacher to move away from intellectual formations of a person as a representative of a certain national-cultural space, and, avoiding prototypes and ethnic stereotypes, to choose the most appropriate for this social situation the mechanism for updating the reflection of the subjective space, the cognitive style of carrying out professional activity, and building a development logic situations of interpersonal interaction, taking into account moral and ethnic norms, values, etc., to make a socially weighed decision. The latter will contribute not only because the teacher will adequately and empathically interact with other actors (colleagues and trustees), but also, including the achievement of the teacher of success in the professional activity. In the functional aspect we are talking about the amplification of social intelligence. The empirical results of our research allow to distinguish the following tendencies: 1) there are no statistically significant differences in the results of teachers of different groups (including the directors of pre-school educational institutions) according to the success of their interpretation of social meaning at a generalized level; 2) teachers of pre-school educational institutions prevail over the following levels of understanding the meaning of proverbs (sayings), as the “level of concrete understanding” and the “level of global understanding”.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE: THROUGH THE PRISM OF SUBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF THE CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

The article is devoted to the description of subjective signs of crimes committed in the sphere of public procurement as socially dangerous acts that infringe on the socio-economic security of the state as a whole. The relevance of the study is noted, it is indicated that the public danger of crimes committed in the field of public procurement is associated with special features of the subject who committed the crime, the concept of which is inextricably intertwined with the concept of an official. A retrospective analysis of the concept of «official». The attention is focused on the fact that the establishment of authorized persons in the Commission of corruption crimes in procurement should be based on the fact that the crimes of this category can be committed only by persons performing their functions exclusively in the performance of their powers related to the procurement. There are arguments in favor of the fact that the subjective side of crimes in the sphere of state, municipal procurement and procurement by certain types of legal entities is characterized by guilt in the form of intent in relation to the criminal act itself, a selfish motive or other personal interest, while the attitude to the consequences does not affect the qualification. It is indicated that when committing a corruption crime in the field of public procurement, the act is a violation of the rules regulated by special rules for procurement at any stage. Conclusions are drawn on the structure of the analyzedcrimes.