scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated With Heavy Metals Using the Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merima Toromanović ◽  
Vildana Jogić ◽  
Jasmina Ibrahimpašić ◽  
Aida Džaferović ◽  
Samira Dedić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dangerous Substances ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Phytoremediation has proven to be a suitable method for removing heavy metals from the soil with the help of plants. To examine the phytoremediation potential, the experimental study monitored the influence of high and low concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) on Helianthus annuus L., as well as their accumulation in seeds, roots, stems and leaves. The experiment was carried out during one growing season in outdoor conditions, in pots with a volume of 5L in which Helianthus annuus L. was planted, and the soil was contaminated with these heavy metals in concentrations below and above the maximum allowable concentration prescribed by the Rulebook on Determining Permissible Quantities of Harmful and Dangerous Substances in Soil and Methods of Their Testing. After growth and development of the plant, the experimental research examined the accumulation potential of the plant, the growth of the plant itself and its ability to survive depending on different concentrations of heavy metals. By processing the obtained results, statistically significant differences of heavy metals were determined in individual parts of the plants, depending on the applied concentration. The highest concentration of Zn was recorded in the leaves of the plant in the amount of 18.21 mg/kg, and the lowest concentration in the stem, 3.92 mg/kg. The measured values of heavy metals Cd and Pb differ from the above because the lowest concentrations of these heavy metals were recorded in the seed, and were 12.02 mg/kg for Pb and 9.20 mg/kg for Cd, which is a statistically significantly lower determined value relative to other parts of the plant.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Chromium from Electroplating Effluent Treatment Plant (Etp) Sludge Using Helianthusannuus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2977-2982
Author(s):  
M. J. Suresh ◽  
P. Rajiv
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Electroplating Effluent ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Effluent Treatment Plant ◽  
Pre Treatment

Phytoremediation is one of the best methods in the treatment of sludge from industries because the pollutants present in the sludge are the food source for plants. So, the present study dealt with wedging the electro-plated sludge with red soil for 30 days and using it for the growth of Helianthus annuus L. The sludge and soil were blended in different concentrations C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 (for the pre-treatment). Physicochemical parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, potassium and phosphate) and heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni and Cr) of raw sludge, soil and ETP-treated-sludge with soil were analysed. After inspecting the physicochemical parameters of raw sludge and treated sludge, the soil-treated-sludge was used for the growth of Helianthus annuus L. Phytoremediation by Helianthus annuus L. has made considerable changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil, specially denoting the reduction of chromium. Thus, the work concludes that the pre-treated sludge provides a pathway for the uptake of heavy metals through the process of phytoremediation.

Importance of Coniothyrium minitans in survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in wilted sunflower

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of wilt or basal stem rot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and its hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans was investigated in a sunflower field naturally infested with the two organisms. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were collected biweekly from roots and basal stems of wilted plants and analyzed for infection by the hyperparasite. The results showed that C. minitans parasitized and killed the sclerotia produced on the root surface. This hyperparasite continued to parasitize the pathogen inside the root and upwards into the base of the stem, thus infecting the sclerotia produced at these sites. By the end of the growing season, 59%, 76%, and 29% of sclerotia on the root surface, inside the root, and inside the stem, respectively, had been killed by the hyperparasite, while 4%, 9%, and 68% of the sclerotia at these locations were healthy. Death of the rest of the sclerotia was due to organisms other than C. minitans. The data also indicate that C. minitans is more effective in parasitizing sclerotia produced on or inside the root than those produced in the basal stem.

scholarly journals Effect of Chelator EDTA on Phyto-Remediation of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead and their Effect on Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Root Dry Weight

 The present study investigates the phyto-accumulation capacity of two cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for heavy metals. Analysis of the data recorded ten weeks after sowing indicated that heavy metal application had significantly (p<0.05) affected all the parameters under study. Interaction of EDTA x cultivar and EDTA x cultivar x heavy metal had significantly (p<0.05) affected root fresh weight, root dry weight and heavy metal accumulation. EDTA application had significant (p<0.05) effect on heavy metal accumulation when data was noted ten weeks after sowing. The data also revealed that maximum plant height, number of leaves/plant, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight was noted in control pots (0 mg/kg heavy metal). The suggested that maximum shoot fresh weight shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight was noted in pots kept at control with San Sun-33 when applied with 5 mM EDTA. Similarly, maximum heavy metal accumulation was recorded in treatment sown of HiSun-33 applied with 5 mM EDTA and 50 mM chromium. Maximum root fresh weight was noted in control pots treated with 5 mM EDTA and planted with San Sun-33. Similarly, heavy metal accumulation was more in HiSun-33 treated with 50 mg/kg chromium and 5 mM EDTA. In terms of accumulation of heavy metals, HiSun-33 demonstrated better accumulation of the tested heavy metals then SanSun-33, anyhow the growth of SanSun-33 was better than HiSun-33 due to lesser accumulation of heavy metals.  

scholarly journals Spatial constraints also regulates final achene mass in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) capitulum

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Coupled Effect ◽  
Artificial Restriction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Competition For Resources

In capitula of the cultivated sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) achene size and mass commonly decrease from proximal to distal positions. Temporal limitation of resources of the distal achenes over the proximal ones has been the common explanation for this response. Nevertheless, because the capitulum architecture and expansion dynamics also interacts with achene growth and development, also space exert a coupled effect with resources on achene size along the inflorescence radius. In this work we removed young achenes from different capitulum positions [inner sector (IS) and outer sector (OS)] and applied an artificial restriction to the capitulum/achenes radial expansion. Removal of outer achenes significantly increased the final dry mass of the remnant ones between 17.1 to 27.6%. Removal of inner achenes also produced the same effect but in less magnitude, between 9.3 to 17.9% of the outer ones. The removal of outer achenes with the application of an artificial peripheral constraint did not significantly increase the dry mass of the remnant ones (2.7% of the inner and 7.1% of the control). Percentage of empty achenes significantly diminished in the middle sector (MS) in capitula with the outer achenes removed and in capitula with the outer achenes removed plus a peripheral constraint but in the range of 7.1% (MS achenes) and 2.7 % (IS achenes). Percentage of empty achenes of the MS did not change when the outer achenes were removed but was significantly lower when the OS was removed and the peripheral constraint was applied. This results suggest that a part of the reduced growth and development of IS and MS achenes is not only controlled by the competition for resources but also is restricted by space and pressure exerted by the neighboring ones.

ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF Pb, Cu, Zn AND Cd IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GROWN IN AN INDUSTRIALLY POLLUTED REGION / ACUMULACION Y DISTRIBUCION DE Pb, Cu, Zn Y Cd EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) CULTIVADO EN LA REGION INDUSTRIALMENTE POLUCIONADA / ACCUMULATION ET DISTRIBUTION DE Pb, Zn ET DE Cd DANS LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) CULTIVÉ DANS LES RÉGIONS DE POLLUTION INDUSTRIELLE

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Yankov ◽  
Nurettin Tahsin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Ecological Equilibrium ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Agricultural Regions

SUMMARYInvestigations conducted during last years showed serious violations of ecological equilibrium in many agricultural regions.Crops produced in these regions are commonly used as food and feed. It has been established that the content of heavy metals in the soils and agricultural crops grown nearby the metallurgical factories is much above the admissible concentration. Micro-particles of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd separated in the atmosphere by aerosols, accumulate in the soil, plants and water areas. From the studied heavy metals the coarse particles of Zn commonly pile in soil nearby the contaminator, and the heavier particles of Pb are distributed by the prevailing winds. These elements accumulate shallow in the upper layer and confined to quantity move down. The irregular contamination of soil around certain factory is in great part dependent on turbulent movement of air, windlessness and the condition of fluctuating atmosphere - inversion. Contamination with heavy metals is most oftenly in according with areas. Maximum accumulation is found out on boundary areas in a distance at about 1000 m from the factory called the area of accumulation, and 15 000 m away from the factory called area of distraction. Commonly, on this area is grown one of the specific for Bulgaria culture - the sunflower. This needs solving of many problems connected with studying the accumulation and depous of localization of heavy metals in sunflower grown on contaminated soil, as well as their influence upon soil fertility.

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