scholarly journals Organizational activity of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in participation of the delegation of Soviet scholars in the First Plenum of the International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic Regions by Means of the Airship (Aeroarctic) and its results

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Olga Dmitrievna Maximova
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Society ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Central State ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources

The subject of this research is the exploration of Arctic, its economic development, and use of resources on the scientific basis as the crucial policy avenue of the Soviet Union. The International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic Regions by Airship (Aeroarctic) made a significant contribution to the research of the Russian Arctic. The success and performance of the Soviet members of this society largely depended on the organizational and norm-setting measures taken by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and its commissions in the late 1920s. For elucidation of the role of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in organizing international cooperation of the Soviet scholars, the article employs the materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation. Among noteworthy results of international cooperation within the framework of “Aeroarctic” are the following: 1) organization of the 2nd Congress of Aeroarctic Society held in Leningrad in 1928; 2) inclusion of the possibility of establishing trans-Arctic air routes between Europe and America in the five-year plan of research activity of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute for 1928 – 1933. In the activity of the Council of People's Commissars on the issues of Soviet participation in “Aeroarctic”, the author observes the proclivity for providing the procesude for recognition of the Arctic territories of the USSR by the global community; as well as protect the Soviet Arctic territories from the claims of foreign states. The second half of 1920s marks a major breakthrough in development of the Arctic in the USSR reflected in conduct of regular scientific research, acquisition of reliable knowledge on this remote part of the Earth, discovery of mineral deposits, which also allowed among strengthening defense potential of the country.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of archival heuristics in seeking information on the history of Soviet industry of Sevastopol in the central archives (on the example of the source complex on the history of Sevastopol branch of the Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Vasil'evna Kuz'mina ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Lyalin
Keyword(s):  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Production Association ◽  
Central Research ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Production Association ◽  
Research Institute

The subject of this research is the information potential of the source complex of archival documents dedicated to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. Since Sevastopol was not only an industrial, but also a scientific and technological center, the engineering departments lead unique developments, which were later implemented in various sectors nationwide. Both, enterprises and engineering departments were integrated into a unified all-Union system, which justifies using not only the city archive, but also central archives to find sources on the history of industrial development of Sevastopol during the Soviet period. This article is dedicated to determination and detailed analysis of the documents related to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass”. The authors dwell on the types of the preserved departmental documents, provide explicit examples, and analyze the peculiarities of documentation. The work is based on the range previously unpublished archival documents. The conclusion is made that materials from the fund of the Central Research Institute “Compass” of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg demonstrates the place and role of Sevastopol branch within the system of this organization, unlike the local documents stored the city archive of Sevastopol, which are focused on the local tasks and problems, and do not fully reflect the structural issues of the entire Scientific Production Association. Analyzing the extracted archival information on the Scientific Production Association “Compass”, the authors conclude that both the association itself and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union were focused on strengthening integration and interrelation of enterprises both within the Central Research Institute “Compass “ and industry as a whole, which manifested in establishment of the Council of the Scientific Production Association “Compass”; its documents are also stored in the fund.

Prospects for the development of international cooperation in the Arctic: main directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
VERA I. SMORCHKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The University

Over the past three decades, the Arctic has shown an unprecedented pace of international cooperation. Work in this direction takes place within the framework of the Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Region Council (BEAC), the Northern Forum, the International Arctic Science Committee, the International Conference “Arctic Frontiers”, the Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Countries, the University of the Arctic, etc. Cooperation and integration of the Arctic regions are of great importance for the social and economic development of this macro-region. United, the Arctic countries will preserve and develop territories on the principles of sustainable development. While studying the topic of the article, the author realized that the existing initiatives are not enough to meet the growing needs of the region. Today, the circumpolar region faces geopolitical, socio- economic, and environmental challenges. Changes in economic development and global warming are a serious threat to the population of the Arctic. Governmental and non-governmental organizations associated with activities in the Arctic, as well as its direct residents, are interested in international cooperation in various areas that are related to the problems of the region. The participation of countries and organizations is needed for an immediate response to changes, as well as to solve emerging problems, to pursue common interests, and to find effective mechanisms for managing emerging changes. In the article, the author also offers practical recommendations for the proper use of the potential of the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS IN LENINGRAD IN THE 1940S

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Elena D. Tverdyukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
City Council ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Post War ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
The City

The article analyzes the incidence of tuberculosis and the fight against it in Leningrad in the 1940s. The study is based on office documents and statistical materials from the funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (fund 7384 — St. Petersburg City Council of People’s Deputies and Fund 9156 — Health Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg) and the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg (fund 295 — Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology). The dynamics of morbidity and mortality are given, the measures of the authorities are analyzed (regulation of the hospital, dispensary and sanatorium network, food supply of patients). The author concludes that during the siege years the epidemic spread of tuberculosis was facilitated not only by objective factors (poor living conditions of the population, hunger and vitamin deficiency, lack of qualified medical personnel), but also by organizational miscalculations of city health authorities and the focus of the authorities and doctors on the prevention of gastrointestinal-intestinal infections. The wave of morbidity was brought down in 1943, but as the evacuees and demobilized from the front returned to the city, tuberculosis again began to acquire the character of an epidemic. The system of post-war measures to combat tuberculosis included early detection of diseases, vaccinations, treatment and prophylactic activities, and health education. The collective efforts of epidemiologists, phthisiatricians and the sanitary inspection managed to somewhat reduce the severity of the problem, but financing of medicine on a leftover basis and the lack of a sufficient number of effective drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis reduced the effectiveness of doctors.

scholarly journals On the History of International Socio-Economic Relations of the Arctic Regions and Thirty-Year Anniversary of the «Northern Forum»

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Boris Krasnopolski
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The research is a journey into a history of relatively recent establishment and development of international relations and cooperation of the Arctic regions of our country and the world. Thaw in relations between the Soviet Union taken place in the 80s of the last century and other countries affected the development of the territories of the states members of the well-known international Arctic Council, as well as a number of other countries with political and economic interests in the Arctic. This thaw created the basis for the creation of the Northern Forum in 1991, an international non-political organization of regional governors, which expressed the ambitions of the countries of the North and Arctic regions to develop international cooperation. In 2021, this organization will celebrate its 30th anniversary. Its creation is directly related to an active role of Walter J. Hickel (Wally J. Hickel), who in those years was the governor of Alaska (USA). He got elected twice to the office of governor and put enormous business and personal efforts into the creation of the Northern Forum. Unfortunately, in recent years the ability of the Forum to support and strengthen international sustainable socio-economic development in the Arctic region has substantially decreased. Despite the great efforts of the Forum secretariat, which is now located in Yakutsk, its role is declining, which is apparently caused by the growth of political and economic confrontations between the leading Arctic countries. The author puts forward his perspectives on the increasing role of the Northern Forum in the international cooperation of the Arctic countries in the light of new initiatives.

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