Prospects for the development of international cooperation in the Arctic: main directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
VERA I. SMORCHKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The University

Over the past three decades, the Arctic has shown an unprecedented pace of international cooperation. Work in this direction takes place within the framework of the Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Region Council (BEAC), the Northern Forum, the International Arctic Science Committee, the International Conference “Arctic Frontiers”, the Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Countries, the University of the Arctic, etc. Cooperation and integration of the Arctic regions are of great importance for the social and economic development of this macro-region. United, the Arctic countries will preserve and develop territories on the principles of sustainable development. While studying the topic of the article, the author realized that the existing initiatives are not enough to meet the growing needs of the region. Today, the circumpolar region faces geopolitical, socio- economic, and environmental challenges. Changes in economic development and global warming are a serious threat to the population of the Arctic. Governmental and non-governmental organizations associated with activities in the Arctic, as well as its direct residents, are interested in international cooperation in various areas that are related to the problems of the region. The participation of countries and organizations is needed for an immediate response to changes, as well as to solve emerging problems, to pursue common interests, and to find effective mechanisms for managing emerging changes. In the article, the author also offers practical recommendations for the proper use of the potential of the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals On the History of International Socio-Economic Relations of the Arctic Regions and Thirty-Year Anniversary of the «Northern Forum»

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Boris Krasnopolski
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The research is a journey into a history of relatively recent establishment and development of international relations and cooperation of the Arctic regions of our country and the world. Thaw in relations between the Soviet Union taken place in the 80s of the last century and other countries affected the development of the territories of the states members of the well-known international Arctic Council, as well as a number of other countries with political and economic interests in the Arctic. This thaw created the basis for the creation of the Northern Forum in 1991, an international non-political organization of regional governors, which expressed the ambitions of the countries of the North and Arctic regions to develop international cooperation. In 2021, this organization will celebrate its 30th anniversary. Its creation is directly related to an active role of Walter J. Hickel (Wally J. Hickel), who in those years was the governor of Alaska (USA). He got elected twice to the office of governor and put enormous business and personal efforts into the creation of the Northern Forum. Unfortunately, in recent years the ability of the Forum to support and strengthen international sustainable socio-economic development in the Arctic region has substantially decreased. Despite the great efforts of the Forum secretariat, which is now located in Yakutsk, its role is declining, which is apparently caused by the growth of political and economic confrontations between the leading Arctic countries. The author puts forward his perspectives on the increasing role of the Northern Forum in the international cooperation of the Arctic countries in the light of new initiatives.

scholarly journals Revisiting Russian Presidency in the Arctic Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
And Control

The article notes that in the period of preparation for the chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023), in order to further develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, new strategic documents, a package of benefits and preferences for business development were prepared and approved, measures were taken for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples, and to increase the role of science in Arctic research. The author draws attention to some unsolved problems of socio-economic development of the Arctic region (outflow of the population, especially young people; shortcomings of the organization of the shift method of work and centralized coordination and control of state orders and supplies to the population of hard-to-reach Arctic regions; violation of environmental requirements). It is emphasized that Russia assumes the post of chairman of the Arctic Council at a difficult time: the coronavirus pandemic, political tensions in relations with the West, including on issues of management and security of the Arctic, economic sanctions from the Arctic states, which creates certain difficulties in the activities in the Arctic direction. The author concludes that the developed program, the plan of main events, the activity of ministries and departments in the next 2 years will allow us to successfully cope with the chairmanship, show our foreign colleagues all the best that is available in the Russian Far North, and contribute to the strengthening of the Arctic Council.

scholarly journals The Case for an Arctic Region Council and a Treaty Proposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donat Pharand
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Health And Well Being

In the first part of this study, the author brings out the need for an Arctic Region Council by examining what would be its main purposes. These would be to facilitate cooperation generally among its members and, in particular, with respect to the following matters: protection of the environment, coordination of scientific research, conservation of living resources, economic development, health and well-being of the Arctic inhabitants, and peaceful uses of the Arctic. The second part outlines the main reasons for the establishment of a Council by the conclusion of a treaty and presents the basic draft provisions of such treaty. These would cover: the geographical area of the Council's activities, the purposes of the Council, the conditions of membership, the main organs of the Council and their respective powers and mode of operation, the holding of meetings, the sharing of expenses, the settlement of disputes, the manner of entry into force, and the procedure of amendments and review. The founding Members of the Council would be the eight States whose territory projects north of the Arctic Circle: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Membership would be open to non-Arctic States having demonstrated a sufficient interest in Arctic issues, as well as to certain non-State entities such as the Northwest Territories and Greenland, and non-governmental organizations such as the Arctic Aboriginal Conference.

scholarly journals The Demographic Factor Impact on the Economics of the Arctic Region

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Irina Gennadyevna Gerasimova ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Oblova ◽  
Ekaterina Ilinichna Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Demographic Factor ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
The Impact

Decline of the international price of some minerals, such as coal, has changed the living standards of the Arctic population leading to its considerable out-migration because of the drop in profitability not only in mining, but also in related industries. Being essential for the sustainable economic development, the highly qualified specialists are currently a crucial issue in the Arctic. This research employs demographic and economic indicators to address the gap in the study of demographic challenges for the Arctic administrative-territorial entities. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the population dynamic in the Russian and global Arctic regions. As part of this study, the impact of the demographic factor on the economic indicators of the region was assessed on the basis of GRP data calculation. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the major trends in the Arctic labour market. Based on the results of the assessment, an increase in GRP was determined with the simultaneous decrease in the Arctic population. The current demographic situation in the Arctic regions in the context of gender factors was reviewed. It should be noted that the article contains exceptions and the causes of the phenomena described. The results of the research may contribute to better understanding of regional variation and trends in socio-economic development of the Arctic as well as the stabilisation of the Arctic population.

Creation of new business value as an indicator of the socio-economic potential use: Evidence from the Arctic Zone regions of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1286-1303
Author(s):  
D.S. Krapivin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article explores the impact of the creation of new value (construction) on the socio-economic system of the Russian Arctic regions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the utilization of the socio-economic development capacity of the Russian Arctic regions. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of business and statistical analyses, observation, measurement, comparison, and the expert assessment method. Results. The article presents certain results of an analysis of the impact of new value creation on economic performance and analysis of the industry structure for creating such value for each particular Russian Arctic region. Conclusions. The Russian Arctic regions are characterized by significant uneven regional development. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has optimal conditions for socio-economic development and the greatest investment attractiveness among the other Russian polar regions.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Vocational Education in the Arctic Council Member-States’ Universities

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
Maria PITUKHINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Council Member ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Nowadays, the potential for international cooperation in the Arctic is concentrated within the framework of such an influential international structure as the Arctic Council, where Russia is presiding over soon in 2021–2023. The article is devoted to international cooperation evaluation of 15 Arctic universities from 7 Arctic Council member-states with a student contingent of at least 3,600 people (2 in the USA, 1 in Iceland, 5 in Russia, 2 in Finland, 2 in Sweden, 2 in Norway, 1 in Canada). It seems possible to evaluate international cooperation potential between Arctic universities through the prism of 10 quantitative indicators, including the number of international students admitted to the university; number of courses taught in English; number of educational programs for international students; a number of foreign scientists invited to the university, etc. We can evaluate both academic mobility within the Arctic universities and vocational education internationalization due to accumulated statistical data.

Socio-economic development scenarios of the White Sea regions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Anna E. Kurilo ◽  
◽  
Pavel V. Druzhinin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Scenario Approach

In the process of creating a national system of strategic planning and within the framework of normative economics, the scenario approach provides opportunities for constructing goals and directions of socio-economic territories development. Being a planning tool the scenario approach allows forming the directions of regional development. These processes take particular relevance for the regions of our country that are the parts of the Arctic zone, especially in increased interest and attention to these territories resources from other external agents. The main aim of this paper is to elaborate development scenarios for the regions, which are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone and the White Sea catchment area. Based on the dynamics analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators and development trends for 1990–2019, the dependence of indicators for forecasting socio-environmental and economic development of these regions, was built. We applied scenario approach to describe possible development scenarios of Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area. The novelty of the work is the construction of matrix of development scenarios of the Arctic regions, united by belonging to the White Sea catchment area. The analysis results of macroeconomic indicators for three elements of sustainable development show that the regions have rather weak economic development, stagnation of social indicators and difficult environmental situation. We outlined the problems constraining the development of Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area and the directions to their solutions. To reach the trajectory of sustainable development is possible under condition of coordination and implementation of the measures taken by the state and regional authorities. This scenario of development strategy according to the innovation trajectory will allow to consolidate activity of federal, regional and municipal authorities of these territories. The integrated development program of the Arctic regions in the White Sea catchment area can be a coordinating platform.

Problems of development of Arctic hydrocarbon resources under the current conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Anna Borisovna Nikolaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arctic Region

The Arctic is the richest and at the same time the most difficult region to develop in the world. Exploration and exploitation of its deposits are inevitable for Russia and mankind as a whole. The Arctic region is characterized by extreme nature-climatic conditions, with a rather low level of economic development and remoteness from industrial centers, a low level or lack of any infrastructure as well as by instability of the ecological system to anthropogenic impact and a long recovery period. Since the potential of the resources currently being developed will be exhausted within several decades, and the world economies are not yet ready for a full transition to alternative energy resources, it is necessary to search for and develop new hydrocarbon reserves that determines the relevance of the study.The aim of the study is to identify the main problems arising when exploiting hydrocarbons in the Arctic region. The set of problems identified predetermines an integrated approach to their solutions. In this case, it is about reforming legislation, increasing funding, and attracting new participants in the international cooperation. Since the export of oil and gas is traditional for the Russian Federation, exploitation of hydrocarbons in the region is a prerequisite for the further economic development of the country. A state policy aimed at development and improvement of new technologies, reducing environmental risks, and deep scientific research of the Arctic, is needed. The method of expert assessment was used, which is applied for solving complex tasks with lack of information, and impossibility of mathematical formalization of the solution process. The basis for the application of this method is the possibility and ability of experts to assess the importance of the problem under study and development prospects for a certain research direction. The expert assessments were highlighted during the study and analysis of the literature.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
E. A. KORCHAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Integrated Structures

The purpose of the study was to analyze the structure of the economic space of the Russian Arctic within the framework of determining the prospects for the economic development of the Arctic regions. The unevenness of the economic space of the Russian Arctic and the focus on the extraction and export of natural resources are determined. It is revealed that vertically integrated structures play a key role in the Russian Arctic. It is determined that the specific feature of this region is the ethnoeconomics, the long-term development of which is the dominant direction of the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals Influence of Social Capital on Livelihood Outcomes for the Internally Displaced Persons in Kenya: A Social Capital Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nkonge Kiboro
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Essential Services

Social capital is increasingly recognized as important in influencing economic development, establishment of safe neighborhoods and wellfunctioning communities. There is growing evidence that communities with relatively higher stocks of social capital in form of grassroots associations appear to achieve higher levels of growth compared to societies with low stocks of social capital. This study sought to investigate the influence of social Capital on the livelihood outcomes for the internally displaced persons in Kenya. Membership to local level associations was used as a predictor of social capital. The study revealed that majority of the households that were affiliated to local level associations obtained essential services that influenced their livelihoods positively. Overall, the findings reveal that memberships in local associations (social capital) tend to insulate households from risks and other exigencies. The study recommends that government and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations should formulate projects and programs that seek to promote wider participation in local level associations particularly by the poor and those whose livelihoods are vulnerable.

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