scholarly journals COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS IN LENINGRAD IN THE 1940S

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Elena D. Tverdyukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
City Council ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Post War ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
The City

The article analyzes the incidence of tuberculosis and the fight against it in Leningrad in the 1940s. The study is based on office documents and statistical materials from the funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (fund 7384 — St. Petersburg City Council of People’s Deputies and Fund 9156 — Health Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg) and the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg (fund 295 — Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology). The dynamics of morbidity and mortality are given, the measures of the authorities are analyzed (regulation of the hospital, dispensary and sanatorium network, food supply of patients). The author concludes that during the siege years the epidemic spread of tuberculosis was facilitated not only by objective factors (poor living conditions of the population, hunger and vitamin deficiency, lack of qualified medical personnel), but also by organizational miscalculations of city health authorities and the focus of the authorities and doctors on the prevention of gastrointestinal-intestinal infections. The wave of morbidity was brought down in 1943, but as the evacuees and demobilized from the front returned to the city, tuberculosis again began to acquire the character of an epidemic. The system of post-war measures to combat tuberculosis included early detection of diseases, vaccinations, treatment and prophylactic activities, and health education. The collective efforts of epidemiologists, phthisiatricians and the sanitary inspection managed to somewhat reduce the severity of the problem, but financing of medicine on a leftover basis and the lack of a sufficient number of effective drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis reduced the effectiveness of doctors.

scholarly journals Organization of the First Post-War Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in Leningrad in October 1945 – February 1946: Documents from the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 836-847
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Rupasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Post War ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The City

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 5, 1945, the first post-war elections to this supreme body of state power were scheduled for February 10, 1946. The political leadership attached exceptional importance to the election campaign launched in autumn 1945. The election campaign and its results could have been an indicator of the mood of Soviet society, permitting to estimate whether the victory in the war had been able to neutralize the accumulated fatigue from the hardships of the war and prevent the growth of negative feelings among the population towards the communist party and Soviet leadership. Thus, the authorities paid special attention to the organization of the elections to the Supreme Soviet in Leningrad, the city which survived the siege. Political and ideological support for the election campaign of autumn 1945 – winter 1946 was not the only task that the Soviet and party structures in Leningrad were concerned about. Purely organizational and technical aspects of the elections required coordination between a large number of departments and organizations. One of the most serious organizational problems was lack of trained personnel to work in election commissions. The Central State Archive of St. Petersburg has some limited number of documents that allow us to study the organizational and technical side of the elections in Leningrad in 1945-1946.

scholarly journals Foreign Delegations in Dnipropetrovsk City and Dnipropetrovska Oblast in 1945–1959

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Olga Kakovkina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Presence ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to figure out the features of a foreign presence in the city and the region during 1945–1959, its intensity and content on the example of the visit of foreign delegations – from the end of the World War II, as a result of which the political map of Europe and the world, the content of international relations have changed, to the assignment to Dnipropetrovsk the status of a conditionally closed city in August 1959, which led to the prohibition of its visit by foreigners until 1987.Research methods: historical-chronological, comparative.Main results: One of the aspects of foreign presence in the region is revealed on the example of target groups, which, as a rule, came at the invitation of public organizations, as well as certain departments. Some features of visiting the region by foreign delegations, quantitative indicators, the composition of individual groups, residence programs, service problems were identified. It was found that a certain limit in visiting foreigners to the region, as well as in the whole USSR, was 1953, when, as a result of the liberalization of the foreign policy of the Soviet leadership, the foreign presence in the region became more massive and public. Dnipropetrovsk and the surrounding areas, along with Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhya, were one of the visiting points. The purpose of its visits was to familiarize with the Soviet reality for the formation of a certain image of the USSR, to demonstrate the "advantages" of the Soviet model, and, therefore caused a significant ideological load of programs and strict control by the party bodies. Since the mid-1950s, with the intensive development of international economic relations in the region, primarily in heavy industry, the number of delegations with production targets had been growing. The economic component of relations dominated the tourism sector, which almost did not cover the Dnipropetrovsk region, given the formation of closed industries. In conclusion, it was noted that already at the stage of late Stalinism, the city and region were a significant part of the international presentation of the USSR and Ukraine. However, the stay of foreign groups revealed significant problems in their service due to material difficulties, lack of experience and personnel, and the specifics of organizing admissions under conditions of totalitarian state.Practical significance: the article recommended for the practice of teaching and research regional and urban history.Originality: sources that were first introduced to scientific circulation were used – the Central State Archive of the Public Organizations of Ukraine, the State Archive of the Dnipropetrovsk Region (oblastʼ) and regional periodicals of the period.Scientific novelty: the issue of the presence of foreign delegations in the Dnipropetrovsk region during 1945–1959 was considered, the problem of the place of Dnipropetrovsk region, Dnipropetrovsk in the system of international relations of Ukraine of the totalitarian period was determined.Article type: explanation.

‘A new image of the living theatre’: the Genesis and Design of the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, 1948–58

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 347-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fair
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
City Council ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Living Theatre ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

When it opened in March 1958, the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, was the first new professional theatre to be constructed in Britain for nearly two decades and the country’s first all-new civic theatre (Figs 1 and 2). Financially supported by Coventry City Council and designed in the City Architect’s office, it included a 910-seat auditorium with associated backstage facilities. Two features of the building were especially innovative, namely its extensive public foyers and the provision of a number of small flats for actors. The theatre, whose name commemorated a major gift of timber to the city of Coventry from the Yugoslav authorities, was regarded as the herald of a new age and indeed marked the beginning of a boom in British theatre construction which lasted until the late 1970s. Yet its architecture has hitherto been little considered by historians of theatre, while accounts of post-war Coventry have instead focused on other topics: the city’s politics; its replanning after severe wartime bombing; and the architecture of its new cathedral, designed by Basil Spence in 1950 and executed amidst international interest as a symbol of the city’s post-war recovery. However, the Belgrade also attracted considerable attention when it opened. The Observer’s drama critic, Kenneth Tynan, was especially effusive, asking ‘in what tranced moment did the City Council decided to spend £220,000 on a bauble as superfluous as a civic playhouse?’ For him, it was ‘one of the great decisions in the history of local government’. This article considers the architectural implications of that ‘great decision’. The main design moves are charted and related to the local context, in which the Belgrade was intended to function as a civic and community focus. In this respect, the Labour Party councillors’ wish to become involved in housing the arts reflected prevailing local and national party philosophy but was possibly amplified by knowledge of eastern European authorities’ involvement in accommodating and subsidizing theatre. In addition, close examination of the Belgrade’s external design, foyers and auditorium illuminates a number of broader debates in the architectural history of the period. The auditorium, for example, reveals something of the extent to which Modern architecture could be informed by precedent. Furthermore, the terms in which the building was received are also significant. Tynan commented: ‘enter most theatres, and you enter the gilded cupidacious past. Enter this one, and you are surrounded by the future’. Although it was perhaps inevitable that the Belgrade was thought to be unlike older theatres, given that there had been a two-decade hiatus in theatre-building, the resulting contrast was nonetheless rather appropriate, allowing the building to connote new ideas whilst also permitting us to read the Belgrade in terms of contemporary debates about the nature of the ‘modern monument’.

scholarly journals Trade Correspondence between Kumyk Feudal Lords with the Russian Military Administration in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s (Based on the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-889
Author(s):  
M.-P. B. Abdusalamov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The City

The research was based on the documents of funds 339 "Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits" and 379 "Kizlyar commandant". The documents were obtained from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. The paper focuses on the trade correspondence between Kumyk rulers with the Russian military authorities in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s. The documents of the Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits and the Kizlyar curfew archive illustrate that the trade and economic ties between the Kumyks and Russia grew quite intensive by the middle of the XVIII century. Most part of the material has never been studied before. Kumyk rulers were interested in trade with the city of Kizlyar, as well as other Russian cities. The subsistence economy of Kumykia could not fully provide for the growing domestic needs of the local population, e.g. industrial products. According to their letters to the Kizlyar commandants, the Kumyk rulers sought to create favorable conditions for the local merchants – savdagars – in order to protect them from highway robberies. The gradual integration of the Kumyk lands into the all-Russian market contributed to their economic growth and the development of the productive forces in the region. At the same time, the trade was mutually beneficial. The savdagars imported raw silk, madder, and cotton, which were important for the development of domestic Russian industry.

scholarly journals Children’s Memories of the Leningrad Blockade in the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article offers the previously unpublished memoirs of eleven Leningrad residents who were children during the German blockade of the city. All of them were collected in 1998-1999 by Nina Aleksandrovna Koroleva, and are today kept in her collection in the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic. After the war, Nina Aleksandrovna came to live in Udmurtia, where she started to record memories about wartime. Conventionally, her documents can be divided into two groups. The first includes the memories of those who were evacuated to Udmurtia during the Great Patriotic War. The second group consists of memories of those who ended up in the republic after the end of the war. All documents are preserved in the author's edition. The memoirs reflect childhood impressions of the siege period. Their authors share their feelings from the beginning of the blockade, and report details of their daily life during the siege; they also reveal the coping strategies of the respective families. Descriptions of the labor conducted by children invite for conclusions about their contribution to the Soviet victory. Very emotional are the reports about the lifting of the blockade. Some memoirs contain details of the evacuation from Leningrad to the mainland. From the perspective of the history of everyday life, the publication of these memoirs expands our knowledge about the Great Patriotic War and, in particular, about the blockade of Leningrad.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of archival heuristics in seeking information on the history of Soviet industry of Sevastopol in the central archives (on the example of the source complex on the history of Sevastopol branch of the Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Vasil'evna Kuz'mina ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Lyalin
Keyword(s):  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Production Association ◽  
Central Research ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Production Association ◽  
Research Institute

The subject of this research is the information potential of the source complex of archival documents dedicated to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. Since Sevastopol was not only an industrial, but also a scientific and technological center, the engineering departments lead unique developments, which were later implemented in various sectors nationwide. Both, enterprises and engineering departments were integrated into a unified all-Union system, which justifies using not only the city archive, but also central archives to find sources on the history of industrial development of Sevastopol during the Soviet period. This article is dedicated to determination and detailed analysis of the documents related to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass”. The authors dwell on the types of the preserved departmental documents, provide explicit examples, and analyze the peculiarities of documentation. The work is based on the range previously unpublished archival documents. The conclusion is made that materials from the fund of the Central Research Institute “Compass” of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg demonstrates the place and role of Sevastopol branch within the system of this organization, unlike the local documents stored the city archive of Sevastopol, which are focused on the local tasks and problems, and do not fully reflect the structural issues of the entire Scientific Production Association. Analyzing the extracted archival information on the Scientific Production Association “Compass”, the authors conclude that both the association itself and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union were focused on strengthening integration and interrelation of enterprises both within the Central Research Institute “Compass “ and industry as a whole, which manifested in establishment of the Council of the Scientific Production Association “Compass”; its documents are also stored in the fund.

Territory and Power in England: The Political Economy of Manchester and Beyond

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Moran ◽  
John Tomaney ◽  
Karel Williams
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Political ◽  
City Region ◽  
Central State ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Manchester City ◽  
The City

Bulpitt’s conception of a ‘dual polity’ is updated in this chapter to make sense of modern changes in central–local relations, notably the spate of ‘devolution’ deals, including for the Greater Manchester city region. ‘Devo Manc’ is the product of a deal between symbiotically entwined elites in Whitehall and Manchester City Council, both dominated by systems of ‘coterie politics’. But this attempt to recreate a new, settled duality is riddled with contradictions and is therefore chronically unstable. The problems arise from the different ambitions of key groups: the economic interests that have captured the process of economic change in the city; the institutional interests that divide key actors within the Manchester system; and the strategic interests of a central state that is desperate to offload the painful decisions created by austerity politics.

German Pogroms in Moscow in Summer 1915: Materials from the Central State Archive of Moscow

2018 ◽  
pp. 536-549
Author(s):  
Yury V. Aksyutin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Military History ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The article analyses documents from the Central State Archive of Moscow (TsGAMo) that concern the events of the summer of 1915 when, with police inaction, if not sufferance, the patriotic demonstrations erupted into riotous disturbances and pogroms of the premises of German and Austro-Hungarian citizens and even of Russian ones bearing German names. There were fatalities. The author notes fragmentarity of data that should have been preserved in Moscow state agencies, such as offices of the Mayor, the city police, and the State Duma. He ventures a guess on who and when had the documents concealed or destroyed. Countermeasures against mob outrages and ways of reinstalling orderliness of social life in Moscow were discussed in the State Duma. Several deputies gave speeches and there was a decision ‘to concede the need for immediate investigation.’ The minutes only lists the names of speakers, when there should have been verbatim records. On the meeting on June 2, 1915, the Mayor reported that 476 industrial and commercial premises and 217 lodgings had suffered pogroms. 113 German and Austro-Hungarian citizens had been injured, as well as 485 Russian citizens bearing foreign names and even 90 bearing unexceptionable Russian names. That is all data on the anti-German disturbances in Moscow on May 27-29, 1915 (which was an event of great importance), that have been preserved in the Central State Archive of Moscow. Probably, some information may be obtained in the Russian State Military History Archive (fonds of the Moscow military district staff and its court martials and those of the military censorship). The major array of sources should have been deposited in the papers of the Senate commission headed by N. S. Krasheninnikov. It was created on June 8, 1915 in order to investigate causes and initiators of the pogroms. The investigation resulted in discharge of High Commissioner Yusupov and in committal of City Governor Adrianov and Polizeimeister Sevenard for trial.

Frederick William Shotton, 8 October 1906 - 21 July 1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
City Council ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The Family ◽  
Drop Forging ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City ◽  
A Company ◽  
Justice Of The Peace ◽  
Political Scene

Frederick William Shotton was born on 8 October 1906 at Exhall, Coventry, the son of Fredrick John Shotton and Ada Shotton, well known figures on both the industrial and political scene in Coventry. In 1905 his father had founded the Albion Drop Forging Company at Holbrooks, north Coventry, a company that had a remarkable record for making car components and for the manufacture of munitions during two World Wars, a record of which Fred Shotton was justly proud. The family were staunch Liberals, and his father, though in his early days a socialist, was President of the Coventry Liberal Society, for four years a member of the Coventry City Council and for many years a Justice of the Peace in the city. In 1930 Fred married Alice Louise Linnett at St Paul’s Church, Foleshill, Coventry with whom he shared a common interest in natural history. Alice was the only daughter of John and Alice Linnett who kept a drapers shop in Smithford Street, Coventry. Later John Linnett opened a ribbon making factory on Foleshill Road, Coventry with which Alice Shotton retained an interest well into the post-war years. They had two daughters, Anne Elizabeth and Margaret Alice, who are both married with sons and daughters of their own. Alice Shotton died in 1979. Fred Shotton remarried in 1983 to Lucille Bailey of Portland, Oregon, who provided him with tender loving care during the last years of his life when gradually failing health kept him from his field work and to a greater and greater extent confined him to home. He died on 21 July 1990. Lucille survives him and still lives in their house in Dorridge near Solihull.

scholarly journals Sources to the History of the Education Society ‘Prosvita’ in Sumy (1917-1918)

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav O. Artyukh ◽  
Hennadiy M. Ivanushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Local State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Education Society ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
State Language

This work is dedicated to the publication and analysis of 15 previously unknown documents from the history of ‘Prosvita’ society during the Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1918). Some of the documents are now stored in the funds of the State Archive of Sumy Oblast and the Central State Archive of Supreme Authorities and Governments of Ukraine, the another section are newspaper publications in rare editions and a memoir. The contents of the documents testify that in Sumy the ‘Prosvita’ Society was established on April 9, 1917, and already on May 21 strongly declared itself, becoming the organizer of the Shevchenko festival. At the same time, the Society made proposals to name one of the city streets by the name of Taras Shevchenko, and erect a monument in memory of him. Sumy ‘Prosvita’ took an active part in the Ukrainianization of the local state administrations when the Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyj was a ruler of Ukraine. At ‘Prosvita’, courses in Ukrainian Studies and Ukrainian were opened for civil servants, teachers, and all who were interested. In October 1918, during the discussion around the introduction of two state languages in Ukraine – the Ukrainian and Russian, congresses of the ‘Prosvita’ societies of Sumy district unambiguously had spoken in favor of the Ukrainian language as the only state language and a resolution was sent to Hetman Skoropadskyj. Also, ‘Prosvita’ constantly had organized literary meetings and concerts, lectures, most often in its premises. Here, the famous Ukrainian writer Hnat Hotkevych had lectured on the history of Ukraine from October 15, 1918. In addition, lectures on national issues here were read by Yakiv Mamontov, V. Kolomiets, Mykola Yukhnovsky. On October 3, 1918, a concert of the famous kobzar Ivan Kuchuhura-Kucherenko was scheduled in the premises of ‘Prosvita’. Also, theatrical activity was one of the main activities of ‘Prosvita’. Prosvita in Sumy had staged performances at the Korepanov Theatre, which they rented. A Ukrainian choir also performed at the ‘Prosvita’. In 1918, at the time of the Ukrainian State of Hetman P. Skoropadskyj, the most significant in the activity of Sumy ‘Prosvita’ was the opening by virtue of his efforts, Ukrainian grammar schools. Grammar schools were started to act in Sumy and in Nyzhnia Syrovatka and Yunakivka villages. The documents provided make it possible to carry out a reasoned reconstruction of national and cultural life in Sumy during the Ukrainian Revolution, they will undoubtedly interest historians and local historians and will stimulate further research in this direction, as they shed additional light on the history of cultural and educational work in Sumy, as well as wider the role of “Prosvita” in the processes of modern Ukrainian national formation. Keywords: Sumy, “Prosvita”, revolution, Ukrainianization, education, Ukrainian language, theatre, Taras Shevchenko.

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