Production of magnets from the material of Fe - Cr - Co system by selective laser sintering

The article presents results of the study of possibilities of selective laser melting (SLM), or so-called additive technologies, for production of permanent magnets. This process makes it possible to produce not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products using layer-by-layer addition of material and binding of particles and layers to each other. An alloy based on Fe - Cr - Co system has been chosen as the material for evaluation of the compared technologies for permanent magnets production. The application fields of selective laser melting (SLM/SLP) were considered. The powders obtained by different methods are taken for the research. Classical technology of magnetic alloy casting also was analyzed. The studies of magnetic materials and comparisons of the properties of powder magnets with standard data were carried out. On the basis of 25Kh15KA alloy powder sprayed by gas atomization, permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59 - 7.55 g/cm3 can be manufactured at the SLP plant. They meet the requirements recommended by the state standard GOST 24897 - 81, and achieve characteristics of magnets made by classical metallurgical technologies. To study the magnetic and physical properties, four samples were produced with the same geometry in the shape of a cube. During production of each of the test samples, different operating modes of the plant were selected. Samples were made on the basis of the “Kurchatov Institute” NRS enterprise (the “Prometheus” Central Research Institute of Construction Materials) as part of the NIO-35 technological complex. It was established that characteristics of the powders obtained by gas atomization qualitatively exceed characteristics of the powders obtained by other methods, and the produced magnets meet all the requirements for magnets.

Digital transformation as an adaptation factor for personnel to realise productive capacity in a pandemic

The directions for the development of the enterprise digital environment are considered, and the ways to improve the professional competences of the enterprise staff, including the digital aspect, have been analysed. A questionnaire survey of the personnel of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering in 2019 and 2020 using the methodology “Assessment of personnel capability (Manageability Assessment)” revealed the problems determined by the digital transformation process. Significant components for staff have been identified, including clarity of understanding of their place in the project, appreciation of task setting, staff focus on the overall end result, and functional interpersonal interaction. In analysing levels of manageability levels, the influence on the staff labor activity the factors such as remuneration, social and living conditions in the enterprise, ergonomic conditions at the workplace, interpersonal horizontal and vertical relationships in the team, and social effectiveness of management, have been studied. The findings provide the basis for practical recommendations to Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering management on changing the enterprise organisational culture to activate the staff labor potential. This solved the problems identified, improving the efficiency of staff working remotely in a pandemic and the manageability of staff across the enterprise as a whole.

Development of enzyme immunoassay for detecting I and II types of shiga-like toxins

Introduction. The aim of the work was development of enzyme immunoassay for detecting I and II types of shiga-like toxins and assessment of it diagnostic properties. Materials and methods. For the research, we used hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to shiga-like toxins of types I and II, obtained at the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “48 Central Research Institute” of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation (Kirov); BALB/c mice; shiga-like toxins of types I and II. Hybridoma cells were cultured in culture flasks and in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. Monoclonal antibodies were isolated from ascitic fluids by precipitation with a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate, followed by purification by ion exchange chromatography. The obtained preparations of monoclonal antibodies were used to develop enzyme immunoassay for the detection of shiga-like toxins of types I and II. Specific components of enzyme immunoassay were freeze-dried in a protective environment. Results. As a result of research, preparative quantities of monoclonal antibodies against I and II types of shiga-like toxins were obtained and purified; selection of monoclonal antibodies for sorption on the solid phase and for the synthesis of immunoperoxidase conjugates was carried out. Conclusion. experimental enzyme immunoassay allowing to identify 1 ng/ml I and II types of shiga-like toxins in «sandwich»-ELISA was developed.

Genetic characteristics of group A rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region during various epidemic seasons

Objective. To analyze the genetic structure of rotaviruses of group A, circulating on the territory of the Orenburg region in different epidemic seasons.Materials and methods: The genetic structure of rotaviruses by G/P alleles was determined in 341 fecal samples of patients with gastroenteritis clinic under the age of 5 years in various epidemic seasons. ELISA and PCR methods were used. The typing of rotaviruses was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of molecular diagnostic and epidemiology of enteric infections of the Department molecular diagnostics Central research Institute of epidemiology.Results: The general genetic structure of group a rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region in the period from 2014—2020 was determined, expressed, by the frequencies of G/P alleles. The genetic potential of group a rotaviruses for the entire study period was represented by twelve variants of genotypes for G/P alleles, the leading role in the epidemic process was played by genotypes with the highest frequency of occurrence: G4[P]8, G9[P]8, G2[P]4, Mixt. The frequency of registration of combined forms of various rotavirus genotypes (Mixed forms) was 5,9%.Conclusion: The main and dominant genotypes, their regional diversity and inter-seasonal fluctuations are established. The spectrum of circulating rotavirus genotypes differed in different epidemic seasons, and their epidemic significance is shown.

History of Development of the Council of Young Scientists and Specialists of the Central Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy

Совет молодых ученых ФГБУ «НМИЦ РК» Минздрава России был создан приказом директора в 1972 году. Цель деятельности Совета — повышение уровня квалификации и содействия профессиональному росту молодых ученых, обеспечение преемственности в сфере отечественной науки, интеграция молодых ученых в приоритетные фундаментальные и прикладные научные исследования, а также защита прав и интересов молодых ученых в сфере профессиональной деятельности и оказание помощи в решении их социально-бытовых проблем

Role of Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Mechanism of Erythrocyte Protection During Cooling with CRIHBT-115 Cryopreservative Agent

The presence in the system of critical liquid-liquid phase transition (PT) by the mechanism, resulting in formation of dispersion system, namely high-concentrated emulsion, has been established here during cooling when using polarized light microscopy and fixation of critical opalescence phenomenon in erythrocyte concentrate with glycerol-containing cryopreservative agent, designed at the Central Research Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion (Russia) (CRIHBT-115 ). The studied cryobiological system displayed no signs of crystallization. A phase behaviour of cryopreservative and supernatant has been studied during cooling-warming cycle. Changes in the volume of cryopreservative and erythrocyte concentrate were comparatively and qualitatively evaluated during cooling. The mechanism of protective action of cryopreservation solution has been determined. The similarity between physical and chemical processes during cooling-warming of erythrocyte cytoplasm and garlic meristem cells (germinal plant tissue) when entering cold anabiosis has been established.

Prevalence of ARVI, influenza, and COVID-19 pathogens in individuals without symptoms of respiratory infection

Introduction. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by infected people without or with mild symptoms of acute respira-tory infection (ARI). Monitoring based on nucleic acid amplification techniques is used to measure the prevalence of ARI pathogens and to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures.The aim is to measure the prevalence of pathogens causing ARIs of viral etiology, influenza, and COVID-19 among individuals without ARI symptoms throughout age groups, to trace changes in the epidemic situation by weekly monitoring pathogens during the inter-epidemic period and at the beginning of a typical ARI epidemic season, to assess the effectiveness of medical masks for prevention of the above infections.Materials and methods. A total of 14,119 people (including 4,582 children) without ARI symptoms went through examination, including questionnaire surveys, in 26 regions of Russia from August to October 2020. Nasopharyn-geal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by using AmpliSens ARVI-screen-FL, AmpliSens Influenza virus A/B-FL, and AmpliSens Cov-Bat-FL reagent kits (The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow).Results. 11.1% of the tested samples showed positive results; the rhinovirus prevailed (7.32%), while SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1.66%. In autumn, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases increased from 0.49% to 4.02% (p < 0.001). The SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was up to 1010 copies/mL.Conclusions. Differences in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus among the age groups and over time were found and analyzed. Using of medical masks reduced the risk of infection with respiratory viruses and with SARS-CoV-2 by 51% and 34%, respectively. In case of prolonged exposure to a COVID-19 patient, healthy people must use a respirator for more effective protection. The individuals whose work was associated with a high level of social contacts were infected more rarely than other individuals in the same age group (p = 0.001); this fact supports the importance of anti-epidemic measures and commitment to their adherence by people whose profession entails frequent social contacts.

Use of the «BCR/ABL – multitest» kit in the algorithm of laboratory diagnostics of oncohematological diseases: economic aspects

Abnormal mRNAs of the hybrid BCR-ABL gene in the majority of cases initiate the synthesis of proteins with a mass of 210 kDa (p210), 190 kDa (p190), and 230 kDa (p230). Expression of the p210 variant is most common in CML (95% of cases), while the p190 and p230 variants are less common (1-4%). On the contrary, p190 predominates in ALL. Measurement of BCR/ABL gene expression is included in clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of CML and ALL as sequential tests in accordance with their occurrence. At the same time, in the context of primary patients testing with suspected hematological malignancies with a low prevalence of BCR-ABL positive patients in the cohort of examined individuals, sequential testing is associated with low cost-effectiveness. Purpose: approbation of a parallel algorithm for detecting all three (p210, p190 and p230) using the multiplex RT-PCR format implemented in the «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST» reagent kit. We used anonymized blood samples from patients with suspected CML, as well as samples from ALL patients before starting therapy. Testing of blood samples was carried out using two variants of the algorithm: sequential determination of individual BCR-ABL transcripts and parallel determination using the developed set of reagents «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST». To detect the p210 transcript, a commercial kit «AmpliSens® Leukemia Quantum M-bcr-FRT» (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia) was used. Simultaneously, a test was used to detect all three variants of BCR-ABL transcripts using the «BCR/ABL - MULTITEST» reagent kit based on a monochrome multiplex reaction «in one test tube». Reverse transcription were carried out using the REVERTA-L reagent kit (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Using the reagent kits «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST» and «AmpliSens® Leukemia Quantum M-bcr-FRT» there is a high level of correlation of quantitative results of determining the chimeric transcript BCR-ABL р210 (r = 0.99). When using the proposed parallel algorithm with the primary use of the «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST» reagent kit, out of 95 patients with suspected CML, 9 samples with p210 transcript were identified, one with p190 BCR / ABL, and in one case a transcript variant characteristic of chronic neutrophilic leukemia - p230 BCR / ABL. The estimated cost for detecting one positive case of BCR-ABL when using the parallel diagnostic algorithm «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST» with a focused flow of studies is reduced by about 2 times due to a decrease in the amount of laboratory plastic used and the volume of the reaction mixture, as well as the absence of the need for repeated separate tests to detect p190 and p230. The use of the multiplex PCR-RT test system «BCR/ABL-MULTITEST» allows detecting in one test tube all three main variants of BCR-ABL transcripts - p210, p190, p230 and achieving significant resource savings when examining a cohort of patients with suspected CML and ALL and low frequency of positive samples.

History of Development of the Council of Young Scientists and Specialists of the Central Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy

Совет молодых ученых ФГБУ «НМИЦ РК» Минздрава России был создан приказом директора в 1972 году. Цель деятельности Совета — повышение уровня квалификации и содействия профессиональному росту молодых ученых, обеспечение преемственности в сфере отечественной науки, интеграция молодых ученых в приоритетные фундаментальные и прикладные научные исследования, а также защита прав и интересов молодых ученых в сфере профессиональной деятельности и оказание помощи в решении их социально-бытовых проблем.

Development of Elisa Test-Systems and Immune-Chromatographic Reagent Panel Designed for the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins of A and B Types

Objective of the study was the development of experimental ELISA tests and lateral flow immunoassays for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins, A and B types.Materials and methods. Hybridomas, producing monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B from State Collection of the Affiliated Branch of the “48th Central Research Institute” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, BALB/c mice and staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B were used in the research. Hybridoma cells were incubated in culture flasks and in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. Monoclonal antibodies were isolated from ascitic fluids through precipitation with saturated ammonium sulfate subsequently purified using ion-exchange chromatography. Obtained preparations of monoclonal antibodies were used for the construction of ELISA tests and immune-chromatographic reagent panels for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B. Specific components of ELISA tests were lyophilized in protective media.Results and discussion. ELISA tests and lateral flow immunoassays which allow for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B at concentrations of 0.5 ng/ml and higher, including in food samples, have been constructed.