scholarly journals Middle Eastern Chronotope in the prose of S. S. Kondurushkin of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries: to articulation of the problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mikhailovna Vladimirova ◽  
Svetlana Anatol'evna Dubrovskaya ◽  
Dina Andreevna Dubrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Approach ◽  
First Time

The object of this research is the early prose of S. S. Kondurushkin (1874-1919), journalist and writer, who served five years as a teacher in the schools of the Middle East, an active participant in Russia’s literary-social life, an employee of the newspaper “Rech”, war correspondent, author of several compilations dedicated to the Middle East, Russian Volga Region, Novaya Zemlya, and Siberia. The subject of this research is the techniques and approaches of creating the Middle East in the essays and stories, which were published for the first time in the journals “Russian Wealth”, “Russian Thought”, and “History Herald”. Reference of the Russian writer to the problems of the Middle East at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, development of artistic techniques, reconstruction of the flavor and the corresponding elements of the narrative require indicating the methodology used in the article. Along with the traditional for academic literary studies comparative-historical, historical-cultural, imageological and biographical methods, the author turns to the colonial/postcolonial, as well as imperial/post-imperial formats of research, micro-history approach, “deliberate” and "distant” reading, as well as holistic analysis. The article is first to examine the artistic peculiarities of the early prose of S. S. Kondurushkin in the context of his interest in problems of the Middle East. Special attention is given to analysis of the essay “Damascus” (1903) that demonstrates that everyday life of the religion serves for the writer as a part of the Middle Eastern chronotope, within the structure of which there are not only historical time with its transformations, not only historical space and its modern modifications, but also the current events. Such articulation of the problem defines the novelty of this research and outlines its  prospects in further examination of the Middle Eastern chronotope of Russian literature of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, and academic pursuits dedicated to the creative path of S. S. Kondurushkin

scholarly journals Images of game and gamer in the space of literature and computer games

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Olga Anatol'evna Bychkova ◽  
Aleksandra Valer'evna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Queen Of Spades ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the images of game and gamers. In the space of literary work, they are arrayed in metaphorical and often demonic raiment, receiving moral-ethical interpretation in one or another way. The problem of game and gamer in criticism was regarded by Y. Mann (“On the Concept of Game as a Literary Image”), V. V. Vinogradov (“Style of the Queen of Spades”), E. Dobin (“Ace and Queen”, A. Pushkin’s “The Queen of Spades”), R. Caillois (“Games and People”), British writer and researcher of online games R, Bartle, American scientist Nick Yee, and many others. However, juxtaposition of literature sources on the topic to the research in the field of computer games is conducted for the first time. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive examination of the psychological game of the gamer based on the material of Russian literature (A. S. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades”, V. V. Nabokov The Luzhin Defense”) , as well as the modern computer games practice, in which psychological type of the gamer found its realization and development in accordance with genre diversity. Even the Russian classical literature depict game as an autonomous space that encompasses the gamer, and often has devastating effect on their personality. The author also observes an important characterological trait of the gamer: the conceptual, “literal” perception of the world, which is based on the reception of visual images of the world against verbal. Therefore, the Russian literature alongside the research practice of modern videogames from different angles approach examination of the images of “game and gamer”, cognize the factors and consequences of the problems that emerge in this object field, as well as seek for their solution. The data acquired in the course of the conducted comparative analysis is mutually enriching.

EFRAIM KARSH AND INARI KARSH, Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). Pp. 419. $29.95 cloth.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Charles D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Promotional Campaign ◽  
The 19Th Century

The subject of a promotional campaign by Harvard University Press, Empires of the Sand purports to challenge established scholarship with respect to the drawn-out demise of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1923. The Karshes argue that European imperialism was more benevolent than threatening and coexisted with Middle Eastern imperialisms—Ottoman, Egyptian, or Arab. In their view, European imperial powers “shored up” the Ottoman Empire rather than sought to deprive it of territories under its domain during the 19th century. To be sure, there was some European “nibbling at the edges of empire” (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya), but these incursions had little impact on the Ottomans; Cyprus (1878) is ignored. The only true “infringement on Ottoman territorial stability,” the British takeover of Egypt, happened by “chance not design,” with the blame attributed to Sultan Abdul Hamid's mismanagement of the crisis. The same story of Ottoman incompetence and attempts to manipulate European powers explains Ottoman loss of territory in the Balkans.

scholarly journals Charity organizations and financial aid rendered to the writers and scholars of white émigré in Europe in 1920’s – 1930’s

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-181
Author(s):  
Natalia Valerievna Evdoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Emigration ◽  
First Time

The subject of this research is the financial aid rendered by charity organizations of the Russian literature and scientific emigration to the writers and scholars in European countries over the period of 1920’s – 1930’s. The goal consists in determination of significance of the provided by beneficiaries financial assistance in the context of economic situation of the receiving country during the indicated historical period. The work examines the activity of organizations that rendered financial aid to the writers, journalists and scholars in such countries as France, Switzerland, Germany, Turkey (Constantinople) and Czechoslovakia. Methodology is based on the historical approach and principles of scientificity and objectivity. Quantitative, comparative and statistical methods are applied for the analysis of financial indexes. For achieving the set foal, the author analyzed a wide variety of sources from the Russian and foreign archives, some of which were published for the first time. As a result of the conducted research, the author acquired new data on the size of actual financial assistance rendered to the writers and scholars of white émigré. Assessment is conducted on the significance of such aid for successful social adaptation and overcoming of financial difficulties by the representatives of scientific and literature emigration. The article is addressed to all researchers of the organizations of white émigré.  

Crony Capitalism in the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Crony Capitalism ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Information

The popular uprisings in 2011 that overthrew Arab dictators were also a rebuke to crony capitalism, targeted against both rulers and their allied businessmen who had monopolized profitable economic opportunities. While the Middle East has witnessed a growing nexus between business and politics in the wake of economic liberalization, little is known about the nature of business cronies, the sectors in which they operate, the mechanisms used to favor them, and the possible impact of such crony relations on the region’s development. Combining inputs from leading scholars in the field, this volume presents a wealth of empirical evidence on the form and function of crony capitalism in the Middle East. The volume is unique in both its empirical focus and comparative scale. Analysis in individual chapters is empirically grounded, based on fine-grained data on the business activities of politically connected actors—furnishing, for the first time, information on the presence, numerical strength, and activities of politically connected entrepreneurs. This volume also substantially enhances our understanding of the mechanisms used to privilege connected businesses, and their possible impact on undermining growth and job creation of firms in the Middle East. It offers a major advance on our prior knowledge of Middle Eastern political economy, and constitutes a distinct contribution to the global literature on crony capitalism and the politics of development. The book will be an essential resource for students, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Demographic and Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa: Processes, Spatial Patterns, and Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
M. Murat Yüceşahin ◽  
A. Yiğitalp Tulga
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Middle East and North Africa region has been an important player in the swift demographic transition process that happened in many parts of the developing world starting in the mid-twentieth century. This demographic change was not independent from the developmental efforts and political transformations that the region was experiencing. Social and demographic change in the Middle East and North Africa brought with them power struggles, changes in social and political structures, and confusion in all areas of social life, all of which could be seen in the region. This paper focuses on the more general aspects of the demographic and social characteristics in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa in 1950, 1980, and 2015, bearing in mind the relationship between mentalities and events, and dealing with the issue through the lens of social change, demographic change, resistance, and the struggle for political change in an international context. This study has two main approaches. First, it investigates demographic changes and spatial clustering with a qualitative (cluster analysis) approach in Middle Eastern and North Africa countries based on selected demographic indicators for the years 1950, 1980, and 2015. Then it discusses the relationship between the outcomes of these demographic changes and recent socio-political developments in the region. One of the main findings of this study is MENA countries present three different structures in different time-periods in terms of demographics and these structures are responsible for the regional social, economic, and political transformations.

The Place of Islamic Law in Modern Arab Legal Systems: A Brief for Researchers and Reference Librarians

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Sfeir
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
Short List ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Reference Librarians ◽  
The Subject

Ever since Joseph Schacht, whose book An Introduction to Islamic Law is on the short list of books on Middle East law, said that Islamic law is the epitome of Islamic thought, in other words, you can't understand Islam without understanding Islamic law, Middle Eastern studies and their journals invariably include classical Islamic law in their coverage of the subject with little attention given to modern legislation. This is particularly obvious in the bibliography of periodical literature which disregards the increasing number of studies on the modern law of the Middle East appearing in law journals. Even entries described as positive law, a category recently added to John and Marianne Makdisi's eminently useful compilation on Islamic law, comes no closer to giving a realistic picture of the applicable law. To illustrate what I mean, titles under positive law dealing with insurance, banking, and interest, concentrate on Islamic law's position on these subject-matters at a time when modern legislation in most Arab states has completely discarded that position.

Making Sense of the Plural-Religious Past and the Modern-Secular Present of the Islamic Malay World and Malaysia

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Plural Society

AbstractThis essay is a brief survey of some fundamental aspects of Islam and Muslims in the Islamic Malay world and Malaysia. Ethnic, linguistic and cultural variation is the norm in the region. In addition, the region is heir to Hindu and Buddhist traditions and also to three European colonial systems of government and administration (Portuguese, Dutch and British). Islam is but one among these. In some aspects of life it has been considerably reformulated by them. Thus, to understand Islam in the Malay world and Malaysia, one must begin with data from the area rather than with some Middle Eastern and theological formulations of Islam. Yet, we have to recognize that Islam is a universal theology originating from the Arabic Middle East. Therefore, a more informed analysis and understanding of Islam and Muslims in the Malay world, Malaysia and in their contemporary articulations must be "embedded" in the historical reality of both the plurality and plural society templates that have become the "moulds" of current secular modern social life in the region.

Nanochemistry: The Development and Implementation of a New Graduate Elective at the Middle Eastern Technical University in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
The World ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical University ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTIt seems that a day cannot pass without reading a headline in the popular press or scientific magazines extolling the potential of nanotechnology and nanoscience. The excitement is justifiable and the new generation of researchers and workers in this discipline will need a whole new range of skills and vocabulary to understand and progress this exciting field and for it to reach its full potential. In higher education and research establishments around the world most nanoscience or nanotechnology courses and textbooks, that have been developed, have been done so by engineering or physics departments and approach the subject from that perspective. The interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience, however, also includes chemists, which until recently have had to rely on these courses and books to gain an insight into this rapidly developing field. This has changed in the last year, or so, with exciting new books being published by chemists and aimed at chemistry students of all levels, In addition, chemistry departments around the world, are beginning to develop nanochemistry classes, particularly at the graduate level. Presented here is the structure and content of a new graduate elective that has been offered at the Middle Eastern Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. This course was offered for the first time in spring 2006 and is designed primarily to introduce and equip chemistry graduate students with some of the skills and tools needed to contribute to the growing nano related research interests that are burgeoning on campus, in the country and in the world. The design of the course, the textbook used, comments from the students, etc are discussed.

scholarly journals Defining the Role of Women in the Future of Political Leadership in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Basiri
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Status ◽  
Middle East Politics ◽  
The Arab Spring

Abstract Throughout the years and more recently, dictatorial governments have often posed challenges to women in the Middle East, such as in Saudi Arabia, where woman are still not allowed to drive. Although governments have exercised their power to restrict women from doing certain activities and leadership. If we take a look back at the revolutionary Arab Spring, women were a driving force in expressing their voice through the protests and creating an unprecedented impact to shift the status quo in the Middle East. In the early phase of the Arab Spring, women played a pivotal role in supporting the protests against tyranny and ensuring they played an active part in the protests. Women in the Middle East have often been subject to discrimination regardless whether or not they are oppressed. This paper evaluates the efforts of women and the current events that are developing a new face for Middle Eastern women and their role in the future of political leadership in the twenty-first century. The paper also indicates that women within the Middle East have full potential to become a serious and powerful force within their society if they will fully attach on to the idea of becoming serious actors. More importantly, once they do this and they impact their role within the family, they will then gradually impact social change within their country. What is important within this process is the idea that they continue on the path of fighting for their liberation and change, because all of these spears are interconnected for women to become fully liberated within a society they have to be able to be fully liberated within all of these spears. Finally, this paper discusses obstacles to women in Middle East politics and possible recommendations that will improve the overall levels of women’s political leadership in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Orientalism poetics: story by Leonid Solovyov “The Nomad”

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Author(s):  
Eleonora F. Shafranskaya ◽  
Tatyana V. Volokhova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice

The article deals with the problem of orientalism in literature, narrowed to the question of Russian orientalism and its Soviet derivation. The names of Nikolai Karazin and Andrey Platonov are mentioned among Russian literary Orientalists. The researchers identify the differences between Soviet Orientalism and the Orientalism of the XIX century. The analytical paradigm presented in the article outlines the prospects for the scientific study of Uzbek impressions. Salir-Gul (1933) by Sigismund Krzyzanowski and Pavel Zaltzman's novel Central Asia in the Middle Ages (1930s). For the first time, the novel The nomad (Kochevye) by the Russian writer of the twentieth century Leonid Solovyov written in 1929 and published in 1932 is analyzed in detail. Appeal to the folklore, ceremonial, and ritual life of the peoples of Central Asia becomes one of the main techniques of Leonid Solovyov's Oriental poetics. Solovyov's narrator is not a traditional orientalist observer of an alien, and therefore exotic, picture of the world. In Solovyov's poetics, the subject of the story merges with its object and represents a single whole: Russian literature spoke in the voice of a stranger. The material of the article corresponds to the intentions outlined in modern postcolonial studies.

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