scholarly journals Peer Review #1 of "The comparison of cold-water immersion and cold air therapy on maximal cycling performance and recovery markers following strength exercises (v0.1)"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Strength Exercises

scholarly journals The comparison of cold-water immersion and cold air therapy on maximal cycling performance and recovery markers following strength exercises

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane J. Hayter ◽  
Kenji Doma ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Glen B. Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Strength Exercises

This study examined the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) and cold air therapy (CAT) on maximal cycling performance (i.e. anaerobic power) and markers of muscle damage following a strength training session. Twenty endurance-trained but strength-untrained male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) participants were randomised into either: CWI (15 min in 14 °C water to iliac crest) or CAT (15 min in 14 °C air) immediately following strength training (i.e. 3 sets of leg press, leg extensions and leg curls at 6 repetition maximum, respectively). Creatine kinase, muscle soreness and fatigue, isometric knee extensor and flexor torque and cycling anaerobic power were measured prior to, immediately after and at 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 (T72) h post-strength exercises. No significant differences were found between treatments for any of the measured variables (p > 0.05). However, trends suggested recovery was greater in CWI than CAT for cycling anaerobic power at T24 (10% ± 2%, ES = 0.90), T48 (8% ± 2%, ES = 0.64) and T72 (8% ± 7%, ES = 0.76). The findings suggest the combination of hydrostatic pressure and cold temperature may be favourable for recovery from strength training rather than cold temperature alone.

scholarly journals Brain mapping after prolonged cycling and during recovery in the heat

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin De Pauw ◽  
Bart Roelands ◽  
Uroš Marušič ◽  
Helio Fernandez Tellez ◽  
Kristel Knaepen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Simulated Time

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prolonged intensive cycling and postexercise recovery in the heat on brain sources of altered brain oscillations. After a max test and familiarization trial, nine trained male subjects (23 ± 3 yr; maximal oxygen uptake = 62.1 ± 5.3 ml·min−1·kg−1) performed three experimental trials in the heat (30°C; relative humidity 43.7 ± 5.6%). Each trial consisted of two exercise tasks separated by 1 h. The first was a 60-min constant-load trial, followed by a 30-min simulated time trial (TT1). The second comprised a 12-min simulated time trial (TT2). After TT1, active recovery (AR), passive rest (PR), or cold water immersion (CWI) was applied for 15 min. Electroencephalography was measured at baseline and during postexercise recovery. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was applied to accurately pinpoint and localize altered electrical neuronal activity. After CWI, PR and AR subjects completed TT2 in 761 ± 42, 791 ± 76, and 794 ± 62 s, respectively. A prolonged intensive cycling performance in the heat decreased β activity across the whole brain. Postexercise AR and PR elicited no significant electrocortical differences, whereas CWI induced significantly increased β3 activity in Brodmann areas (BA) 13 (posterior margin of insular cortex) and BA 40 (supramarginal gyrus). Self-paced prolonged exercise in the heat seems to decrease β activity, hence representing decreased arousal. Postexercise CWI increased β3 activity at BA 13 and 40, brain areas involved in somatosensory information processing.

Immersion with menthol improves recovery between 2 cycling exercises in hot and humid environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Rinaldi ◽  
Than Tran Trong ◽  
Florence Riera ◽  
Katharina Appel ◽  
Olivier Hue
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Mean Power Output

Endurance exercise performance is impaired in a hot and humid environment. This study compared the effects of cold water immersion, with (CMWI) and without (CWI) menthol, on the recovery of cycling performance. Eight heat-acclimatized cyclists (age, 24.1 ± 4.4 years; mass, 65.3 ± 5.2 kg) performed 2 randomized sessions, each consisting of a 20-min cycling trial (T1) followed by 10 min of immersion during recovery and then a second 20-min cycling trial (T2). Mean power output and perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for both trials. Rectal (Trec) and skin temperatures were measured before and immediately after T1, immersion, and T2. Perceived thermal sensation (TS) and comfort were measured immediately after T1 and T2. Power output was significantly improved in T2 compared with T1 in the CMWI condition (+15.6%). Performance did not change in the CWI condition. After immersion, Trec was lower in CWI (–1.17 °C) than in CMWI (–0.6 °C). TS decreased significantly after immersion in both conditions. This decline was significantly more pronounced in CMWI (5.9 ± 1 to 3.6 ± 0.5) than in CWI (5.6 ± 0.9 to 4.4 ± 1.2). In CMWI, RPE was significantly higher in T1 (6.57 ± 0.9) than in T2 (5.14 ± 1.25). However, there was no difference in TC. This study suggests that menthol immersion probably (i) improves the performance of a repeated 20-min cycling bout, (ii) decreases TS, and (iii) impairs thermoregulation processes.

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