scholarly journals A protocol for rapid evidence synthesis into soil loosening as an intervention to ameliorate compaction caused by dairy farming and the impacts of this for productivity and sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Amy Taylor ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the effectiveness of soil loosening to ameliorate compaction caused by cattle treading from dairy production on UK dairy farms. The review will synthesise relevant literature that explores the impacts that can be derived from mechanical soil loosening for improved soil quality, productivity (i.e. yield) and the environment. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis approaches.

scholarly journals A protocol for rapid evidence synthesis into soil loosening as an intervention to ameliorate compaction caused by dairy farming and the impacts of this for productivity and sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Amy Taylor Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the effectiveness of soil loosening to ameliorate compaction caused by cattle treading from dairy production on UK dairy farms. The review will synthesise relevant literature that explores the impacts that can be derived from mechanical soil loosening for improved soil quality, productivity (i.e. yield) and the environment. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis approaches.

scholarly journals On-farm intervention for improving water quality: livestock exclusion fencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Taylor ◽  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
On Farm

The proposed protocol is for a rapid evidence synthesis analysis into the use of livestock exclusion fencing as an on-farm intervention for improving water quality. The primary objectives are to assess the use of livestock exclusion fencing to improve water quality by reducing nutrient load, the presence of faecal indicator organisms and sediment load in watercourses on farms. The secondary objectives include evaluating how stocking density/land cover and watercourse size moderate the impacts of exclusion fencing on water quality. The protocol outlines the rationale and objects of the review, and the inclusion criteria, search strategy, data extraction, statistical analysis, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals On-farm intervention for improving water quality: livestock exclusion fencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Taylor ◽  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
On Farm

The proposed protocol is for a rapid evidence synthesis analysis into the use of livestock exclusion fencing as an on-farm intervention for improving water quality. The primary objectives are to assess the use of livestock exclusion fencing to improve water quality by reducing nutrient load, the presence of faecal indicator organisms and sediment load in watercourses on farms. The secondary objectives include evaluating how stocking density/land cover and watercourse size moderate the impacts of exclusion fencing on water quality. The protocol outlines the rationale and objects of the review, and the inclusion criteria, search strategy, data extraction, statistical analysis, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals A protocol for a meta-analysis of consumers’ and citizens willingness-to-pay for farm animal welfare and disease prevention

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Clark ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Luca A Panzone ◽  
Lynn J Frewer
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Data Synthesis

This article outlines a protocol for a meta-analysis into willingness-to-pay (WTP) for farm animal welfare. The analysis seeks to establish the public's WTP for farm animal welfare and whether there is evidence to support niche markets for products produced to designated and usually higher welfare standards. A number of secondary objectives will also be explored in relation to the heterogeneity within the data relating to a number of variables known to vary within existing data including; animal species, welfare measures, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tonifying-Shen (Kidney) Principle for Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Junquan Liang ◽  
Fengyi Wang ◽  
Jiajia Huang ◽  
Yunxiang Xu ◽  
Guizhen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Superior Effect

Objective. This study aimed to appraise the efficacy and safety of the tonifying-Shen (kidney) principle (TS (TK) principle) for primary osteoporosis (POP). Methods. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) using the TS (TK) principle for POP were searched from eight electronic databases to search for relevant literature that was published from the initiation to September 2019. Two reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, data synthesis, and quality assessment independently. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to assess the risk of bias and conduct the data synthesis. We assessed the quality of evidence for outcomes by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results. Thirty-six studies with 3617 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed a consistently superior effect of the TS (TK) principle combined with conventional Western medicine (CWM) in terms of total effectiveness rates (RR = 1.28; 95% CI (1.23, 1.33); P < 0.00001 ), BMD of the lumbar spine (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI (0.47, 0.95); P < 0.00001 ) and proximal femur (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI (0.49, 1.38); P < 0.00001 ), TCM symptom integral (SMD = −1.23; 95% CI (−1.43, −1.02); P < 0.00001 ), and VAS scores (SMD = −3.88; 95% CI (−5.29, −2.46); P < 0.00001 ), when compared to using CWM alone and with significant differences. Besides, in respect of adverse effects, it showed no significant statistical difference between the experimental and control groups, RR = 0.99 and 95% CI (0.65, 1.51), P = 0.97 . Conclusion. Our meta-analysis provides promising evidence to suggest that using the TS (TK) principle combined with CWM for POP is more effective than using CWM alone. Also, both of them are safe and reliable for POP.

scholarly journals Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056717
Author(s):  
Joseph G L Lee ◽  
Amanda Y Kong ◽  
Kerry B Sewell ◽  
Shelley D Golden ◽  
Todd B Combs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Study Selection

ObjectiveWe sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.Data sourcesTen databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.Study selectionIncluded studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.Data extractionEffect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.Data synthesisWe conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.ConclusionsAcross studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.

scholarly journals A protocol for a meta-analysis of consumers’ and citizens willingness-to-pay for farm animal welfare and disease prevention

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Clark ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Luca A Panzone ◽  
Lynn J Frewer
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Data Synthesis

This article outlines a protocol for a meta-analysis into willingness-to-pay (WTP) for farm animal welfare. The analysis seeks to establish the public's WTP for farm animal welfare and whether there is evidence to support niche markets for products produced to designated and usually higher welfare standards. A number of secondary objectives will also be explored in relation to the heterogeneity within the data relating to a number of variables known to vary within existing data including; animal species, welfare measures, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive impairment after neonatal sepsis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e038816
Author(s):  
Jen Heng Pek ◽  
Bei Jun Yap ◽  
Ming Ying Gan ◽  
Shu Ting Tammie Seethor ◽  
Rachel Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developmental Disability ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcomes

IntroductionThe effect of neonatal sepsis on the developing brain is not well documented. We aim to perform evidence synthesis to determine the outcome of neurodevelopmental impairment and intellectual disability among survivors of neonatal sepsis. The data gathered will inform on the long-term neurocognitive outcomes of neonates with sepsis and the measures used to document their developmental disability.Methods and analysisWe will perform a search based on the following parameters: neonates and infants less than 90 days old diagnosed with sepsis who had neurocognitive outcomes or measures of developmental disability reported. We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase and Web of Science for articles in English language published between January 2010 and December 2019. Clinical trials and observational studies will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen studies for eligibility. Data extraction will then be performed using a standardised form. The quality of evidence and risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Intervention (ROBINS-I). The results will be synthesised qualitatively and pooled for meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo formal ethical approval is required as there is no collection of primary data. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated through conference meetings and peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberRegistration submitted CRD42020164334

scholarly journals New meniscal tears after ACL injury: what is the risk? A systematic review protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guri Ranum Ekås ◽  
Clare Ardern ◽  
Hege Grindem ◽  
Lars Engebretsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis

BackgroundSecondary meniscal tears after ACL injuries increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis. The current literature on secondary meniscal injuries after ACL injury is not consistent and may have methodological shortcomings. This protocol describes the methods of a systematic review investigating the rate of secondary meniscal injuries in children and adults after treatment (operative or non-operative) for ACL injury.MethodsWe will search electronic databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Google Scholar) from database inception. Extracted data will include demographic data, methodology, intervention details and patient outcomes. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist for cohort studies. Article screening, eligibility assessment, risk of bias assessment and data extraction will be performed in duplicate by independent reviewers. A proportion meta-analysis will be performed if studies are homogeneous (I2<75%). If meta-analysis is precluded, data will be synthesised descriptively using best-evidence synthesis. The strength of recommendations and quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation working group methodology.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 22 March 2016.Trial registration numberCRD42016036788.

scholarly journals Prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040997
Author(s):  
Varo Kirthi ◽  
Paul Nderitu ◽  
Uazman Alam ◽  
Jennifer Evans ◽  
Sarah Nevitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of a higher than expected prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes. This paper presents the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of retinopathy in prediabetes. The aim of the review is to estimate the prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes and to summarise the current data.Methods and analysisThis protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive electronic bibliographic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies will report prevalence data for retinopathy on fundus photography in adults with prediabetes. No time restrictions will be placed on the date of publication. Screening for eligible studies and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently, using predefined inclusion criteria and prepiloted data extraction forms. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion, and if required, a third (senior) reviewer will arbitrate.The primary outcome is the prevalence of any standard features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on fundus photography, as per International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ICDRSS) classification. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of (1) any retinal microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography that are not standard features of DR as per ICDRSS classification and (2) any macular microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography, including but not limited to the presence of macular exudates, microaneurysms and haemorrhages. Risk of bias for included studies will be assessed using a validated risk of bias tool for prevalence studies. Pooled estimates for the prespecified outcomes of interest will be calculated using random effects meta-analytic techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a protocol for a systematic review and no primary data are to be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international meetings including Diabetes UK, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, American Diabetes Association and International Diabetes Federation conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184820.

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