scholarly journals On-farm intervention for improving water quality: livestock exclusion fencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Taylor ◽  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
On Farm

The proposed protocol is for a rapid evidence synthesis analysis into the use of livestock exclusion fencing as an on-farm intervention for improving water quality. The primary objectives are to assess the use of livestock exclusion fencing to improve water quality by reducing nutrient load, the presence of faecal indicator organisms and sediment load in watercourses on farms. The secondary objectives include evaluating how stocking density/land cover and watercourse size moderate the impacts of exclusion fencing on water quality. The protocol outlines the rationale and objects of the review, and the inclusion criteria, search strategy, data extraction, statistical analysis, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals On-farm intervention for improving water quality: livestock exclusion fencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Taylor ◽  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
On Farm

The proposed protocol is for a rapid evidence synthesis analysis into the use of livestock exclusion fencing as an on-farm intervention for improving water quality. The primary objectives are to assess the use of livestock exclusion fencing to improve water quality by reducing nutrient load, the presence of faecal indicator organisms and sediment load in watercourses on farms. The secondary objectives include evaluating how stocking density/land cover and watercourse size moderate the impacts of exclusion fencing on water quality. The protocol outlines the rationale and objects of the review, and the inclusion criteria, search strategy, data extraction, statistical analysis, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals A protocol for rapid evidence synthesis into soil loosening as an intervention to ameliorate compaction caused by dairy farming and the impacts of this for productivity and sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Amy Taylor ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the effectiveness of soil loosening to ameliorate compaction caused by cattle treading from dairy production on UK dairy farms. The review will synthesise relevant literature that explores the impacts that can be derived from mechanical soil loosening for improved soil quality, productivity (i.e. yield) and the environment. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis approaches.

scholarly journals A protocol for rapid evidence synthesis into soil loosening as an intervention to ameliorate compaction caused by dairy farming and the impacts of this for productivity and sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kendall ◽  
Amy Taylor Kendall ◽  
Mark Reed ◽  
Gavin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the effectiveness of soil loosening to ameliorate compaction caused by cattle treading from dairy production on UK dairy farms. The review will synthesise relevant literature that explores the impacts that can be derived from mechanical soil loosening for improved soil quality, productivity (i.e. yield) and the environment. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis approaches.

scholarly journals Promoting Diet and Physical Activity in Nurses

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Torquati ◽  
Toby Pavey ◽  
Tracy Kolbe-Alexander ◽  
Michael Leveritt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Data Source

Objective. To systematically review the effectiveness of intervention studies promoting diet and physical activity (PA) in nurses. Data Source. English language manuscripts published between 1970 and 2014 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, as well as those accessed with the PICO tool, were reviewed. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Inclusion criteria comprised (1) nurses/student nurses working in a health care setting and (2) interventions where PA and/or diet behaviors were the primary outcome. Exclusion criteria were (1) non–peer-reviewed articles or conference abstracts and (2) interventions focused on treatment of chronic conditions or lifestyle factors other than PA or diet in nurses. Data Extraction. Seventy-one full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Data Synthesis. Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and narrative summary. Results. Nine (n = 737 nurses) studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of the studies was low to moderate. Four studies reported an increase in self-reported PA through structured exercise and goal setting. Dietary outcomes were generally positive, but were only measured in three studies with some limitations in the assessment methods. Two studies reported improved body composition without significant changes in diet or PA. Conclusions. Outcomes of interventions to change nurses’ PA and diet behavior are promising, but inconsistent. Additional and higher quality interventions that include objective and validated outcome measures and appropriate process evaluation are required.

scholarly journals A protocol for a meta-analysis of consumers’ and citizens willingness-to-pay for farm animal welfare and disease prevention

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Clark ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Luca A Panzone ◽  
Lynn J Frewer
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Data Synthesis

This article outlines a protocol for a meta-analysis into willingness-to-pay (WTP) for farm animal welfare. The analysis seeks to establish the public's WTP for farm animal welfare and whether there is evidence to support niche markets for products produced to designated and usually higher welfare standards. A number of secondary objectives will also be explored in relation to the heterogeneity within the data relating to a number of variables known to vary within existing data including; animal species, welfare measures, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The protocol outlines the rationale, objectives, inclusion criteria, search strategy and screening processes for the meta-analysis, and the plans for data extraction, risk of bias and data synthesis.

scholarly journals Hearing Disorders in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Corrêa ◽  
Luciana Maximino ◽  
Silke Weber
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Moderate Evidence

Introduction Several studies show correlations between congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing loss, with a broad diversity of levels of hearing loss and specifications of hearing disorders. Objective To describe the studies found in the literature regarding hearing disorders in congenital toxoplasmosis. Data Synthesis A literature review was conducted on the Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed and Scopus databases by combining the following keywords: congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing. Based on this search strategy, 152 papers were found, the majority published on the Scopus and PubMed databases from 1958 to 2015. After the application of the inclusion criteria, 8 articles published between 1980 and 2015 were included in the present study. Conclusion This review showed a moderate evidence of the association between hearing disorders and congenital toxoplasmosis, which is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss. However, there are gaps in the description of the specific characteristics of the type and level of hearing loss, or of other possible disorders involved in the auditory processing.

scholarly journals Frameworks and quality measures used for debriefing in team-based simulation: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Endacott ◽  
Thomas Gale ◽  
Anita O’Connor ◽  
Samantha Dix
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
High Quality Score

ObjectivesThe skill of the debriefer is known to be the strongest independent predictor of the quality of simulation encounters yet educators feel underprepared for this role. The aim of this review was to identify frameworks used for debriefing team-based simulations and measures used to assess debriefing quality.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, MedLine and Embase databases for simulation studies that evaluated a debriefing framework. Two reviewers evaluated study quality and retrieved information regarding study methods, debriefing framework, outcome measures and debriefing quality.ResultsA total of 676 papers published between January 2003 and December 2017 were identified using the search protocol. Following screening of abstracts, 37 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, 26 studies met inclusion criteria for quality appraisal and 18 achieved a sufficiently high-quality score for inclusion in the evidence synthesis. A debriefing framework was used in all studies, mostly tailored to the study. Impact of the debrief was measured using satisfaction surveys (n=11) and/or participant performance (n=18). Three themes emerged from the data synthesis: selection and training of facilitators, debrief model and debrief assessment. There was little commonality across studies in terms of participants, experience of faculty and measures used.ConclusionsA range of debriefing frameworks were used in these studies. Some key aspects of debrief for team-based simulation, such as facilitator training, the inclusion of a reaction phase and the impact of learner characteristics on debrief outcomes, have no or limited evidence and provide opportunities for future research particularly with interprofessional groups.

scholarly journals How Do Contextual Factors Influence Implementation and Receipt of Positive Youth Development Programs Addressing Substance Use and Violence? A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Process Evaluations

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1110-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Dickson ◽  
G. J. Melendez-Torres ◽  
Adam Fletcher ◽  
Kate Hinds ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Process Evaluations

Objective: Positive youth development (PYD) often aims to prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drugs use and violence. We systematically reviewed PYD interventions, synthesizing process, and outcomes evidence. Synthesis of outcomes, published elsewhere, found no overall evidence of reducing substance use or violence but notable variability of fidelity. Our synthesis of process evaluations examined how implementation varied and was influenced by context. Data Source: Process evaluations of PYD aiming to reduce substance use and violence. Study Inclusion Criteria: Overall review published since 1985; written in English; focused on youth aged 11 to 18 years; focused on interventions addressing multiple positive assets; reported on theory, process, or outcomes; and concerned with reducing substance use or violence. Synthesis of process evaluations examined how implementation varies with or is influenced by context. Data Extraction: Two reviewers in parallel. Data Synthesis: Thematic synthesis. Results: We identified 12 reports. Community engagement enhanced program appeal. Collaboration with other agencies could broaden the activities offered. Calm but authoritative staff increased acceptability. Staff continuity underpinned diverse activities and durable relationships. Empowering participants were sometimes in tension with requiring them to engage in diverse activities. Conclusion: Our systematic review identified factors that might help improve the fidelity and acceptability of PYD interventions. Addressing these might enable PYD to fulfill its potential as a means of promoting health.

Impact on Decisions to Start or Continue Medicines of Providing Information to Patients about Possible Benefits and/or Harms

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Crockett ◽  
Stephen Sutton ◽  
Fiona M. Walter ◽  
Megan Clinch ◽  
Theresa M. Marteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Impact

Background. The impact of providing information about medicines to patients on decisions about starting or continuing them is unknown. Purpose. To estimate the impact on decisions to start or continue medicines, of providing information to patients about possible benefits and/or harms. Data Sources. Electronic searches from 1980 to October 2010; reference and citation searches of included studies. Study Selection. Two investigators assessed studies' eligibility against inclusion criteria: randomized or pseudorandomized trials; participants older than 16 years and deciding for themselves; one group received information about possible benefits and/or harms of a potentially beneficial medicine, compared with another who did not; d) a measure of decision about starting or continuing a medicine. Data Extraction. One investigator extracted all data, checked by a second. Data Synthesis. Eight studies were included, covering a range of medicines. There was no consistent impact of interventions on decisions about whether to start or continue medicines (pooled odds ratio 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–1.70; P = 0.74). Among those who received more information, knowledge was increased (pooled mean difference 8.47; 95% CI 2.17–14.77; P = 0.008), and decisional conflict was reduced (pooled mean difference -0.15; 95% CI -0.24 to -0.06; P = .001). Limitations. A small number of studies across different clinical contexts, of uncertain heterogeneity, were included. Conclusions. Providing information to patients about possible benefits and/or harms has no consistent effect on the number who decide to start or continue medicines, although it increases patients' knowledge and reduces their decisional conflict.

scholarly journals Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056717
Author(s):  
Joseph G L Lee ◽  
Amanda Y Kong ◽  
Kerry B Sewell ◽  
Shelley D Golden ◽  
Todd B Combs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Study Selection

ObjectiveWe sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.Data sourcesTen databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.Study selectionIncluded studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.Data extractionEffect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.Data synthesisWe conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.ConclusionsAcross studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document