scholarly journals Achilles heel of a powerful invader: restrictions on distribution and disappearance of feral pigs from a protected area in Northern Pantanal, Western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L P Cordeiro ◽  
Gabriel S Hofmann ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Flamarion B Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

This paper focus a rare case of natural disappearance of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in an extensive area without using traditional methods of eradication programs. The study was conducted both in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH) Sesc Pantanal and in an adjacent traditional private cattle ranch. In 1998 feral pigs were abundant and widely distributed in the PRNH. However, the feral pigs were gradually disappeared from the area and currently the absence of pigs in the PRNH contrasts with the adjacent cattle ranch where the species is abundant. To understand the current distribution of feral pigs in the region we partitioned the effects of variation of feral pigs presence considering the habitat structure (local), landscape composition and the occurrence of potential predators. Additionally, we modeled the distributions of feral pigs in Northern Pantanal, projecting into the past using the classes of vegetation cover before the PRNH implementation (year 1988). Our results show areas with more suitability for feral pigs in region are a landscape dominated by pastures and permeated by patches of Seasonal Dry Forest. The species tends to avoid predominantly forested areas. Additionally, we recorded that the environmental suitability for feral pigs decreases exponentially as the distance from water bodies increases. The disappearance of feral pigs into PRNH area seems to be associated with changes in the landscape and vegetation structure after the removal of the cattle. In the Brazilian Pantanal the feral pigs occurrence seems strongly conditioned to environmental changes associated to livestock activity.

scholarly journals Achilles heel of a powerful invader: restrictions on distribution and disappearance of feral pigs from a protected area in Northern Pantanal, Western Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L.P. Cordeiro ◽  
Gabriel S. Hofmann ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Flamarion B. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

This paper focuses on a rare case of natural disappearance of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in an extensive area without using traditional methods of eradication programs. The study was conducted both in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH) Sesc Pantanal and in an adjacent traditional private cattle ranch. In 1998, feral pigs were abundant and widely distributed in the PRNH. However, the feral pigs gradually disappeared from the area and currently, the absence of pigs in the PRNH contrasts with the adjacent cattle ranch where the species is abundant. To understand the current distribution of the species in the region we partitioned the effects of variation of feral pigs’ presence considering the habitat structure (local), landscape composition and the occurrence of potential predators. Additionally, we modeled the distributions of the species in Northern Pantanal, projecting into the past using the classes of vegetation cover before the PRNH implementation (year 1988). Our results show areas with more suitability for feral pigs in regions where the landscape is dominated by pastures and permeated by patches of Seasonal Dry Forest. The species tends to avoid predominantly forested areas. Additionally, we recorded that the environmental suitability decreases exponentially as the distance from water bodies increases. The disappearance of feral pigs in the PRNH area seems to be associated with changes in the landscape and vegetation structure after the removal of the cattle. In the Brazilian Pantanal, the feral pigs’ occurrence seems strongly conditioned to environmental changes associated to livestock activity.

scholarly journals Achilles heel of a powerful invader: restrictions on distribution and disappearance of feral pigs from a protected area in Northern Pantanal, Western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L P Cordeiro ◽  
Gabriel S Hofmann ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Flamarion B Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

This paper focus a rare case of natural disappearance of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in an extensive area without using traditional methods of eradication programs. The study was conducted both in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH) Sesc Pantanal and in an adjacent traditional private cattle ranch. In 1998 feral pigs were abundant and widely distributed in the PRNH. However, the feral pigs were gradually disappeared from the area and currently the absence of pigs in the PRNH contrasts with the adjacent cattle ranch where the species is abundant. To understand the current distribution of feral pigs in the region we partitioned the effects of variation of feral pigs presence considering the habitat structure (local), landscape composition and the occurrence of potential predators. Additionally, we modeled the distributions of feral pigs in Northern Pantanal, projecting into the past using the classes of vegetation cover before the PRNH implementation (year 1988). Our results show areas with more suitability for feral pigs in region are a landscape dominated by pastures and permeated by patches of Seasonal Dry Forest. The species tends to avoid predominantly forested areas. Additionally, we recorded that the environmental suitability for feral pigs decreases exponentially as the distance from water bodies increases. The disappearance of feral pigs into PRNH area seems to be associated with changes in the landscape and vegetation structure after the removal of the cattle. In the Brazilian Pantanal the feral pigs occurrence seems strongly conditioned to environmental changes associated to livestock activity.

scholarly journals Climate and environmental changes during the past millennium in central western Guizhou, China as recorded by Stalagmite ZJD-21

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tz-Shing Kuo ◽  
Zi-Qi Liu ◽  
Hong-Chun Li ◽  
Nai-Jung Wan ◽  
Chuan-Chou Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Guizhou ◽  
Past Millennium

Vegetational and environmental changes in the eastern Venetian coastal plain (Northern Italy) over the past 80,000 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 253 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 300-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Canali ◽  
Luca Capraro ◽  
Sandra Donnici ◽  
Federica Rizzetto ◽  
Rossana Serandrei-Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Past

Climate and environmental context of the Mongol invasion of Syria and defeat at ‘Ayn Jālūt (1258–1260 CE)

Erdkunde ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Nicola Di Cosmo ◽  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
Ulf Büntgen
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Reconstructions

After a successful conquest of large parts of Syria in 1258 and 1259 CE, the Mongol army lost the battle of 'Ayn Jālūt against Mamluks on September 3, 1260 CE. Recognized as a turning point in world history, their sudden defeat triggered the reconfiguration of strategic alliances and geopolitical power not only in the Middle East, but also across much of Eurasia. Despite decades of research, scholars have not yet reached consensus over the causes of the Mongol reverse. Here, we revisit previous arguments in light of climate and environmental changes in the aftermath of one the largest volcanic forcings in the past 2500 years, the Samalas eruption ~1257 CE. Regional tree ring-based climate reconstructions and state-of-the-art Earth System Model simulations reveal cooler and wetter conditions from spring 1258 to autumn 1259 CE for the eastern Mediterranean/Arabian region. We therefore hypothesize that the post-Samalas climate anomaly and associated environmental variability affected an estimated 120,000 Mongol soldiers and up to half a million of their horses during the conquest. More specifically, we argue that colder and wetter climates in 1258 and 1259 CE, while complicating and slowing the campaign in certain areas, such as the mountainous regions in the Caucasus and Anatolia, also facilitated the assault on Syria between January and March 1260. A return to warmer and dryer conditions in the summer of 1260 CE, however, likely reduced the regional carrying capacity and may therefore have forced a mass withdrawal of the Mongols from the region that contributed to the Mamluks’ victory. In pointing to a distinct environmental dependency of the Mongols, we offer a new explanation of their defeat at 'Ayn Jālūt, which effectively halted the further expansion of the largest ever land-based empire.

scholarly journals A network-based approach to deciphering a dynamic microbiome’s response to a subtle perturbation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Tzun-Wen Shaw ◽  
An-Chi Liu ◽  
Chieh-Yin Weng ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen ◽  
Cheng-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

Abstract Over the past decades, one main issue that has emerged in ecological and environmental research is how losses in biodiversity influence ecosystem dynamics and functioning, and consequently human society. Although biodiversity is a common indicator of ecosystem functioning, it is difficult to measure biodiversity in microbial communities exposed to subtle or chronic environmental perturbations. Consequently, there is a need for alternative bioindicators to detect, measure, and monitor gradual changes in microbial communities against these slight, chronic, and continuous perturbations. In this study, microbial networks before and after subtle perturbations by adding S. acidaminiphila showed diverse topological niches and 4-node motifs in which microbes with co-occurrence patterns played the central roles in regulating and adjusting the intertwined relationships among microorganisms in response to the subtle environmental changes. This study demonstrates that microbial networks are a good bioindicator for chronic perturbation and should be applied in a variety of ecological investigations.

scholarly journals Understanding Wildlife Crime from Eco-Existential and African Perspectives: A Psycho-Philosophical Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11675
Author(s):  
Claude-Hélène Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Existential Givens

Wildlife crime has huge consequences regarding global environmental changes to animals, plants and the entire ecosystem. Combatting wildlife crime effectively requires a deep understanding of human–wildlife interactions and an analysis of the influencing factors. Conservation and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting wildlife and the ecosystem and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies. However, the past years have shown that wildlife crime is not easy to combat and it is argued in this article that there are underlying existential “givens” and culture-specific aspects that need to be investigated to understand why wildlife crime is still on the rise. This theoretical article explores (eco-)existential perspectives, Greening’s four givens and selected African philosophical concepts, aiming to understand the complexities behind the prevalence of wildlife crime within global and African contexts.

scholarly journals The vegetation of Tshanini Game Reserve and a comparison with equivalent units in the Tembe Elephant Park in Maputaland, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Gaugris ◽  
W.S. Matthews ◽  
M.W. Van Rooyen ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Northern Maputaland

The Tembe Elephant Park was proclaimed in 1983 after negotiations between the then KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resources and the Tembe Tribal Authority in consultation with the local communities of northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The park boundaries were subsequently fenced and animal numbers started to increase. The fence has kept the utilisation of renewable natural resources by the local communities at bay for the past 19 years. In this period, the vegetation of the park has been utilised only by the indigenous fauna, but it has been affected by management decisions and possibly also regional environmental changes.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics in Pre-Modern China

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Population History ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
The Past

China constituted one of the earliest civilizations in the world. During most of the past two millennia, China was also one of the most advanced economies and the home of around a quarter of the world’s population. By the start of the first millennium, the Chinese population was already about sixty million. In the next two thousand years, China’s population growth and economic development significantly influenced the world’s population changes and history. Partly for these reasons, in the study of population and social history, China’s historical population growth, demographic regimes, marriage patterns, and household formation systems are frequently used as examples in the discussion of population changes, microsocial structure, and their relationships with natural resources and economic development in past times. Population changes were one of the key components of Chinese history. The size and density of the population, the rise and fall of fertility and mortality, and the increase and decrease of population movements were not only related to demographic factors such as age structure. They were also strongly affected by political and economic conditions, social institutions and cultural traditions, and natural and social environments. Therefore, studies of demographic history, those conducted recently in particular, often shed new light on economic, political, social, and environmental changes in the past. This bibliography, through reviewing major works published in Chinese and English, provides an introduction to China’s main historical population data sources, major research questions, and debates in the study of Chinese population history. It also introduces recent advances in Chinese historical demography and important research findings made by these developments.

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