scholarly journals An assessment of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Colette Berbesque ◽  
Kara C Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Age Range

Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2500-6500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n=92) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5 – 5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5 - 5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress—the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1- 4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = -0.381, p = 0.005).

scholarly journals An assessment of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Colette Berbesque ◽  
Kara C Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Age Range

Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2500-6500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n=92) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5 – 5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5 - 5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress—the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1- 4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = -0.381, p = 0.005).

scholarly journals Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Colette Berbesque ◽  
Kara C. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Age Range

Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2,500–6,500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n = 92 permanent canines) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5–5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5–5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress—the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1–4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = −0.381, p = 0.005).

scholarly journals Burials from Cemetery Wad Ben Naga C260 – First Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Gabriela Jungová
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Porotic Hyperostosis ◽  
First Report ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Cribra Orbitalia ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Grave Goods

During the sixteenth–eighteenth excavation seasons, cemetery WBN C260 at the archaeological site of Wad Ben Naga (Sudan) yielded the remains of fourteen individuals, both adult and non-adult. The burials, tentatively dated as post-Meroitic/Christian, were oriented to the north or north-west, with scarce grave goods, simple substructures, and no identified superstructures. Anthropological analysis revealed non-specific signs of stress including porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia, and endocranial lesions known as serpens endocrania symmetrica.

scholarly journals The Matty Canyon Population: Dental Observations of Late Archaic Individuals from Southern Arizona

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Lorrie Lincoln-Babb
Keyword(s):  
Archaic Period ◽  
Dental Material ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Mixed Economy

Skeletal and dental material from the largest known burial population from the Late Archaic Period of southern Arizona was analyzed (Minturn and Lincoln-Babb, n.d.). Minturn performed the skeletal analyses, including the standard observations for age, sex, and pathologies. The dental analyses support a mixed economy subsistence of hunting-gathering and agriculture. This conclusion is based on observations for caries, enamel chipping, abscessing, and enamel hypoplasia.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Temporal Analysis of the East Texas Archaic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Middle Archaic

This article presents preliminary findings of a temporal analysis of the East Texas Archaic based upon the examination of radiocarbon 14C dates from sites that have deposits that date to the period. All assays employed in this effort were collected from research and cultural resource management reports and publications, synthesized, then recalibrated in version 4.1.7 of OxCal using IntCal09. The date combination process is used herein to refine site-specific summed probability distributions, illustrating— for the first time—the temporal position of each dated archaeological site with an assay that falls within the Archaic. Seventy-three radiocarbon dates from 34 sites serve as the foundation for this analysis of the East Texas Archaic period (ca. 8000-500 B.C.) (Table 1). All dates used in this analysis come directly from the East Texas Radiocarbon Database (ETRD). Within the sample, there are 19 sites with a single radiocarbon sample that dates to the Archaic, eight sites with two dated samples, one site with three dated samples, three sites with four dated samples, one site with five dated samples, and one site with 14 dated samples. Of the 73 14C dates from the ETRD used in this analysis, one dates to the Early Archaic period (ca. 8000-5000 B.C.), eight date to the Middle Archaic period (ca. 5000-3000 B.C.), and the remaining 64 date to the Late Archaic period (ca. 3000-500 B.C.) (temporal divisions follow Perttula and Young).

scholarly journals Differences in 14C Age Between Stratigraphically Associated Charcoal and Marine Shell from the Archaic Period Site of Kilometer 4, Southern Peru: Old Wood or Old Water?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J Kennett ◽  
B Lynn Ingram ◽  
John R Southon ◽  
Karen Wise
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Coastal Desert ◽  
14C Age ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Marine Shell

Consistently large differences occur in the calibrated 14C ages of stratigraphically associated shell and charcoal samples from Kilometer 4, an Archaic Period archaeological site located on the extreme south coast of Peru. A series of nine shell and charcoal samples were collected from a Late Archaic Period (~6000–4000 BP) sector of the site. After calibration, the intercepts of the charcoal dates were ~100–750 years older than the paired shell samples. Due to the hyper-arid conditions in this region that promote long-term preservation of organic material, we argue that the older charcoal dates are best explained by people using old wood for fuel during the Middle Holocene. Given this “old wood” problem, marine shell may actually be preferable to wood charcoal for dating archaeological sites in coastal desert environments as in southern Peru and Northern Chile.

Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern Mediterranean Context, c.800-146 BC

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Orthodox View

The orthodox view of ancient Mediterranean slavery holds that Greece and Rome were the only ‘genuine slave societies’ of the ancient world, that is, societies in which slave labour contributed significantly to the economy and underpinned the wealth of elites. Other societies, labelled as ‘societies with slaves’, apparently made little use of slave labour, and have therefore been largely ignored in recent work. Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern Mediterranean Context, c.800–146 BC presents a radically different view. Slavery was indeed particularly highly developed in Greece and Rome; but it was also highly developed in Carthage and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean, and played a not insignificant role in the affairs of elites in Assyria, Babylonia, and Persia. This new study portrays the Eastern Mediterranean world as a patchwork of regional slave systems. In Greece, diversity was the rule: from the early archaic period onwards, differing historical trajectories in various regions shaped the institution of slavery in manifold ways, producing very different slave systems in regions such as Sparta, Crete, and Attica. In the wider Eastern Mediterranean world, we find a similar level of diversity. Slavery was exploited to different degrees across all of these regions, and was the outcome of a complex interplay between cultural, economic, political, geographic, and demographic variables.

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