scholarly journals SKIMMR: Facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences by machine-aided skim reading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Novacek ◽  
Gully APC Burns
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Shallow Parsing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Subsequent Result

Background: Unlike full reading, 'skim-reading' involves the process of looking quickly over information in an attempt to cover more material whilst still being able to retain a superficial view of the underlying content. Within this work, we specifically emulate this natural human activity by providing a dynamic graph-based view of entities automatically extracted from text. For the extraction, we use shallow parsing, co-occurrence analysis and semantic similarity computation techniques. Our main motivation is to assist biomedical researchers and clinicians in coping with increasingly large amounts of potentially relevant articles in life sciences. Methods: To construct the high-level network overview of articles, we extract weighted binary statements from the text. We consider two types of these statements, co-occurrence and similarity, both organised in the same distributional representation (i.e., in a vector-space model). For the co-occurrence weights, we use point-wise mutual information that indicates the degree of non-random association between two co-occurring entities. For computing the similarity statement weights, we use cosine distance based on the relevant co-occurrence vectors. These statements are used to build fuzzy indices of terms, statements and provenance article identifiers, which support fuzzy querying and subsequent result ranking. These indexing and querying processes are then used top construct a graph-based interface for searching and browsing entity networks extracted from articles, as well as articles relevant to the networks being browsed. Results: We provide a web-based prototype (called `SKIMMR') that generates a network of inter-related entities from a set of documents which a user may explore through our interface. When a particular area of the entity network looks interesting to a user, the tool displays the documents that are most relevant to those entities of interest currently shown in the network. We present this as a methodology for browsing a collection of research articles. To illustrate the practical applicability of SKIMMR, we present examples of its use in the domains of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease. Last but not least, we describe a methodology for automated experimental evaluation of SKIMMR instances. The method uses formal comparison of the graphs generated by our tool to relevant gold standards based on manually curated PubMed, TREC challenge and MeSH data. The results of experiments performed on three different instances of SKIMMR show that the presented method for machine-aided skim reading outperforms state of the art tools like PubMed regarding focused browsing and informativeness of the browsing context. Conclusions: In preliminary trials, users find new, interesting and non-trivial facts with SKIMMR. Our evaluation showed a high potential of the presented work for facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences.

scholarly journals SKIMMR: Facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences by machine-aided skim reading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Novacek ◽  
Gully APC Burns
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Shallow Parsing ◽  
Similarity Computation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Subsequent Result

Background: Unlike full reading, 'skim-reading' involves the process of looking quickly over information in an attempt to cover more material whilst still being able to retain a superficial view of the underlying content. Within this work, we specifically emulate this natural human activity by providing a dynamic graph-based view of entities automatically extracted from text. For the extraction, we use shallow parsing, co-occurrence analysis and semantic similarity computation techniques. Our main motivation is to assist biomedical researchers and clinicians in coping with increasingly large amounts of potentially relevant articles that are being published ongoingly in life sciences. Methods: To construct the high-level network overview of articles, we extract weighted binary statements from the text. We consider two types of these statements, co-occurrence and similarity, both organised in the same distributional representation (i.e., in a vector-space model). For the co-occurrence weights, we use point-wise mutual information that indicates the degree of non-random association between two co-occurring entities. For computing the similarity statement weights, we use cosine distance based on the relevant co-occurrence vectors. These statements are used to build fuzzy indices of terms, statements and provenance article identifiers, which support fuzzy querying and subsequent result ranking. These indexing and querying processes are then used top construct a graph-based interface for searching and browsing entity networks extracted from articles, as well as articles relevant to the networks being browsed. Results: We provide a prototype (called SKIMMR) that generates a network of inter-related entities from a set of documents which users may explore through our interface. When a particular area of the entity network looks interesting to a user, the tool displays the documents that are most relevant entities currently shown in the network. We present this as a methodology for browsing a collection of research articles. To illustrate the practical applicability of SKIMMR, we present examples of its use in the domains of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease. Finally, we describe a methodology for automated experimental evaluation of SKIMMR instances. The method uses formal comparison of the graphs generated by our tool to relevant gold standards based on manually curated PubMed, TREC challenge and MeSH data. The results of experiments performed on three different instances of SKIMMR show that the presented method for machine-aided skim reading outperforms state of the art tools like PubMed regarding focused browsing and informativeness of the browsing context. Conclusions: In preliminary trials, sample users find new, interesting and non-trivial facts with the tool. Our evaluation showed a high potential of the presented work for facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences.

scholarly journals SKIMMR: Facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences by machine-aided skim reading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Novacek ◽  
Gully APC Burns
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Shallow Parsing ◽  
Similarity Computation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Subsequent Result

Background: Unlike full reading, 'skim-reading' involves the process of looking quickly over information in an attempt to cover more material whilst still being able to retain a superficial view of the underlying content. Within this work, we specifically emulate this natural human activity by providing a dynamic graph-based view of entities automatically extracted from text. For the extraction, we use shallow parsing, co-occurrence analysis and semantic similarity computation techniques. Our main motivation is to assist biomedical researchers and clinicians in coping with increasingly large amounts of potentially relevant articles that are being published ongoingly in life sciences. Methods: To construct the high-level network overview of articles, we extract weighted binary statements from the text. We consider two types of these statements, co-occurrence and similarity, both organised in the same distributional representation (i.e., in a vector-space model). For the co-occurrence weights, we use point-wise mutual information that indicates the degree of non-random association between two co-occurring entities. For computing the similarity statement weights, we use cosine distance based on the relevant co-occurrence vectors. These statements are used to build fuzzy indices of terms, statements and provenance article identifiers, which support fuzzy querying and subsequent result ranking. These indexing and querying processes are then used to construct a graph-based interface for searching and browsing entity networks extracted from articles, as well as articles relevant to the networks being browsed. Last but not least, we describe a methodology for automated experimental evaluation of the presented approach. The method uses formal comparison of the graphs generated by our tool to relevant gold standards based on manually curated PubMed, TREC challenge and MeSH data. Results: We provide a web-based prototype (called `SKIMMR') that generates a network of inter-related entities from a set of documents which a user may explore through our interface. When a particular area of the entity network looks interesting to a user, the tool displays the documents that are the most relevant to those entities of interest currently shown in the network. We present this as a methodology for browsing a collection of research articles. To illustrate the practical applicability of SKIMMR, we present examples of its use in the domains of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease. Finally, we report on the results of experimental evaluation using the two domains and one additional dataset based on the TREC challenge. The results show that the presented method for machine-aided skim reading outperforms tools like PubMed regarding focused browsing and informativeness of the browsing context.

scholarly journals SKIMMR: Facilitating knowledge discovery in life sciences by machine-aided skim reading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Novacek ◽  
Gully APC Burns
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Shallow Parsing ◽  
Similarity Computation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cosine Distance ◽  
Subsequent Result

Background: Unlike full reading, 'skim-reading' involves the process of looking quickly over information in an attempt to cover more material whilst still being able to retain a superficial view of the underlying content. Within this work, we specifically emulate this natural human activity by providing a dynamic graph-based view of entities automatically extracted from text. For the extraction, we use shallow parsing, co-occurrence analysis and semantic similarity computation techniques. Our main motivation is to assist biomedical researchers and clinicians in coping with increasingly large amounts of potentially relevant articles that are being published ongoingly in life sciences. Methods: To construct the high-level network overview of articles, we extract weighted binary statements from the text. We consider two types of these statements, co-occurrence and similarity, both organised in the same distributional representation (i.e., in a vector-space model). For the co-occurrence weights, we use point-wise mutual information that indicates the degree of non-random association between two co-occurring entities. For computing the similarity statement weights, we use cosine distance based on the relevant co-occurrence vectors. These statements are used to build fuzzy indices of terms, statements and provenance article identifiers, which support fuzzy querying and subsequent result ranking. These indexing and querying processes are then used to construct a graph-based interface for searching and browsing entity networks extracted from articles, as well as articles relevant to the networks being browsed. Last but not least, we describe a methodology for automated experimental evaluation of the presented approach. The method uses formal comparison of the graphs generated by our tool to relevant gold standards based on manually curated PubMed, TREC challenge and MeSH data. Results: We provide a web-based prototype (called `SKIMMR') that generates a network of inter-related entities from a set of documents which a user may explore through our interface. When a particular area of the entity network looks interesting to a user, the tool displays the documents that are the most relevant to those entities of interest currently shown in the network. We present this as a methodology for browsing a collection of research articles. To illustrate the practical applicability of SKIMMR, we present examples of its use in the domains of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease. Finally, we report on the results of experimental evaluation using the two domains and one additional dataset based on the TREC challenge. The results show that the presented method for machine-aided skim reading outperforms tools like PubMed regarding focused browsing and informativeness of the browsing context.

scholarly journals Efficient End-to-End Sentence-Level Lipreading with Temporal Convolutional Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6975
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lun He ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Guoqing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
End To End ◽  
High Level ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Talking Face

Lipreading aims to recognize sentences being spoken by a talking face. In recent years, the lipreading method has achieved a high level of accuracy on large datasets and made breakthrough progress. However, lipreading is still far from being solved, and existing methods tend to have high error rates on the wild data and have the defects of disappearing training gradient and slow convergence. To overcome these problems, we proposed an efficient end-to-end sentence-level lipreading model, using an encoder based on a 3D convolutional network, ResNet50, Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), and a CTC objective function as the decoder. More importantly, the proposed architecture incorporates TCN as a feature learner to decode feature. It can partly eliminate the defects of RNN (LSTM, GRU) gradient disappearance and insufficient performance, and this yields notable performance improvement as well as faster convergence. Experiments show that the training and convergence speed are 50% faster than the state-of-the-art method, and improved accuracy by 2.4% on the GRID dataset.

Spinal muscular atrophy: state of the art and new therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Messina ◽  
Maria Sframeli ◽  
Lorenzo Maggi ◽  
Adele D’Amico ◽  
Claudio Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies

Caged-electron States and Split-electron States in Endohedral Alkali C60

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yifan yang ◽  
Lorenz S Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Electron States ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

The low-lying electronic states of neutral X@C60(X=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been computed and analyzed by employing state-of-the-art high level many-electron methods. Apart from the common charge-separated states, well known...

scholarly journals France’s State of the Art Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors Qualified for the Monitoring of the French Underground Repository for High Level and Intermediate Level Long Lived Radioactive Wastes

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Delepine-Lesoille ◽  
Sylvain Girard ◽  
Marcel Landolt ◽  
Johan Bertrand ◽  
Isabelle Planes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibre ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Optical Fibre Sensors ◽  
High Level

Student Assessment of Learning Gains (SALGains)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Vogt ◽  
Catherine Atwong ◽  
Jean Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Student Perception ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Assessment Of Learning ◽  
High Level

Student Assessment of Learning Gains (SALGains) is a Web-based instrument for measuring student perception of their learning in a variety of courses. The authors adapted this instrument to measure students’ achieved proficiency in analyzing cases in an advanced business communication class. The instrument showed that students did achieve a high level of proficiency and that they did so equally in both traditional and online classes.

scholarly journals Deep-Framework: A Distributed, Scalable, and Edge-Oriented Framework for Real-Time Analysis of Video Streams

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4045
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sassu ◽  
Jose Francisco Saenz-Cogollo ◽  
Maurizio Agelli
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Video Analytics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Open Source Framework ◽  
Cluster Configuration ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
High Level

Edge computing is the best approach for meeting the exponential demand and the real-time requirements of many video analytics applications. Since most of the recent advances regarding the extraction of information from images and video rely on computation heavy deep learning algorithms, there is a growing need for solutions that allow the deployment and use of new models on scalable and flexible edge architectures. In this work, we present Deep-Framework, a novel open source framework for developing edge-oriented real-time video analytics applications based on deep learning. Deep-Framework has a scalable multi-stream architecture based on Docker and abstracts away from the user the complexity of cluster configuration, orchestration of services, and GPU resources allocation. It provides Python interfaces for integrating deep learning models developed with the most popular frameworks and also provides high-level APIs based on standard HTTP and WebRTC interfaces for consuming the extracted video data on clients running on browsers or any other web-based platform.

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