scholarly journals Metal to phosphorus stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton in three Scottish lakes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aine M Gormley-Gallagher ◽  
Richard Douglas ◽  
Brian Rippey
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous measurements of changes in phytoplankton biomass and the metal and phosphorus (P) content of cells have been captured to attest metal to P stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton. Three remote Scottish lakes that have received high, medium or low metal contamination from the atmosphere were selected for study. Phytoplankton cells were collected, their biomass determined microscopically, and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry was used to measure their lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and P content. A greater phytoplankton biomass in the lakes resulted in significant algae growth dilution of the mass-specific Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr in the phytoplankton. Changes in the phytoplankton cell count and their Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr concentrations showed the process of algae bloom dilution to be subject to exponential decay, which accelerated in the order of Mn < Cu < Ni < Pb and Cd < Cr and Hg < Co. This indicated a metabolic and detoxification mechanism was involved in the active selection of metals. For the first time simultaneous measurements of metals and P stoichiometry in freshwater phytoplankton are reported. The mean metal to P stoichiometry generated was (C106P1N16)1000Pb0.019Hg0.00004Cu0.013Cd0.005Cr0.2Co0.0008 Mn0.2Ni0.012 based on the field measurements and the Redfield average C, N and P stoichiometry of (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4.

scholarly journals Metal to phosphorus stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton in three Scottish lakes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aine M Gormley-Gallagher ◽  
Richard Douglas ◽  
Brian Rippey
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous measurements of changes in phytoplankton biomass and the metal and phosphorus (P) content of cells have been captured to attest metal to P stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton. Three remote Scottish lakes that have received high, medium or low metal contamination from the atmosphere were selected for study. Phytoplankton cells were collected, their biomass determined microscopically, and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry was used to measure their lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and P content. A greater phytoplankton biomass in the lakes resulted in significant algae growth dilution of the mass-specific Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr in the phytoplankton. Changes in the phytoplankton cell count and their Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr concentrations showed the process of algae bloom dilution to be subject to exponential decay, which accelerated in the order of Mn < Cu < Ni < Pb and Cd < Cr and Hg < Co. This indicated a metabolic and detoxification mechanism was involved in the active selection of metals. For the first time simultaneous measurements of metals and P stoichiometry in freshwater phytoplankton are reported. The mean metal to P stoichiometry generated was (C106P1N16)1000Pb0.019Hg0.00004Cu0.013Cd0.005Cr0.2Co0.0008 Mn0.2Ni0.012 based on the field measurements and the Redfield average C, N and P stoichiometry of (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4.

scholarly journals Metal to phosphorus stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton in three remote lakes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aine M. Gormley-Gallagher ◽  
Richard W. Douglas ◽  
Brian Rippey
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
P Content ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous measurements of changes in phytoplankton biomass and the metal and phosphorus (P) content of cells have been captured to attest to metal to P stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton. Three Scottish lakes that had received high, medium or low metal contamination from the atmosphere were selected for study. Phytoplankton cells were collected and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry was used to measure their lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and P content. Increased phytoplankton growth in the lakes resulted in significant algae growth dilution of the mass-specific Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr in the phytoplankton. Changes in the phytoplankton cell count and their Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr concentrations showed the process of algae bloom dilution to be subject to exponential decay, which accelerated in the order of Mn < Cu < Ni < Pb and Cd < Cr and Hg < Co. This indicated a metabolic and detoxification mechanism was involved in the active selection of metals. For the first time simultaneous measurements of metals and P stoichiometry in freshwater phytoplankton are reported. The mean metal to P stoichiometry generated was (C106P1N16)1000Pb0.019Hg0.00004Cu0.013Cd0.005Cr0.2Co0.0008Mn0.2Ni0.012based on field measurements and the Redfield average C, N and P stoichiometry of (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4.

Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bůžek ◽  
Slavomír Adamec ◽  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Jan Demel
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

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