scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical characteristics and source identification of salinity in groundwater resources in an arid plain, northeast of Iran: implication for drinking and irrigation purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Parisian Taherian ◽  
Ata Joodavi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Southern Central

Groundwater salinization is a worldwide problem where groundwater is the principal source of water. A combination of geochemical and statistical approaches was used to investigate the mechanisms governing the groundwater chemistry and origin of salts in the Neyshabour aquifer (north-eastern Iran). The mean values of Mg2+ (61.4 mg/L), Na+ (553.2 mg/L), Cl- (800.4 mg/L), SO4 2- (428.7 mg/L), EC (3404 μS/cm), TH (525.0 mg/L) and TDS (2212.8 mg/L) in 55 groundwater samples taken from deep wells were higher than WHO and ISIRI guideline values. Geochemical and multivariate statistical analysis suggested that: i) the dissolved solids in the water samples are controlled mainly by geology, and ii) Na-Cl and Na-HCO3 type waters are dominant in the area. Besides the water–rock reactions (e.g., evaporites dissolution), groundwater salinity in Neyshabour aquifer has been intensified by irrigation return flows and groundwater level decline. The chemical weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks in ophiolitic rocks is responsible for Mg enrichment in the majority of samples. Water quality index (WQI) and different indices calculated for the groundwater samples indicated that the most of them have poor water quality for drinking and agricultural uses especially in the southern, central and western parts of the plain.

scholarly journals Linking DPSIR Model and Water Quality Indices to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals in Groundwater Resources

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
European Community ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Development Goals

The achievement of sustainable development goals in groundwater resources related to water quality issues is a critical question in many regions. This study aims to combine powerful tools for helping stakeholders and policymakers achieve sustainable development goals in groundwater resources of agricultural areas. The DPSIR (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) model in combination with the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index and Groundwater Directive 2006/118/European Community—Threshold Values was applied using a hydrogeochemical dataset derived from the analysis of groundwater samples collected from 31 monitoring sites in an unconfined alluvial aquifer. Elevated Cl− (up to 423.2 mg L−1), NO3− (up to 180.1 mg L−1) concentration and electrical conductivity (up to 2037 μS cm−1) value are observed for groundwater samples of the study area. The outcome of the “One Out-All Out” procedure revealed that the groundwater in 42% of the monitored sites is unsuitable for drinking according to the health-based guideline values established by Directive 98/83/European Community. A difficulty to achieve targets under Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 6 in the study area is revealed. The proposed response actions are reported.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality Evaluation Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Yunxu Chai ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Mingqian Li ◽  
Xiujuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Development And Management

Hydrogeochemical research and water quality evaluation are an important part of groundwater development and management projects in Dehui City, Jilin Province, China. We collected 217 groundwater samples in the study area and used two multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis to classify groundwater; combined graphical method, piper diagram, and Gibbs diagram to characterize groundwater chemical types and distinguish the water chemical control mechanism; and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate groundwater quality. Three major categories have been identified. Most of the groundwater in the study area is Ca-HCO3 type water. The water chemistry control mechanism is determined to be based on water-rock interaction and less evaporation. From east to west in the study area, the total dissolved solids (TDS) gradually increased, and water quality gradually deteriorated. In the whole region, 79.26% of the groundwater is suitable for drinking. With Yinma River at the boundary, the water quality in the eastern part is excellent, while that in the southwest is poor. After appropriate treatment, it can be used in industry and agriculture. The excess NO3− is mainly affected by human activities. The unique geological conditions of the Songnen Plain result in an excess amount of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in some areas. This study determined the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area and distinguished water quality levels. The results will be helpful for the development and management of groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Domestic Purposes through Local Survey and Water Quality Index in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Huynh The An ◽  
Tran Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Chen Yi-Ching ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Hien
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The quality of groundwater resources is increasingly declining, significantly affecting people’s life and health. The study aims to assess public perception on existing groundwater quality and scheme over conventionally used free groundwater. The contemporaneous analytical procedures applied to determine the concentration of physical parameters: total dissolved solids and total solids and chemical parameters: pH, nitrite (N-NO2-), nitrate (N- NO3-), ammonium (N-NH4+/ NH3), iron (FeII + III) and total hardness were collected for 30 drinking water well samples located in 5 Quarters (An Hoa, An Loi, Ben Don, Phu Hoa, and Phu Nghi) to calculate the water quality index. The results show that up to 96% of people still use groundwater as their main source of drinking, domestic purposes, although groundwater quality is showing a serious decline in quality. The low pH index ranges from 3.0 ÷ 4.5. On average, 3.5 ÷ 4.0 pH of groundwater samples are outside the permissible limit according to VN standards 09: 2015 (5.5 - 8.5), which makes the water acidic, which harmful to human health. Besides, 10% of groundwater samples had high nitrate content, and 6.67% of water samples had ammonium content that did not meet VN standards 09: 2015. The current state of groundwater quality is not good for cooking and drinking. The results will benefit future groundwater exploitation to support more evidence of water quality and deteriorate the water quality soon, ultimately proving to be disastrous for all living beings in the region.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment and geochemical processes in the unconfined coastal Boa Viagem Aquifer, Recife, NE Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Thyego Silva ◽  
Mariucha Lima ◽  
Teresa Leitão ◽  
Tiago Martins ◽  
Mateus Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A hydrochemical study was conducted on the Quaternary Aquifer, in Recife, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected in March–April 2015, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conventional graphics, ionic ratios, saturation indices, GIS mapping, and geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses were used to water quality assessment and to characterize the main hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater’s chemistry. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis separated the samples into three clusters and five sub-clusters according to their hydrochemical similarities and facies. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to the studied groundwater samples where a three-factor model explains 80% of the total variation within the dataset. The PCA results revealed the influence of seawater intrusion, water-rock interaction, and nitrate contamination. The physico-chemical parameters of ~30% groundwaters exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Nitrate was found at a concentration >10 mg NO3−/L in ~21% of the wells and exceeded WHO reference values in one. The integrated approach indicates the occurrence of the main major hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the shallow marine to alluvial aquifer as follow: 1) progressive freshening of remaining paleo-seawater accompanying cation exchange on fine sediments, 2) water-rock interaction (i.e., dissolution of silicates), and 3) point and diffuse wastewater contamination, and sulfate dissolution. This study successfully highlights the use of classical geochemical methods, GIS techniques, and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses) as complementary tools to understand hydrogeochemical processes and their influence on groundwater quality status to management actions, which could be used in similar alluvial coastal aquifers.

Groundwater contamination assessment for sustainable water supply in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Khatiwada ◽  
S. Takizawa ◽  
T.V.N. Tran ◽  
M. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Iron Manganese

A study was carried out to assess the water quality situation of groundwater sources in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Groundwater has remained to be a major water supply source for a population of 1.5 million at present in the valley. The focus of this study was to evaluate the extent and sources of groundwater contamination. Water sampling was carried out in selected deep wells and shallow sources. The level of pollution was evaluated by comparing the water quality results with WHO guidelines. The major problems with the dug wells, hand pumps and spouts were found to be the elevated nitrate and mercury contents. The deep wells located on the central aquifer were found to have a serious threat of ammonia pollution. Deep wells were also found to have iron, manganese and mercury concentrations exceeding the guideline values. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to cluster the sampling sources and identify the common factors describing the potential sources and possible mechanisms associated with the contaminants. The results suggested that disintegration of the sediment organic matter under strong reducing environment leads to the origin of the unusual water qualities at the central confined aquifer. This process may be microbially mediated and occurs with the simultaneous reduction of species such as arsenic, iron, manganese and sulfate. Both natural and anthropogenic water quality problems were observed in the groundwater system of Kathmandu valley. Attention should be focused to consider distinct strategies to address these problems.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and Quality assessment of Groundwater from Constituency Water Projects, Pategi Local Government Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Baseline Information

Water is vital for life sustenance hence adequate, safe and accessible supply must be made available to all. The remote village of Tankpaful located in the town of Pategi has recently witnessed the installation of new boreholes to harness groundwater as an improved source of drinking water. However, there is no known information about the quality of these sources. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the quality of groundwater samples from these boreholes in terms of their physico-chemical, heavy metals and biological parameters and also provide baseline information about the nature of the underground aquifer in this community. Groundwater samples (n=20) were obtained from randomly selected boreholes in the study area and examined for their physicochemical, heavy metal and biological parameters following standard procedures recommended by the American Public Health Association and compared to guideline values. Pearson’s correlation test was done to examine the relationship between measured parameters. With the exception of pH (5.58) and total hardness (296.99mg/L), all physico-chemical parameters were within guideline values specified by the WHO and SON. For heavy metals, mean values for Iron (0.32mg/L), Chromium (0.22mg/L) and Nickel (0.4mg/L) were found to exceed the given standard limits as well. The findings revealed that boreholes were mainly acidic which could be of natural origin such as mineral dissolution. Based on correlation analysis, the major mineral groups contributing to total hardness is the K-Cl group (1.00). We recommend that regular monitoring should be done to ensure guideline values are not breached while residents should be educated on the need to maintain these water sources to prevent deterioration.

scholarly journals Assessment of seawater intrusion using multivariate statistical, hydrochemical and geophysical techniques in coastal aquifer, Cha-am district, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Sae-Ju ◽  
Srilert Chotpantarat ◽  
Thanop Thitimakorn
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Electrical Sounding

Abstract. Seawater intrusion in coastal areas is one of the important environmental problems, causing negative impact on groundwater resources in the future. To assess and mitigate the seawater intrusion, the affected aquifers need to be characterized. By integrating geophysical investigation and multivariate statistical analysis of the hydrochemical data, seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers in this area could be evaluated. The study conducted 80 locations of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) survey; then selected 47 VES to create four pseudo cross-section lines in a west-east direction, running perpendicular to the coast in Cha-Am district, Thailand, which is negatively affected by this problem. The geophysical results were described together with the hydrochemical analysis of 57 groundwater samples. The results revealed that seawater intrusion occurred in the Qcl aquifer with an average depth of 50–60 meters and presented more obviously near the coastal line. The resistivity value of <5 Ωm represented highly contaminated areas impacted by seawater intrusion while the range between 5–10 Ωm represented moderately contaminated areas. According to the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater can be divided into three groups according to the level of impact of seawater intrusion: Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3-Cl (slightly impacted), Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl (moderately impacted), and Na-Cl (highly impacted). The area had a low resistivity value, corresponding to the high value of electrical conductivity (EC), and the hydrochemical facies was generally Na-Cl. The hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFED) revealed that most of the samples fell close to the mixing line, demonstrating mixing between seawater and fresh water and that some samples fell in the intrusion phase. According to multivariate statistical analysis, the finding was in agreement with the HFED. There are three main processes: seawater intrusion, natural groundwater recharge, and finally hydro-geochemical interaction. Finally, the findings in this study demonstrated that the levels of seawater intrusion could be classified into three zones depending on the degree of seawater intrusion. Furthermore, the northern part of the study area faced seawater intrusion with a relatively higher impact than other areas, and seawater laterally intruded about eight kilometers inland.

scholarly journals Water and soil quality in an Otago deer farm

2004 ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Mcdowell ◽  
R.J. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Storm Flow ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Simulated Event ◽  
Fence Line

This paper outlines findings for three experiments on the AgResearch Invermay deer farm that quantified soil and water quality via fence-line pacing and wallowing, and water quality in streams draining the farm. Five weeks after winter grazing (28 hinds/ha), fence-line pacing decreased soil macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and increased suspended sediment (SS; 0.226 g/100ml), total phosphorus (P) (TP; 2.0 mg/l), mainly as particulate P (up to 90% of TP), and E. coli (3.52 log10 cfu/100ml) concentrations in a simulated overland flow 1 day after grazing had stopped compared to soils from the rest of the paddock (0.148 g/100ml, 0.86 mg/l and 2.86 log10/100ml). Six weeks following a first simulated rainfall event, and without interim grazing, concentrations in the second simulated event had decreased but losses of P, especially in fence-line paced soils, were still high and above recommended limits for surface water quality (TP = 0.033 mg/l). A survey of visible erosion in 6 deer paddocks with topography (2- 10o) yielded a mean erosion rate of 1.08 t/ha/yr (range, 0.41-2.01 t/ha/yr), 43% associated with fence-lines, troughs or gateways and 57% associated with wallows. Data from three waterways indicated that mean values for two sites that drain 100% deer farmed land, exceeded current lowland surface water limits for dissolved (0.01 mg/l) and TP (0.033 mg/l) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (N) (0.021 mg N/l). Limits for E. coli (126 E. coli/100ml) and nitrate-N (0.444 mg N/l) were also exceeded at another site, which drained a wallow. All guideline values were exceeded during storm flow when ephemeral streams, commonly draining wallows, were flowing to permanent waterways. However, loads of P, N and SS were below average for mixed-grazing pasture catchments in New Zealand. This was attributed to a dry year (rainfall

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document