Perichronal Cues to a Target

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Talmy
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relation ◽  
Temporal Property ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Precise Time

A perichronal cue is any temporal property of an element other than the trigger that helps the hearer determine the target. Such perichronal cues are of either the majority indirect type or the minority direct type. Perichronal cues of the majority type are the temporal properties of the elements near a trigger that indicate which of those elements can serve as cues to its target. They are indirect because they help determine the cues, not the target itself. They variously require that certain conditions be met. Perichronal cues of the minority type are the temporal properties of the elements near a trigger that indicate certain temporal properties of its target. They are direct because they help determine the target itself, not just cues to it. They pertain only to the target of a subsentential prosodic trigger — specifically, only to the precise time and duration of its occurrence. The elements providing such cues are basically either co-forms or gestures. The temporal properties of these elements that can serve as perichronal cues are their temporal relation to each other and to the trigger, and the speed of their production.

Time sensitive blog retrieval using temporal properties of queries

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
MohammadSadegh Zahedi ◽  
Abolfazl Aleahmad ◽  
Maseud Rahgozar ◽  
Farhad Oroumchian ◽  
Arastoo Bozorgi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temporal Property ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Retrieval Algorithms ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Web

Blogs are one of the main user-generated contents on the web and are growing in number rapidly. The characteristics of blogs require the development of specialized search methods which are tuned for the blogosphere. In this paper, we focus on blog retrieval, which aims at ranking blogs with respect to their recurrent relevance to a user’s topic. Although different blog retrieval algorithms have already been proposed, few of them have considered temporal properties of the input queries. Therefore, we propose an efficient approach to improving relevant blog retrieval using temporal property of queries. First, time sensitivity of each query is automatically computed for different time intervals based on an initially retrieved set of relevant posts. Then a temporal score is calculated for each blog and finally all blogs are ranked based on their temporal and content relevancy with regard to the input query. Experimental analysis and comparison of the proposed method are carried out using a standard dataset with 45 diverse queries. Our experimental results demonstrate that, using different measurement criteria, our proposed method outperforms other blog retrieval methods.

scholarly journals Temporal prophecy for proving temporal properties of infinite-state systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oded Padon ◽  
Jochen Hoenicke ◽  
Kenneth L. McMillan ◽  
Andreas Podelski ◽  
Mooly Sagiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Logic ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Temporal Property ◽  
Deductive Verification ◽  
First Order ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Safety Property ◽  
Infinite State Systems ◽  
Verification Techniques ◽  
Infinite State

AbstractVarious verification techniques for temporal properties transform temporal verification to safety verification. For infinite-state systems, these transformations are inherently imprecise. That is, for some instances, the temporal property holds, but the resulting safety property does not. This paper introduces a mechanism for tackling this imprecision. This mechanism, which we call temporal prophecy, is inspired by prophecy variables. Temporal prophecy refines an infinite-state system using first-order linear temporal logic formulas, via a suitable tableau construction. For a specific liveness-to-safety transformation based on first-order logic, we show that using temporal prophecy strictly increases the precision. Furthermore, temporal prophecy leads to robustness of the proof method, which is manifested by a cut elimination theorem. We integrate our approach into the Ivy deductive verification system, and show that it can handle challenging temporal verification examples.

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Bayesian Inference in Human Time Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Psychophysical Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the perception and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. First, we present a brief history of research and the methods used in time perception and then discuss the psychophysical approach to time, extant models of time perception, and advancing inconsistencies between each account that this review aims to bridge the gap between. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. Evidence for this framework has been found using human psychophysical testing (experimental methods to quantify behaviour in the perceptual system). Finally, an outlook for how these models can advance future research in temporal perception is discussed.

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