Introduction: A New Perspective on Reform

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human History ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The U.S

Starting in 1979, China embarked on a profound economic reform that led to a transformation of the country from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Over the next 37 years, China produced one of the most spectacular growth records in human history. According to the World Bank, in 2015 the nominal GDP of China was nearly $11 trillion, surpassing 60 percent of U.S. nominal GDP. In comparison, China’s nominal GDP in 1978 was only $148 billion, merely 6 percent of that of the U.S. If measured by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), in 2015 China’s GDP was $19 trillion, larger than the $18 trillion GDP of the U.S., the world’s largest economy in the last 100 years....

Is English being challenged by Mandarin in South Korea?

English Today ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Seok Kang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future

China's stunning economic growth is now widely recognized around the globe (Wong, 2009). Its gross domestic product (GDP) is now the second largest in the world, and, according to the World Bank (2015), in terms of GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP), it already has the world's largest economy, surpassing that of the United States. It is commonly claimed that China will be the strongest economic power in the near future, and that it will have a concomitantly more potent political and cultural influence on the rest of the world.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

India, after seven decades of independence, found itself in the position of the fifth-largest economy in the world, with nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 2.94 trillion in 2019. It is also the fastest-growing trillion-dollar economy in the world. India’s rank would have been third if GDP across the countries was compared in terms of purchasing power parity. But, in per capita terms, India falls way behind most of the member countries of the World Bank. However, this should not negate the expansion of the Indian economy that has taken place since Independence....

Repercussions of the economic reform policies on the urban poor in Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Din Abd El-Badee Al-Qosbi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
International Market ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Consistent Problem

As a result of empirical data gathered through sociological surveys, the author argues persuasively that Egyptian economic reform policies – largely based on structural readjustment and rehabilitation programmes devised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank – have adversely affected the most seriously impoverished sectors of Egyptian urban society. The paper examines the correlation between theoretical suppositions of predicted adverse effect on this sector and actual repercussions as evidenced in such indicators as healthcare, sanitation, employment and access to education. While poverty has been a consistent problem and while these policies – which were undertaken in the context of increasing integration into the international market – cannot be blamed for its original occurrence, there is persuasive evidence that they have caused measurable harm, compounded existing inequities and increased the marginalization of Egypt's urban poor who appear to have been among the most adversely affected in the population as a result of the various initiatives.

Representation and Power in International Organization: the Operational Constitution and its Critics

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Katz Cogan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

In 2005, when James Wolfensohn announced that he would not seek a third term as president of the World Bank, few doubted that another United States national, the choice of the U.S. president, would take his place. Each of the previous eight presidents of the bank had been an American, dating back to the international financial institution's establishment in 1946,and despite private and public grousing by some over the Bush administration's eventual choice of Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz as Wolfensohn's successor, the appointment was never truly in jeopardy. When the bank's executive directors met to elect a new president, the vote was a foregone conclusion—not because the United States holds a majority of votes itself (it does not), but because a longstanding informal agreement between the United States and the bank's western European stakeholders prescribed that outcome.

scholarly journals Transition and modernization

Sociologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Branimir Kristofic
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
General Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Transitional Country ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Countries

The fall of the communist orders introduced a problem of the development of these societies and initiated a new wave of modernization theories. At the same time, the ideological proclamation of the victory of neo-liberalism resulted in the inauguration of the neo-liberal development model as the mode of modernization that will include the post-communist countries in the process of globalization. In this context, the World Bank study of the ten-year development of the transitional countries has been analyzed. With the example of Slovenia, as the economically most successful transitional country, it is shown that the study encounters the problem of constructing a general model of the development, which could be applied to all transitional countries. Additionally, it is shown that the World Bank model, as well as classic modernization theories, cannot predict how certain country will react to economic reform. Therefore, an issue of reform support arises as a significant one. Controversy of the neo-liberal modernization model indicates a need for articulating alternative modes of development.

scholarly journals Is the World Bank compatible with the “Socialist-oriented market economy”?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Cling ◽  
Mireille Razafindrakoto ◽  
François Roubaud
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Economic Reform, Social Welfare, and Instability: Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, 1983–2004

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This article fills an important gap in the literature by exploring the trends in social welfare in four MENA countries that have undertaken extensive economic liberalization programs under the auspices of the IMF and the World Bank — namely, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Studying the experiences of these countries provides an opportunity to enhance the understanding of the link between economic reforms, the level of social welfare provision, and political stability.

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