Propagated infra-slow intrinsic brain activity reorganizes across wake and slow wave sleep

Propagation of slow intrinsic brain activity has been widely observed in electrophysiogical studies of slow wave sleep (SWS). However, in human resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI), intrinsic activity has been understood predominantly in terms of zero-lag temporal synchrony (functional connectivity) within systems known as resting state networks (RSNs). Prior rs-fMRI studies have found that RSNs are generally preserved across wake and sleep. Here, we use a recently developed analysis technique to study propagation of infra-slow intrinsic blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in normal adults during wake and SWS. This analysis reveals marked changes in propagation patterns in SWS vs. wake. Broadly, ordered propagation is preserved within traditionally defined RSNs but lost between RSNs. Additionally, propagation between cerebral cortex and subcortical structures reverses directions, and intra-cortical propagation becomes reorganized, especially in visual and sensorimotor cortices. These findings show that propagated rs-fMRI activity informs theoretical accounts of the neural functions of sleep.

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Lag threads organize the brain’s intrinsic activity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1503960112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (17) ◽

pp. E2235-E2244 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Anish Mitra ◽

Abraham Z. Snyder ◽

Tyler Blazey ◽

Marcus E. Raichle

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Activity ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Intrinsic Activity ◽

Resting State Networks ◽

Slow Activity ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽

Temporal Sequences ◽

The Brain

It has been widely reported that intrinsic brain activity, in a variety of animals including humans, is spatiotemporally structured. Specifically, propagated slow activity has been repeatedly demonstrated in animals. In human resting-state fMRI, spontaneous activity has been understood predominantly in terms of zero-lag temporal synchrony within widely distributed functional systems (resting-state networks). Here, we use resting-state fMRI from 1,376 normal, young adults to demonstrate that multiple, highly reproducible, temporal sequences of propagated activity, which we term “lag threads,” are present in the brain. Moreover, this propagated activity is largely unidirectional within conventionally understood resting-state networks. Modeling experiments show that resting-state networks naturally emerge as a consequence of shared patterns of propagation. An implication of these results is that common physiologic mechanisms may underlie spontaneous activity as imaged with fMRI in humans and slowly propagated activity as studied in animals.

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Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1518377113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (17) ◽

pp. 4853-4858 ◽

Cited By ~ 248

Author(s):

Robin L. Carhart-Harris ◽

Suresh Muthukumaraswamy ◽

Leor Roseman ◽

Mendel Kaelen ◽

Wouter Droog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Retrosplenial Cortex ◽

Alpha Power ◽

Blood Oxygen Level ◽

Psychedelic Drugs ◽

Cortex Cérébral ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the prototypical psychedelic drug, but its effects on the human brain have never been studied before with modern neuroimaging. Here, three complementary neuroimaging techniques: arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) measures, and magnetoencephalography (MEG), implemented during resting state conditions, revealed marked changes in brain activity after LSD that correlated strongly with its characteristic psychological effects. Increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow (CBF), decreased visual cortex alpha power, and a greatly expanded primary visual cortex (V1) functional connectivity profile correlated strongly with ratings of visual hallucinations, implying that intrinsic brain activity exerts greater influence on visual processing in the psychedelic state, thereby defining its hallucinatory quality. LSD’s marked effects on the visual cortex did not significantly correlate with the drug’s other characteristic effects on consciousness, however. Rather, decreased connectivity between the parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) correlated strongly with ratings of “ego-dissolution” and “altered meaning,” implying the importance of this particular circuit for the maintenance of “self” or “ego” and its processing of “meaning.” Strong relationships were also found between the different imaging metrics, enabling firmer inferences to be made about their functional significance. This uniquely comprehensive examination of the LSD state represents an important advance in scientific research with psychedelic drugs at a time of growing interest in their scientific and therapeutic value. The present results contribute important new insights into the characteristic hallucinatory and consciousness-altering properties of psychedelics that inform on how they can model certain pathological states and potentially treat others.

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Author response: Propagated infra-slow intrinsic brain activity reorganizes across wake and slow wave sleep

10.7554/elife.10781.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anish Mitra ◽

Abraham Z Snyder ◽

Enzo Tagliazucchi ◽

Helmut Laufs ◽

Marcus E Raichle

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Author Response ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity

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Opposing Changes in the Functional Architecture of Large-Scale Networks in Bipolar Mania and Depression

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 971-980

Author(s):

Daniel Russo ◽

Matteo Martino ◽

Paola Magioncalda ◽

Matilde Inglese ◽

Mario Amore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Intrinsic Activity ◽

Functional Architecture ◽

Sensorimotor Network ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽

Affective Dimensions

Abstract Objective Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite symptoms in psychomotor, thought, and affective dimensions. Neuronally, these may depend on distinct patterns of alterations in the functional architecture of brain intrinsic activity. Therefore, the study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal changes of resting-state activity in mania and depression, by investigating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree of centrality (DC), in different frequency bands. Methods Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), voxel-wise ReHo and DC were calculated—in the standard frequency band (SFB: 0.01–0.10 Hz), as well as in Slow5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) and Slow4 (0.027–0.073 Hz)—and compared between manic (n = 36), depressed (n = 43), euthymic (n = 29) patients, and healthy controls (n = 112). Finally, clinical correlations were investigated. Results Mania was mainly characterized by decreased ReHo and DC in Slow4 in the medial prefrontal cortex (as part of the default-mode network [DMN]), which in turn correlated with manic symptomatology. Conversely, depression was mainly characterized by decreased ReHo in SFB in the primary sensory-motor cortex (as part of the sensorimotor network [SMN]), which in turn correlated with depressive symptomatology. Conclusions Our data show a functional reconfiguration of the spatiotemporal structure of intrinsic brain activity to occur in BD. Mania might be characterized by a predominance of sensorimotor over associative networks, possibly driven by a deficit of the DMN (reflecting in internal thought deficit). Conversely, depression might be characterized by a predominance of associative over sensorimotor networks, possibly driven by a deficit of the SMN (reflecting in psychomotor inhibition).

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Dynamic Changes of Intrinsic Brain Activity in Cirrhotic Patients after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A Resting-State fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0046681 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e46681 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rongfeng Qi ◽

Long Jiang Zhang ◽

Jianhui Zhong ◽

Shengyong Wu ◽

Zhiqiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Portosystemic Shunt ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity

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Intrinsic Functional Relations Between Human Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.90463.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1740-1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 283

Author(s):

Dongyang Zhang ◽

Abraham Z. Snyder ◽

Michael D. Fox ◽

Mark W. Sansbury ◽

Joshua S. Shimony ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Critical Role ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Intrinsic Activity ◽

Bold Imaging ◽

Functional Relations ◽

State Activity ◽

Human Thalamus

The brain is active even in the absence of explicit stimuli or overt responses. This activity is highly correlated within specific networks of the cerebral cortex when assessed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging. The role of the thalamus in this intrinsic activity is unknown despite its critical role in the function of the cerebral cortex. Here we mapped correlations in resting-state activity between the human thalamus and the cerebral cortex in adult humans using fMRI BOLD imaging. Based on this functional measure of intrinsic brain activity we partitioned the thalamus into nuclear groups that correspond well with postmortem human histology and connectional anatomy inferred from nonhuman primates. This structure/function correspondence in resting-state activity was strongest between each cerebral hemisphere and its ipsilateral thalamus. However, each hemisphere was also strongly correlated with the contralateral thalamus, a pattern that is not attributable to known thalamocortical monosynaptic connections. These results extend our understanding of the intrinsic network organization of the human brain to the thalamus and highlight the potential of resting-state fMRI BOLD imaging to elucidate thalamocortical relationships.

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Resting state fMRI in pre-surgical brain mapping. Literature review

Medical Visualization ◽

10.24835/1607-0763-2018-5-6-13 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 6-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. S. Smirnov ◽

M. G. Sharaev ◽

T. V. Melnikova-Pitskhelauri ◽

V. Yu. Zhukov ◽

A. E. Bikanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mapping ◽

Resting State ◽

Preoperative Planning ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Complete Information ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Blood Oxygen Level ◽

Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽

The Brain

Today, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows to plan surgery based on the topography of functionally important areas of the human brain cortex and tumor. This method can complement the surgical strategy with significant clinical information. The stimulus-dependent fMRI with motor and language paradigms is generally used for preoperative planning. The study outcome depends on the patient's ability to perform tasks paradigm, which is broken in brain tumors. In an attempt to overcome this problem, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is used for brain mapping. Rs-fMRI is based on the measurement of spontaneous fluctuations of the BOLD signal (blood oxygen level-dependent), representing the functional structure of the brain. In contrast to stimulus-dependent fMRI, rs-fMRI provides more complete information about functional architecture of the brain. rs-fMRI is used in conditions where the results of stimulusdependent fMRI may be falsely positive or in the absence of the possibility of its implementation. In aggregate, both methods significantly expand the efficiency and specificity of preoperative planning.

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Brain activity fluctuations propagate as waves traversing the cortical hierarchy

10.1101/2020.08.18.256610 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yameng Gu ◽

Lucas E. Sainburg ◽

Sizhe Kuang ◽

Feng Han ◽

Jack W. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Spontaneous Activity ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Hierarchical Organization ◽

Subcortical Structures ◽

Cortical Hierarchy ◽

Neural Origin ◽

The Brain

AbstractThe brain exhibits highly organized patterns of spontaneous activity as measured by resting-state fMRI fluctuations that are being widely used to assess the brain’s functional connectivity. Some evidence suggests that spatiotemporally coherent waves are a core feature of spontaneous activity that shapes functional connectivity, though this has been difficult to establish using fMRI given the temporal constraints of the hemodynamic signal. Here we investigated the structure of spontaneous waves in human fMRI and monkey electrocorticography. In both species, we found clear, repeatable, and directionally constrained activity waves coursed along a spatial axis approximately representing cortical hierarchical organization. These cortical propagations were closely associated with activity changes in distinct subcortical structures, particularly those related to arousal regulation, and modulated across different states of vigilance. The findings demonstrate a neural origin of spatiotemporal fMRI wave propagation at rest and link it to the principal gradient of resting-state fMRI connectivity.

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