scholarly journals Organization and function of Drosophila odorant binding proteins

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki K Larter ◽  
Jennifer S Sun ◽  
John R Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Olfactory Coding ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Odorant Binding

Odorant binding proteins (Obps) are remarkable in their number, diversity, and abundance, yet their role in olfactory coding remains unclear. They are widely believed to be required for transporting hydrophobic odorants through an aqueous lymph to odorant receptors. We construct a map of the Drosophila antenna, in which the abundant Obps are mapped to olfactory sensilla with defined functions. The results lay a foundation for an incisive analysis of Obp function. The map identifies a sensillum type that contains a single abundant Obp, Obp28a. Surprisingly, deletion of the sole abundant Obp in these sensilla does not reduce the magnitude of their olfactory responses. The results suggest that this Obp is not required for odorant transport and that this sensillum does not require an abundant Obp. The results further suggest a novel role for this Obp in buffering changes in the odor environment, perhaps providing a molecular form of gain control.

scholarly journals Sex- and tissue-specific transcriptome analyses and expression profiling of olfactory-related genes in Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Huihui Chang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The sophisticated insect olfactory system plays an important role in recognizing external odors and enabling insects to adapt to environment. Foraging, host seeking, mating, ovipositing and other forms of chemical communication are based on olfaction, which requires the participation of multiple olfactory genes. The exclusive evolutionary trend of the olfactory system in Orthoptera insects is an excellent model for studying olfactory evolution, but limited olfaction research is available for these species. The olfactory-related genes of Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a severe pest of bamboos, have not yet been reported. Results We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues of C. nigricornis and obtained 223.76 Gb clean data that were assembled into 43,603 unigenes with an N50 length of 2235 bp. Among the transcripts, 66.79% of unigenes were annotated. Based on annotation and tBLASTn results, 112 candidate olfactory-related genes were identified for the first time, including 20 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 10 chemosensory-binding proteins (CSPs), 71 odorant receptors (ORs), eight ionotropic receptors (IRs) and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values showed that most olfactory-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the antennae, and these results were confirmed by detecting the expression of olfactory-related genes with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these antennae-enriched genes, some were sex-biased, indicating their different roles in the olfactory system of C. nigricornis. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive list and expression profiles of olfactory-related genes in C. nigricornis and a foundation for functional studies of these olfactory-related genes at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling of Peripheral Olfactory Genes in the Parasitoid Wasp Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Reared on Different Aphid Hosts

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Gabriel I. Ballesteros ◽  
Daniela A. Sepúlveda ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Host Fidelity ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Odorant Binding

Generalist parasitoids of aphids, such as the wasp Aphidius ervi, display significant differences in terms of host preference and host acceptance, depending on the host on which they developed (natal host), which is preferred over a non-natal host, a trait known as host fidelity. This trait allows females to quickly find hosts in heterogeneous environments, a process mediated by chemosensory/olfactory mechanisms, as parasitoids rely on olfaction and chemical cues during host selection. Thus, it is expected that proteins participating in chemosensory recognition, such as odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs) would play a key role in host preference. In this study, we addressed the effect of parasitoid reciprocal host switching between two aphid hosts (Sitobion avenae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) on the expression patterns of chemosensory genes in the wasp A. ervi. First, by using a transcriptomic approach based on RNAseq of A. ervi females reared on S. avenae and A. pisum, we were able to annotate a total of 91 transcripts related to chemoperception. We also performed an in-silico expression analysis and found three OBPs and five ORs displaying different expression levels. Then, by using qRT-PCR amplification, we found significant differences in the expression levels of these eight genes when the parasitoids were reciprocally transplanted from S. avenae onto A. pisum and vice versa. This suggests that the expression levels of genes coding for odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins would be regulated by the specific plant–aphid host complex where the parasitoids develop (maternal previous experience) and that chemosensory genes coding for olfactory mechanisms would play a crucial role on host preference and host acceptance, ultimately leading to the establishment of host fidelity in A. ervi parasitoids.

scholarly journals Robust olfactory responses in the absence of odorant binding proteins

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuke Xiao ◽  
Jennifer S Sun ◽  
John R Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Olfactory Response ◽  
Functional Type ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Basiconic Sensilla ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Odor Receptors

Odorant binding proteins (Obps) are expressed at extremely high levels in the antennae of insects, and have long been believed essential for carrying hydrophobic odorants to odor receptors. Previously we found that when one functional type of olfactory sensillum in Drosophila was depleted of its sole abundant Obp, it retained a robust olfactory response (Larter et al., 2016). Here we have deleted all the Obp genes that are abundantly expressed in the antennal basiconic sensilla. All of six tested sensillum types responded robustly to odors of widely diverse chemical or temporal structure. One mutant gave a greater physiological and behavioral response to an odorant that affects oviposition. Our results support a model in which many sensilla can respond to odorants in the absence of Obps, and many Obps are not essential for olfactory response, but that some Obps can modulate olfactory physiology and the behavior that it drives.

scholarly journals Genome-wide survey of odorant-binding proteins in the dwarf honey bee Apis florea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavika Mam ◽  
Snehal Karpe ◽  
Ramanathan Sowdhamini
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Apis Florea ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Odorant Binding

AbstractOdorant binding proteins (OBPs) in insects bind to volatile chemical cue and help in their binding to odorant receptors. The odor coding hypothesis states that OBPs may bind with specificity to certain volatiles and aid the insect in various behaviours. Honeybees are eusocial insects with complex behaviour that requires olfactory inputs. Here, we have identified and annotated odorant binding proteins from the genome of the dwarf honey bee, Apis florea using an exhaustive homology-based bioinformatic pipeline and analyzed the evolutionary relationships between the OBP subfamilies. Our study suggests that Minus-C subfamily may have diverged from the Classic subfamily of odorant binding proteins in insects.

scholarly journals A new non-classical fold of varroa odorant-binding proteins reveals a wide open internal cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Amigues ◽  
Jiao Zhu ◽  
Anais Gaubert ◽  
Simona Arena ◽  
Giovanni Renzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Odorant Binding

AbstractOdorant-binding proteins (OBPs), as they occur in insects, form a distinct class of proteins that apparently has no closely related representatives in other animals. However, ticks, mites, spiders and millipedes contain genes encoding proteins with sequence similarity to insect OBPs. In this work, we have explored the structure and function of such non-insect OBPs in the mite Varroa destructor, a major pest of honey bee. Varroa OBPs present six cysteines paired into three disulphide bridges, but with positions in the sequence and connections different from those of their insect counterparts. VdesOBP1 structure was determined in two closely related crystal forms and appears to be a monomer. Its structure assembles five α-helices linked by three disulphide bridges, one of them exhibiting a different connection as compared to their insect counterparts. Comparison with classical OBPs reveals that the second of the six α-helices is lacking in VdesOBP1. Ligand-binding experiments revealed molecules able to bind only specific OBPs with a moderate affinity, suggesting that either optimal ligands have still to be identified, or post-translational modifications present in the native proteins may be essential for modulating binding activity, or else these OBPs might represent a failed attempt in evolution and are not used by the mites.

Odorant-binding proteins and olfactory coding in the solitary bee Osmia cornuta

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (16) ◽  
pp. 3029-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Yin ◽  
Immacolata Iovinella ◽  
Roberto Marangoni ◽  
Federica Cattonaro ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Olfactory Coding ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Odorant Binding
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