Decision letter: Emergence of transformation-tolerant representations of visual objects in rat lateral extrastriate cortex

Rodents are emerging as increasingly popular models of visual functions. Yet, evidence that rodent visual cortex is capable of advanced visual processing, such as object recognition, is limited. Here we investigate how neurons located along the progression of extrastriate areas that, in the rat brain, run laterally to primary visual cortex, encode object information. We found a progressive functional specialization of neural responses along these areas, with: (1) a sharp reduction of the amount of low-level, energy-related visual information encoded by neuronal firing; and (2) a substantial increase in the ability of both single neurons and neuronal populations to support discrimination of visual objects under identity-preserving transformations (e.g., position and size changes). These findings strongly argue for the existence of a rat object-processing pathway, and point to the rodents as promising models to dissect the neuronal circuitry underlying transformation-tolerant recognition of visual objects.

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Author response: Emergence of transformation-tolerant representations of visual objects in rat lateral extrastriate cortex

10.7554/elife.22794.030 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sina Tafazoli ◽

Houman Safaai ◽

Gioia De Franceschi ◽

Federica Bianca Rosselli ◽

Walter Vanzella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Author Response ◽

Extrastriate Cortex ◽

Visual Objects

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Neural Encoding Correlates of High and Low Verbal Memory Performance

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.20.2.68 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 68-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sibylle Heinze ◽

Gudrun Sartory ◽

Bernhard W. Müller ◽

Armin de Greiff ◽

Michael Forsting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Memory ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Extrastriate Cortex ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Premotor Area ◽

High Performers ◽

Rehearsal Strategy ◽

Common Memory

Neuroimaging studies have indicated involvement of left prefrontal cortex and temporal areas in verbal memory processes. The current study used event-related functional neuroimaging to compare encoding of subsequently recalled and not recalled words in high and low memory performers. Fifteen healthy volunteers were given lists of words to learn with immediate recall and to read as a control condition. High performers reported to have visualized the words whereas low performers used a rehearsal strategy. Compared to reading, unsuccessful encoding was associated with thalamic and left premotor area (BA 6) activity. Comparing successful with unsuccessful learning yielded widespread activity of the left prefrontal and posterior temporal gyrus as well as the left superior parietal lobe in the whole group. Low performers showed activation of the left premotor area throughout learning and additionally of the left middle temporal and parahippocampal gyrus during successful encoding. High performers showed increased activation in the extrastriate cortex throughout learning and additionally in the left parietal post- and paracentral areas as well as in the right precuneus during successful encoding. The results suggest that high verbal memory performance is the result of spatiovisual activation concomitant to imagery and low performance of hippocampal and motor activation, the latter being associated with rehearsal, with a common memory circuit subserving both groups.

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Deskripsi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Berdasarkan Karakteristik Lerner dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Geometri

Talenta Conference Series Science and Technology (ST) ◽

10.32734/st.v2i2.545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nazom Murio ◽

Roseli Theis

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Visual Perception ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Visual Objects ◽

Almost All ◽

Personality Classification ◽

The Given ◽

Classification Test ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

Geometri adalah bagian matematika yang sangat dekat dari siswa, karena hampir semua objek visual yang ada di sekitar siswa adalah objek geometri, tetapi tidak semua siswa menyukai pembelajaran yang menyertakan gambar, sehingga memungkinkan siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar geometri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kesulitan belajar siswa berdasarkan karakteristik Lerner dalam menyelesaikan pertanyaan geometri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa dengan kepribadian wali yang mengalami kesulitan belajar di kelas IX A SMP N 30 Muaro Jambi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penulis sendiri, lembar tes klasifikasi kepribadian, lembar tes kesulitan belajar, dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa dengan kepribadian wali yang mengalami kesulitan belajar, 100% mengalami kelainan persepsi visual, di mana siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan seperti apa bangun datar pada masalah tersebut. 60% mengalami kesulitan mengenali dan memahami simbol, di mana siswa melihat simbol "//" sebagai simbol untuk kesesuaian. Serta 40% mengalami kesulitan dalam bahasa dan membaca, di mana siswa kesulitan dalam memahami pertanyaan yang diberikan. Geometry is a very close mathematical part of the student, because almost all visual objects that exist around the students are objects of geometry, but not all students like learning that includes images, thus allowing students to have difficulty in learning geometry. The purpose of this research is to describe students' learning difficulties based on Lerner's characteristic in solving the geometry question. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects were students with guardian personality who had difficulty studying in class IX A SMP N 30 Muaro Jambi. Instruments used in this study are the authors themselves, personality classification test sheets, learning difficulties test sheets, and interview guidelines. The results showed students with guardian personality who experienced learning difficulties, 100% experienced visual perception abnormalities, where students have difficulty in determining what kind of flat wake on the matter. 60% have difficulty recognizing and understanding symbols, where students see the symbol "//" as a symbol for conformity. As well as 40% have difficulty in language and reading, where students difficulty in understanding the given question.

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