MEASURING PLACE ATTACHMENT, IDENTITY, AND MEMORY IN URBAN SPACES: CASE OF THE WALLED CITY OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Public spaces are essential for any city as they define place character; they are the meeting point for social and cultural actions. Place attachment is moulded by the tie between individuals and places. The research examines the historic streets, which are remainders of their period when the pedestrian flow was predominant and had exceptional qualities that supported social action. The changed settings nowadays might have changed people’s views and the investigation was made to question and check individual’s common memory and their sensitive ties to the historic streets. The four streets from the Walled City of Lahore were selected upon their significance of history and usage. The questionnaires were prepared and the fieldwork analysis was conducted face to face and selected streets were investigated in the terms of, place attachment, identity, and memory. The outcome proved that there is a promising feeling of attachment towards the selected streets and lacking qualities of a street can be improved if look closely at the worthy streets. The study addressed an important issue of marginalization and the results from the Shah-Almi street shows that their act will create the walled city streets to lose their identity as it is formed by its users.

The semantics of shared memory in Intel CPU/FPGA systems

Heterogeneous CPU/FPGA devices, in which a CPU and an FPGA can execute together while sharing memory, are becoming popular in several computing sectors. In this paper, we study the shared-memory semantics of these devices, with a view to providing a firm foundation for reasoning about the programs that run on them. Our focus is on Intel platforms that combine an Intel FPGA with a multicore Xeon CPU. We describe the weak-memory behaviours that are allowed (and observable) on these devices when CPU threads and an FPGA thread access common memory locations in a fine-grained manner through multiple channels. Some of these behaviours are familiar from well-studied CPU and GPU concurrency; others are weaker still. We encode these behaviours in two formal memory models: one operational, one axiomatic. We develop executable implementations of both models, using the CBMC bounded model-checking tool for our operational model and the Alloy modelling language for our axiomatic model. Using these, we cross-check our models against each other via a translator that converts Alloy-generated executions into queries for the CBMC model. We also validate our models against actual hardware by translating 583 Alloy-generated executions into litmus tests that we run on CPU/FPGA devices; when doing this, we avoid the prohibitive cost of synthesising a hardware design per litmus test by creating our own 'litmus-test processor' in hardware. We expect that our models will be useful for low-level programmers, compiler writers, and designers of analysis tools. Indeed, as a demonstration of the utility of our work, we use our operational model to reason about a producer/consumer buffer implemented across the CPU and the FPGA. When the buffer uses insufficient synchronisation -- a situation that our model is able to detect -- we observe that its performance improves at the cost of occasional data corruption.

An Ml-Based Memory Leak Detection Scheme for Network Devices

The network is very important to the normal operation of all aspects of society and economy, and the memory leak of network device is a software failure that seriously damages the stability of the system. Some common memory checking tools are not suitable for network devices that are running online, so the operation staff can only constantly monitor the memory usage and infer from experience, which has been proved to be inefficient and unreliable. In this paper we proposed a novel memory leak detection method for network devices based on Machine learning. It first eliminates the impact of large-scale resource table entries on the memory utilization. Then, by analyzing its monotonicity and computing the correlation coefficient with the memory leak sequence sets pre constructed by simulation, the memory leak fault can be found in time. The simulation experiments show that the scheme is computationally efficient and the precision rate is close to 100%, it works well in the actual network environment, and has excellent performance.

Twofold Addressing of Microinstructions in CMCU with Common Memory

Introduction. Control unit (CU) is one of the most important blocks of practically any digital system. Its characteristics largely determine the characteristics of a system as a whole. As a rule, to synthesize CUs, the models of Mealy and Moore finite state machines (FSMs) are used. The article is devoted to compositional microprogram control units (CMCUs). A CMCU is a Moore FSM in which a state register is replaced by a microinstruction address counter. The choice of CMCU is an optimal solution for implementing linear control algorithms. When developing FSM circuits, it is necessary to optimize such characteristics as the performance and hardware amount. The methods of optimization depend strongly on logic elements used. Nowadays, FPGA chips are one of the most common logic elements for implementing digital systems. To implement the CMCU circuit, it is enough to use look-up table (LUT) elements, programmable flip-flops, embedded memory blocks, and programmable interconnections. The purpose of the article. In the article, there is proposed a CMCU design method improving such characteristics of CU as the number of logic levels and regularity of programmable interconnections. The main drawback of LUT is a small number of inputs. Modern digital systems can generate signals of logical conditions entering the control unit, the number of which is tens of times greater than the number of LUT inputs. Such a discrepancy between the characteristics of the control algorithm and the number of inputs of the LUT elements leads to multi-level control circuits with an irregular structure of programmable interconnections, and is the reason for a decrease in performance and an increase in chip area and power consumption. Results. A method for double addressing of microinstructions in CMCU with shared memory is proposed. The method is an adaptation of the two-fold state assignment of Mealy FSMs, the circuits of which are implemented with FPGAs. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain a microinstruction addressing circuit with two logic levels and a regular interconnection system. The paper considers an example of the synthesis of the CMCU circuit and analyzes the proposed method. Conclusions. The proposed method allows reducing hardware amount (the number of LUTs and their interconnections), time of delay and power consumption. Moreover, the more complex the control algorithm, the greater the benefit the proposed method gives. Keywords: compositional microprogram control unit, microinstruction, LUT, EMB, synthesis.

EXPRESS: Explaining the association between repetition priming and source memory: No evidence for a contribution of recognition or fluency

In a conjoint memory task (measuring repetition priming, recognition memory, source memory), items recognized as previously studied and receiving correct source decisions also tend to show a greater magnitude of the repetition priming effect. These associations have been explained as arising from a single memory system or signal, rather than multiple distinct ones (Lange, Berry, & Hollins, 2020). In the present work, we examine whether the association between priming and source memory can alternatively be explained as being driven by recognition or fluency. We first reproduced the basic priming-source association (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that the association persisted even when the task was modified so that overt and covert recognition judgments were precluded. In Experiment 4, the association was again present even though fluency (as measured by identification response time) could not influence the source decision, although the association was notably weaker. These findings suggest that the association between priming and source memory is not attributable to a contribution of recognition or fluency; instead, the findings are consistent with a single-system account in which a common memory signal drives responding.

School Libraries Archive Community Images

As multiculturalism is becoming a world value, the creation, culture, and common memory of the community nowadays should be the running water source of “The National Digital Archives Program.” However, while we are making great efforts to improve the creation of the local cultural community and multicultural development, the connotations of the community culture, as well as the local anecdotes, which are closely related to our daily lives, are definitely worth recording and passing down. Thus, as a place of knowledge collecting and culture reservation, the school library should play a more positive role in the community changes which are related to the economic development, the urban style, the basic necessities of life, the languages, and the humanity characteristics. One of the important tendencies in the present education reform in Taiwan is the cooperation between the school and the community. With the school library open to the public, the number of people that the school serves will increase and the interaction between the school and the community residents will be more frequent. If the school library has a good interaction with the local community residents, it will become a wonderful place for the community residents to have access to gaining knowledge and receiving lifelong learning. Therefore, with the application of the digital technology in the library, the digital archives of the community cultural images can not only preserve related data effectively but also disseminate and introduce the local history and characteristics to the world through the Internet. In addition, they can be served as valuable digital cultural materials for people to learn, to educate and to study. The study attempts to archive the community images by promoting the creation of digital images. Through the conformity of school teaching activities, the promotion of the use of the library, and intervention the community cultural events, we encourage teachers, students and the residents to record the history, geography, customs and humanity of the community by means of the creation of digital images, documentaries for example. As a result, we hope that the digital image of the common memory of the community would be created gradually and the library would be more multi-functional and become a place to keep the local data, to improve the understanding of the community, to offer the teaching materials and to raise the local consciousness.

Memory Politics in the European Union: in Search for Common Landmarks

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU.

Selected Aspects of Zygmunt Mysłakowski’s Work Entitled O kulturze współżycia. Rozważania i propozycje [On the Culture of Coexistence: Considerations and Propositions] in the Light of His Biography

Zygmunt Mysłakowski (1890–1971) was a Polish pedagogue who contributed to the establishment and operation of many scientific and educational institutions. He was among the creators of Polish pedagogy and represented the sociological and cultural trend, as well as socialistic pedagogy. O kulturze współżycia. Rozważania i propozycje [On the Culture of Coexistence: Considerations and Propositions] is one of his lesser known, yet still topical, works concerning the foundations of the culture of coexistence and human relations including: words, speech, as well as individual and common memory. He also touches upon the aspects of elderly people and team work.

An Incidental Learning Method to Improve Face-Name Memory in Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective:Forgetting names is a common memory concern for people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and is related to explicit memory deficits and pathological changes in the medial temporal lobes at the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the current experiment, we tested a unique method to improve memory for face–name associations in people with aMCI involving incidental rehearsal of face–name pairs.Method:Older adults with aMCI and age- and education-matched controls learned 24 face–name pairs and were tested via immediate cued recall with faces as cues for associated names. During a 25- to 30-min retention interval, 10 of the face–name pairs reappeared as a quarter of the items on a seemingly unrelated 1-back task on faces, with the superimposed names irrelevant to the task. After the delay, surprise delayed cued recall and forced-choice associative recognition tests were administered for the face–name pairs.Results:Both groups showed reduced forgetting of the names that repeated as distraction and enhanced recollection of these pairs.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that passive methods to prompt automatic retrieval of associations may hold promise as interventions for people with early signs of AD.

Tell me what you saw: The usefulness of verbal descriptions for others

Describing what one saw to another person is common in everyday experience, such as spatial navigation and crime investigations. Past studies have examined the effects of recounting on one’s own memory, neglecting an important function of memory recall in social communication. Here we report surprisingly low utility of one’s verbal descriptions for others, even when visual memory for the stimuli has high capacity. Participants described photographs of common objects they had seen to enable judges to identify the target object from a foil in the same basic-level category. When describing from perception, participants were able to provide useful descriptions, allowing judges to accurately identify the target objects 87% of the time. Judges’ accuracy decreased to just 57% when participants provided descriptions from memory acquired minutes ago, and to near chance (51.8%) when the verbal descriptions were based on memory acquired 24 hours ago. Comparison of participants’ own identification accuracy with judges’ accuracy suggests the presence of a common source of errors. This finding suggests that recall and recognition of visual objects share common memory sources. In addition, the low utility of one’s verbal descriptions constrains theories about the extension of one’s memory to the external world and has implications for eyewitness identification and laws governing it.