scholarly journals Fast-backward replay of sequentially memorized items in humans

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Huang ◽  
Jianrong Jia ◽  
Qiming Han ◽  
Huan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Actual Sequence ◽  
External Events ◽  
Sequence Memory ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Reversed Order

Storing temporal sequences of events (i.e., sequence memory) is fundamental to many cognitive functions. However, it is unknown how the sequence order information is maintained and represented in working memory and its behavioral significance, particularly in human subjects. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with a temporal response function (TRF) method to dissociate item-specific neuronal reactivations. We demonstrate that serially remembered items are successively reactivated during memory retention. The sequential replay displays two interesting properties compared to the actual sequence. First, the item-by-item reactivation is compressed within a 200 – 400 ms window, suggesting that external events are associated within a plasticity-relevant window to facilitate memory consolidation. Second, the replay is in a temporally reversed order and is strongly related to the recency effect in behavior. This fast-backward replay, previously revealed in rat hippocampus and demonstrated here in human cortical activities, might constitute a general neural mechanism for sequence memory and learning.

scholarly journals Fast-backward replay of sequentially memorized items in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Huang ◽  
Jianrong Jia ◽  
Qiming Han ◽  
Huan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Actual Sequence ◽  
External Events ◽  
Sequence Memory ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Reversed Order

AbstractStoring temporal sequences of events (i.e., sequence memory) is fundamental to many cognitive functions. However, how the sequence order information is maintained and represented in working memory and its behavioral significance, particularly in human subjects, remains unknown. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with a temporal response function (TRF) method to dissociate item-specific neuronal reactivations. We demonstrate that serially remembered items are successively reactivated during memory retention. The sequential replay displays two interesting properties compared to the actual sequence. First, the item-by-item reactivation is compressed within a 200-400 ms window, suggesting that external events are associated within a plasticity-relevant window to facilitate memory consolidation. Second, the replay is in a temporally reversed order and is strongly related to the recency effect in behavior. This fast-backward replay, previously revealed in rat hippocampus and demonstrated here in human cortical activities, might constitute a general neural mechanism for sequence memory and learning.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids in the prefrontal cortex enhance memory consolidation and impair working memory by a common neural mechanism

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (38) ◽  
pp. 16655-16660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barsegyan ◽  
S. M. Mackenzie ◽  
B. D. Kurose ◽  
J. L. McGaugh ◽  
B. Roozendaal
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Neural Mechanism

036 The Effect of Exercise on Sleep Architecture and Memory Consolidation during a Daytime Nap

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A16-A16
Author(s):  
Megan Collins ◽  
Erin Wamsley ◽  
Hailey Napier ◽  
Madeline Ray
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to especially benefit declarative memory (i.e., memory for facts and events). As such, recent studies have used various methods to experimentally increase the amount of slow wave sleep that participants obtain, with the goal of assessing how SWS affects declarative memory consolidation. Studies dating back decades have reported that exercising before sleep may increase time spent in SWS. Thus, the aim of the current project was to determine whether exercising after learning verbal information enhances slow wave sleep during a subsequent nap and/or enhances memory for verbal information. Methods Participants who exercised regularly were recruited to attend two 2.5hr laboratory sessions. During each session, they trained on a paired associates learning task and then completed either a 20min cardiovascular exercise routine or a 20min stretching routine. Following a 1hr nap opportunity, participants were tested on their memory. PSG was recorded during the nap, and scored following AASM criteria. Participants were excluded from analysis if they failed to sleep for at least 10 min. Following exclusions, n=30 participants were included in analysis. Results Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no significant difference between the exercise and stretching conditions for minutes spent in slow wave sleep (p=.16), % time spent in slow wave sleep (p=.22), or raw improvement in paired associated performance (p=.23). The amount of SWS obtained during the nap did not correlate with performance in either condition (SWS min vs. memory in exercise condition: r28=.10, p=.60; sleep condition: r28=-.06, p=.74). Exercise did not affect time spent in any other sleep stage, nor did it affect total sleep time. Conclusion Contrary to our hypotheses and the results of prior research, we were unable to detect a significant effect of exercise on slow wave sleep. Also contrary to our hypotheses, exercise did not affect memory retention across the nap interval. These null results could indicate that there is no effect of exercise on nap sleep and/or associated memory retention. However, it could also be that we lacked sufficient power to detect effects that were smaller than expected. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Individual differences in working memory capacity moderate effects of post-learning activity on memory consolidation over the long term

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Martini ◽  
Robert Marhenke ◽  
Caroline Martini ◽  
Sonja Rossi ◽  
Pierre Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Word List ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Eyes Closed

Abstract Similar to sleeping after learning, a brief period of wakeful resting after encoding new information supports memory retention in contrast to task-related cognition. Recent evidence suggests that working memory capacity (WMC) is related to sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation. We tested whether WMC moderates the effect of a brief period of wakeful resting compared to performing a distractor task subsequent to encoding a word list. Participants encoded and immediately recalled a word list followed by either an 8 min wakeful resting period (eyes closed, relaxed) or by performing an adapted version of the d2 test of attention for 8 min. At the end of the experimental session (after 12–24 min) and again, after 7 days, participants were required to complete a surprise free recall test of both word lists. Our results show that interindividual differences in WMC are a central moderating factor for the effect of post-learning activity on memory retention. The difference in word retention between a brief period of wakeful resting versus performing a selective attention task subsequent to encoding increased in higher WMC individuals over a retention interval of 12–24 min, as well as over 7 days. This effect was reversed in lower WMC individuals. Our results extend findings showing that WMC seems not only to moderate sleep-related but also wakeful resting-related memory consolidation.

scholarly journals Resting States and Memory Consolidation: A Preregistered Replication and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graelyn B. Humiston ◽  
Matthew A. Tucker ◽  
Theodore Summer ◽  
Erin J. Wamsley
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Spontaneous Thought ◽  
The Mind

AbstractWhile several recent studies have found that a post-encoding period of quiet, eyes-closed waking rest benefits memory consolidation, others have reported null effects. To more precisely estimate this effect, we conducted a quasi-exact behavioural replication of a recent study from our lab, which found that post-training eyes-closed waking rest improved declarative memory relative to a distractor task. Contrary to our hypothesis, the observed effect was not significant; however, it did fall within the 95% confidence interval of our previous finding. Furthermore, a meta-analytic effect summarizing n = 10 similar studies indicates a moderately sized and significant benefit of waking rest for verbal memory (d = 0.38, p < 0.001). We argue that the apparently conflicting results in this literature are most parsimoniously explained by variability due to sampling and/or measurement error, in a group of studies often underpowered to detect a smaller-than-expected effect of rest. Additionally, exploratory analyses revealed that increased trait daydreaming frequency negatively correlated with memory retention during eyes-closed rest. Together with our replication and meta-analysis, these studies suggest that waking rest confers a small but significant benefit on memory consolidation, and that this benefit requires the mind to be free from attention to either external tasks or spontaneous thought.

scholarly journals 0112 Sleep-Dependent Motor Sequence Memory Consolidation in Individuals with Periodic Limb Movements

SLEEP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A44-A44
Author(s):  
L B Ray ◽  
V Sergeeva ◽  
J Viczko ◽  
A M Owen ◽  
S M Fogel
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Sequence Memory

Combined Blockade of Cholinergic Receptors Shifts the Brain from Stimulus Encoding to Memory Consolidation

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn H. Rasch ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Steffen Gais
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Cholinergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Cholinergic Tone ◽  
The Brain

High central nervous system levels of acetylcholine (ACh) are commonly regarded as crucial for learning and memory, and a decline in cholinergic neurotransmission is associated with Alzheimer's dementia. However, recent findings revealed exceptions to this rule: The low ACh tone characterizing slowwave sleep (SWS) has proven necessary for consolidation of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories during this sleep stage. Such observations, together with recent models of a hippocampal-neocortical dialogue underlying systems memory consolidation, suggest that high levels of ACh support memory encoding, whereas low levels facilitate consolidation. We tested this hypothesis in human subjects by blocking cholinergic neurotransmission during wakefulness, starting 30 min after learning. Subjects received the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (4 µg/kg bodyweight intravenously) and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (5 mg orally). Compared to placebo, combined muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade significantly improved consolidation of declarative memories tested 10 hr later, but simultaneously impaired acquisition of similar material. Consolidation of procedural memories, which are not dependent on hippocampal functioning, was unaffected. Neither scopolamine nor mecamylamine alone enhanced declarative memory consolidation. Our findings support the notion that ACh acts as a switch between modes of acquisition and consolidation. We propose that the natural shift in central nervous system cholinergic tone from high levels during wakefulness to minimal levels during SWS optimizes declarative memory consolidation during a period with no need for new memory encoding.

scholarly journals Effect of Story-Based Audio Visual Mnemonics in Comparison with Text Reading Method on Memory Consolidation among Medical Students: A randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla ◽  
Meram Azzani ◽  
Reanugah Rajendren ◽  
Tan Kim Hong ◽  
Yamunah A/P Balachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Visual Mnemonics ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Single Response

Abstract Background: Traditional teaching methods via faculty lectures lacked interactivity, as seen with text-based materials. Hence, this research aimed to compare the effectiveness of story-based audio-visual mnemonics and conventional text reading methods on medical students’ memory consolidation. Methods: A single-center, systematic random sampling, single-blinded, controlled study was conducted among 80 medical students in year one. The students were randomly assigned to the text-based (control) or story-based audio-visual mnemonics (intervention). Then, a test was held immediately, consisting of ten multiple-choice questions and ten oral recall keywords based on the topic given. The test was repeated in one week, two weeks, and four weeks later. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. The mean score difference between the audiovisual mnemonic and control groups was determined using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Results: This study found that participants who underwent a story-based audiovisual mnemonics method had statistically significant higher marks in the single-response answer questions compared to participants who undergone a text reading method. The audiovisual group also spent a statistically significant shorter time to recall in the oral recall test in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, story-based audio-visual mnemonics are more effective in medical student’s memory retention compared to the conventional text reading method.

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