scholarly journals Copulas in Spanish: Scalar structure and interpretive economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
Carmelo Bazaco
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Salient Point ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Salient Points ◽  
Scalar Structure ◽  
Ser And Estar ◽  
Closed Scale

This article analyzes the distribution of the copulas ser and estar in Spanish, based on a scalar theoretical framework. The main proposal is that their distribution can be captured in terms of the scalar structure of the predicates involved and the presence of cognitive salient points on those scales. The proposed framework centers around ser predicates involving a single degree on the scale, while those with estar involve an interval, which additionally must involve an onset, or salient point.   This analysis has two advantages. First, it accounts for subjects and closed-scale adjective pairs not being able to alternate between ser or estar. The endpoints present on closed-scales act as strong salient points that, based on the Principle of Interpretive Economy, require that the copula estar is used if it can. Second, this analysis also accounts for the distribution of estar with open-scale predicates and explains why adjectives like famoso ‘famous’ or rico ‘rich’ are virtually absent from estar predications, despite having the appropriate temporal reading. Cognitive salient points are also responsible for generating the appropriate scalar interval required for estar predications, although their being weaker than endpoints on closed-scales does not require estar be the only copula available. The article also accounts for the nature of these onsets on open-scale adjectives and provides a diagnostic tool to determine which adjectives have them, and consequently can appear in estar predications.

scholarly journals Adjective distribution in Modern Mongolian

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Wenchao LI
Keyword(s):  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Scalar Structure ◽  
Closed Scale

This paper discusses adjective distribution in Mongolian based upon the mereological framework: scale structure. It investigates how adjectival complements are sensitive to the scalar structure of adjectival predicates (APs) in resultative constructions as well as direct perception expressions. The findings reveal that Mongolian only tolerates inherent resultatives; derived resultatives are ruled out. The acceptability of adjectival complements in inherent resultatives runs from 'Totally open-scale/Totally closed-scale' down to 'Lower closed/Upper closed-scale'. On the other hand, adjectival complements in direct perception expressions are of no diverse acceptability, i.e. all layers of APs are licensed. Furthermore, durative verbs are likely to yield open-scale APs whilst punctual verbs seem to favour closed-scale APs.

A Scale Structure View of Resultatives in Japanese, Chinese and German

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li
Keyword(s):  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scalar Property ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Scalar Structure ◽  
Closed Scale

<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">This paper provides a scale-based semantics for resultatives in Japanese, Chinese and German, in an effort to arrive at: how adjectival complements and verbs in resultative constructions show sensitivity to the scalar structure. The findings reveal that Japanese accepts both open and closed-scale adjectives but disallows atelic verbs in resultatives. It appears that both telic and atelic verbs are welcome by Chinese resultatives. Adjectival complements in German resultatives are of no diverse distribution, i.e. both open and closed-scale APs are allowed to indicate a result in inherent resultatives and derived resultatives. </span><span lang="X-NONE">However, German verbs show sensitivity to the scalar property. The conclusion that one can draw here is that Japanese tends to be a </span><span lang="X-NONE">‘BECOME-focused’ language, with the encoding of resutlatives arriving at morph-syntactic level. </span><span lang="X-NONE">German, on the other hand, is likely to be a ‘BE AT-focused’ language. There is no restriction towards adjectives, but verbs show sensitivity to the scalar structure. Chinese is also a ‘BE AT-focused’ language, with resultatives mainly facilitated via syntax. Moreover, neither verbs nor adjectives are sensitive to the scalar structure. </span></p>

SALIENT POINTS OF Q-CONVEX SETS

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DAURAT
Keyword(s):  
Finite Subset ◽  
Convex Sets ◽  
Convex Set ◽  
Salient Point ◽  
Extremal Points ◽  
Salient Points

The Q-convexity is a kind of convexity in the discrete plane. This notion has practically the same properties as the usual convexity: an intersection of two Q-convex sets is Q-convex, and the salient points can be defined like the extremal points. Moreover a Q-convex set is characterized by its salient point. The salient points can be generalized to any finite subset of ℤ2.

scholarly journals On degree minimizers in Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Isabel Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Silvia Gumiel-Molina ◽  
Norberto Moreno-Quibén
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Gradable Adjectives ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
Scalar Structure ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Closed Scale

The goal of this paper is to provide both a description and an explanation of the combination of minimizers (ligeramente 'slightly') with gradable adjectives in Spanish. According to Kennedy & McNally (2005) these elements are degree items that are sensitive to the scalar structure of adjectives and are combined with closed scale, minimum standard adjectives. Unexpected combinations, according to this semantics, are considered as cases of coercion. In this paper we propose that minimizers create derived adjectives. They are modifiers of the adjective's granularity, which allow the selection of the standard of comparison to take into account a greater number of degree distinctions. From this proposal, this article shows that unexpected combinations of ligeramente with gradable adjectives, such as un cine ligeramente lleno ‘a slightly crowded cinema’, can be explained without the need to propose that a coercion process takes place.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR WHATSAPP USE IN ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. a6en
Author(s):  
Márcio Carneiro dos Santos ◽  
Miguel Dias Abdalla ◽  
Protásio Cézar dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Information Circulation

We present an excerpt of work in progress, whose objective is to develop a diagnostic tool for using WhatsApp in organizational environments. The project, oriented towards facing real situations, characterizes the initiative as applied research. The solution involves a data collection instrument, form categorization and an algorithm for basic exploratory analysis of group conversations identified among participants. Based on a theoretical framework that points to the changes resulting from digitalizing information circulation. The test application taking place at SEBRAE-MA, has shown effectiveness in identifying specific problems, thus enabling proposals regarding mitigation initiatives and better use.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salient Point Detection Methods for 3D Medical Images

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn Lloyd ◽  
Gabor Szekely ◽  
Ron Kikinis ◽  
Simon Warfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Medical Image Registration ◽  
Salient Point ◽  
Salient Points ◽  
Point Detection

Salient points are used for various applications, such as medical image registration, tracking, stereoscopic matching. The purpose of this paper is to compare two commonly used methods to extract salient points in 3D medical images. We give an interpretation of the methods and validate their performance empirically based on criteria derived for the task of image registration, displacement measurement and tracking in medical images.

The acquisition of copula verbs in Basque by bilinguals

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Larrañaga ◽  
Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Specific Property ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
Ser And Estar ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

This article focuses on the acquisition of copula verbs in Basque by Basque–Spanish bilinguals. Basque and Spanish have two copula verbs: izan and egon and ser and estar, respectively. Basque copulas are similar to their Spanish counterparts in terms of the grammatical contexts in which they are used. However, Basque and Spanish differ in one specific property, the progressive, which is built with izan in Basque. This article assumes the theoretical framework of Zagona for Basque because copula selection can be accounted for by this approach. The present study is the first one to address the issue of the acquisition of copula verbs by Basque–Spanish bilingual children in Basque; we analyze the language used in a storytelling task by 19 Basque-dominant bilinguals compared to that used by 19 child L2 Basque learners, in order to elucidate whether both groups of bilingual children use the copula in a target-like way in Basque. The study shows that no copula choice errors are produced by any of the participants with any predicates. The distribution of the predicates very much resembles the distribution of the predicates in previous studies for Spanish. Adhering to Zagona’s framework, the progressive was included in our study. In this respect, the progressive is used in a target-deviant manner, a finding that can be attributed to crosslinguistic influence. These results are ultimately attributed to children’s parallel knowledge of both interpretable and uninterpretable features, although uninterpretable features seem to be acquired a little earlier.

Mind wandering as data augmentation: How mental travel supports abstraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe Faber
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Important Addition

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Larry J. Mattes
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Response Quality ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Language Analysis

Elicited imitation tasks are frequently used as a diagnostic tool in evaluating children with communication handicaps. This article presents a scoring procedure that can be used to obtain an in-depth descriptive analysis of responses produced on elicited imitation tasks. The Elicited Language Analysis Procedure makes it possible to systematically evaluate responses in terms of both their syntactic and semantic relationships to the stimulus sentences presented by the examiner. Response quality measures are also included in the analysis procedure.

Sleep pharyngoscopy as a diagnostic tool in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Van Der Meulen ◽  
Van Steenwijk ◽  
Oei-Lim ◽  
Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep
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