scholarly journals The effects of stand characteristics on reindeer lichens and range use by semi-domesticated reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Helle ◽  
J. Aspi ◽  
S.-S. Kilpelä
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Logging Residue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Reindeer Lichens ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The study was carried out in Kuusamo (66°15'N, 29°05'E) and Inari (68°30'N, 28°15'E), northern Finland, where 24 and 22 Scots pine stands were studied respectively. Clear-cutting (logging residue) caused a decline in lichen biomass for some few years, but otherwise the age of the stand had no effect upon lichen biomass. Instead, a positive correlation was found between litter/logging residue and the mean height of lichens; in Kuusamo, logging residue decreased significantly with the age of the stand. Grazing pressure in terms of fecal group density increased with the age of the stand. The preference of old forests came visible also as a lower mean height of lichens, which eliminates the possibility that the preference of old forests is associated only to the use of arboreal lichens. In Inari, grazing pressure sharply increased after the stand had reached the age of 100 years despite scarce litter/logging residue and fair lichen ranges in younger forests; there prevailed a negative correlation between stand density and grazing pressure. It has been suggested that there might be three main reasons for reindeers preferring old forests: 1) hardening of the snow (because of winds) on clear-cut areas, 2) logging residue preventing digging for the food beneath the snow, and 3) poor visibility in young pine stands (Inari) which might increase predation risk.

scholarly journals Managing stand density to enhance the adaptability of Scots pine stands to climate change: A modelling approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Ameztegui ◽  
Antoine Cabon ◽  
Miquel De Cáceres ◽  
Lluís Coll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Aboveground Carbon Content and Storage in Mature Scots Pine Stands of Different Densities

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Węgiel ◽  
Krzysztof Polowy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Background and Objectives: The continuous increase in the amount of atmospheric CO2 is a factor that significantly contributes to global warming. Forests can be used to mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon and storing it. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most abundant tree species in Polish forests and can substantially aid carbon accumulation. The aim of the study was to determine the carbon content in the dry mass of various parts of Scots pine trees and to evaluate the relationship between the accumulation of carbon in aboveground tree biomass and some stand parameters. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in 20 even-aged (81–90 years old) Scots pine stands in northwestern Poland (Drawno Forest District). The densities of these stands ranged from 476 to 836 trees per hectare. The aboveground biomass was calculated as the sum of the following tree compartments: stem (wood and bark), dead branches, thick branches, thin branches and needles. The carbon content and storage in these compartments was determined. Results: The mean carbon content was lowest in stem wood (47.0%) and highest in needles (50.3%). No correlation between the stand density and the level of carbon stored in the aboveground biomass of Scots pines was found.

scholarly journals Variability in sub-regional impacts of dwarf mistletoe on mature lodgepole pine

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Thomson ◽  
John A. Muir ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Roadside Survey ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Old Trees

Impact of lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe was determined in six sub-areas of Forest Inventory Zone H, near Prince George, British Columbia, using a roadside survey and measurements of mature infected trees. Mistletoe effects on DBH were evident only in two of the sub-areas surveyed (Westlake and Nechako). After correcting DBH measurements for competition (stand density), dbh of 100–120 year old and 121–150 year old trees was reduced 10% and 17% respectively, in the highest mistletoe rating (DMR) category (4.5–6.0). Height/DBH relationships were affected by dwarf mistletoe only in the Nechako area. Mistletoe effects in the Nechako and Westlake areas, in stands older than 120 years with mistletoe ratings of 4.5–6.0, resulted in volume reductions of 28–42%, depending on the effects of mistletoe on height. Further losses might accrue in lodgepole pine stands if clear-cut harvesting were restricted by the BC Forest Practices Code, unless infected stems are selectively removed. Key words: roadside survey, dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR), Forest Practices Code

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution of Hylobius abietis in Scots pine stands – implications for pest monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skrzecz ◽  
Lidia Sukovata ◽  
Tomasz Jabłoński ◽  
Alicja Sowińska ◽  
Hanna Szmidla
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractThe protection of reforested areas against the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis is one of the greatest forest management challenges in many European countries. No information exists on the spatial distribution of this pest, which is necessary to assess its abundance and, consequently, to precisely estimate its threat to reforested sites. The aim of this study was to assess the spatio-temporal changes in the number of H. abietis beetles in reforested clear-cut areas (reforestations) and neighbouring Pinus sylvestris stands, from which these beetles are assumed to migrate to the reforestations. In this two-year study, baited traps were used to catch H. abietis beetles in the reforestations and neighbouring stands. The results revealed significantly more beetles in the neighbouring old stands (61–69 years) than in the young stands (5–11 years). The distribution of the beetles in both the old and young stands was inversely dependent on the distance from the stand edge. The large pine weevil migration to the reforestations was most intense in mid-May and early June. In May, most beetles were collected along the edges of the reforestations; in June, their distribution was more regular; and in July, the beetles were more abundant in the central part of the reforestations. These results allow H. abietis monitoring improvement, which is an important element of integrated forest protection.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic transformation of ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Bialowieza Forest, Poland: from primeval forests to managed woodlands of various ages

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Skłodowski
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hygrophilous Species

The interference of man in the primeval forest of Bialowieza (e. g. clear-cutting and reforesting fertile habitats with pine or spruce) brings about changes in carabid assemblages, including a reduction in the proportion of individuals of relict species, reduction in the mean individual biomass (MIB) and in the sum of positive characteristics (SPC; a summary indicator). Human impact in forest ecosystems causes losses of some relict species and a gain of ubiquitous species. I com— pared the carabid faunas of pristine forests to those of various stages of clear-cut originated succession. Clear-cutting caused a drastic decrease in MIB, a reduction in the proportion of brachypterous species, and an increase in both the number of hygrophilous species and their proportion in the assemblage.

Spatial and temporal variation in the Bight environment of developing Scots pine stands: the basis for a quick and efficient method of characterizing Bight

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Messier ◽  
Pasi Puttonen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Overcast Sky ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Spatial and temporal variations in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 1 m above the forest floor were measured under and between dominant pines and in 21- to 52-m2 gaps under developing Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) stands in southern Finland. For each stand, PPFD data were collected continuously every 10-s and then averaged for every 5-min period during 4-6 days under completely clear and overcast sky conditions. Measurements were made during 102 consecutive days within two different areas in each of 10 different Scots pine stands ranging in age from 7 to 105 years. Mean daily percent PPFD in the understory varied from 7.5% in the 20-year-old stands to 38% in the 7-year-old stands, and did not differ significantly between completely clear and overcast sky conditions. Mean daily percent PPFD did not vary significantly between the different sensor locations within closed pine stands, indicating that at high latitudes mean daily percent PPFD does not vary much spatially under closed Scots pine forests. Measurements of PPFD made at different periods during the day under clear sky conditions, one of the main approaches used in the literature, were not representative of the whole-day conditions. Two different results suggest that PPFD can be better characterized under completely overcast sky conditions. First, the 5-min percent PPFD in the understory was fairly constant between 06:00 and 20:00 for all stand ages under completely overcast sky conditions. Second, there was an almost perfect 1:1 relationship of the mean daily percent PPFD measured at 40 different locations in the 10 stands between clear and overcast sky conditions. These two results suggest that an instantaneous measure of percent PPFD obtained under completely overcast sky conditions is representative of the mean daily percent PPFD for both sky conditions. These results provide the basis for a quick and efficient method of estimating the mean daily percent PPFD in the understory of closed forests.

Growth table for Corsican pine in Flanders (Belgium)

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Very High

After  its introduction at the start of this century, the Corsican pine has become  an important forest tree in Flanders (Belgium). The total area covered by  Corsican pine is about 11.000 ha. Due to climatological factors it is  virtually absent from the Walloon part of Belgium. Despite the crisis in 1984  - 1986, practical experiences with its vitality and disease resistance are  generally positive. Compared to Scots pine which is native to Belgium, its  productivity and insensitivity for insect pests is large.     To quantify the productivity of Corsican pine, a growth table was  constructed using a method developed by PALM and DAGNELIE. It was based on  data from 321 temporarily and 80 permanent plots distributed over Flanders.  Five yield classes were distinguished according to dominant height at 50  years. For each yield class, a series of tables as a function of treatment  was constructed. Treatments were characterized by the mean annual  circumference increment.     These tables allow to predict the growth of Corsican pines. Such  predictions for the whole range of species are necessary for the development  of a good forestry policy and for timber industries. The tables also provide  information for any given Corsican pine stand that is helpful in practice:  expected productivity, stand density, determination of the felling quantum.      The data show that the productivity of Corsican pine is very high. The very  early culmination of the current annual volume increment and the rather  constant level of the mean annual volume increment after culmination are  interesting new findings. It is also shown that it is possible to work with  long rotation periods. This offers good opportunities for the production of  high quality wood and is also important for the social and ecological role of  the forest.     Productivity is lowest on very dry and sandy soils. A high productivity on  moderately dry sand and loamy sand soils and loamy soils make the Corsican  pine one of the most valuable tree species for the Kempen in Flanders.  Although productivity is very high on well drained sandy loam and loam soils,  plantation of Corsican pine on these locations is not advised.

Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Practice ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The  study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy  soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological  conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed  stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field.     The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler  maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the  settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means  that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the  regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration  groups.

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