scholarly journals Managing for Caribou Survival in a Partitioned Habitat

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Forest management guidelines for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Ontario need to be re-examined in light of the finding that caribou partition habitat with moose (Alces alces), partly to find virtual refuges from predation by gray wolves (Canis lupus). Forest-wide guidelines seem inappropriate for a species that is widely scattered and little known. Management should concentrate on and around currently used virtual refuges to ensure their continued habitability. Cutting these areas may force the caribou into places with higher densities of predators; winter use of roads might bring poachers, increased wolf entry, and accidents. A proposal for 100 km2 clear-cuts scheduled over 60+ years across the forest landscape would probably minimize moose/wolf densities in the long run as intended, but because of habitat partitioning might forfeit any benefits to caribou in the short-term. Sharply reducing moose densities near areas where caribou have sought refuge might incline wolves to switch to caribou. Cutting beyond caribou winter refuge areas should aim at maintaining current moose densities to prevent wolves from switching prey species. Operations level manipulation of the forest around each wintering area should provide winter habitat for the future, while treatment replications with controls across the whole forest would provide reliable knowledge about which approaches work best. The remainder of the forest should be managed to maintain suitable densities of all other species.

scholarly journals Experimental log hauling through a traditional caribou wintering area

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold G. Cumming ◽  
Bruce T. Hyer
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wintering Area

A 3-year field experiment (fall 1990-spring 1993) showed that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) altered their dispersion when logs were hauled through their traditional wintering area. Unlike observations in control years 1 and 3, radio-collared caribou that had returned to the study area before the road was plowed on January 6 of the experimental year 2, moved away 8-60 km after logging activities began. Seasonal migration to Lake Nipigon islands usually peaked in April, but by February 22 of year 2, 4 of the 6 had returned. The islands provide summer refuge from predation, but not when the lake is frozen. Tracks in snow showed that some caribou remained but changed locations. They used areas near the road preferentially in year 1, early year 2, and year 3, but moved away 2-5 km after the road was plowed in year 2. In a nearby undisturbed control area, no such changes occurred. Caribou and moose partitioned habitat on a small scale; tracks showed gray wolf (Canis lupus) remote from caribou but close to moose tracks. No predation on caribou was observed within the wintering area; 2 kills were found outside it. Due to the possibility of displacing caribou from winter refugia to places with higher predation risk, log hauling through important caribou winter habitat should be minimized.

Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: conflict perceptions and conservation prospects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARUDUTT MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wild Predators ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.

scholarly journals Habitat partitioning between woodland caribou and moose in Ontario: the potential role of shared prédation risk

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Cumming ◽  
D.B. Beange ◽  
G. Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Direct Competition

This paper explores mechanisms of coexistence for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Akes alces) preyed upon by gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Ontario. Autocorrelation analysis of winter track locations showed habitat partitioning by caribou and moose. Numbers of Delaunay link edges for moose-wolves did not differ significantly from what would be expected by random process, but those for caribou-wolves were significantly fewer. Thus, habitat partitioning provided implicit refuges that put greater distances between caribou and wolves, presumably decreasing predation on the caribou. Yet, direct competition cannot be ruled out; both apparent and direct competition may be involved in real-life situations. A synthesis including both explanations fits ecological theory, as well as current understanding about caribou ecology.

scholarly journals Can woodland caribou and the forest industry coexist: The Ontario scene

Rangifer ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Racey ◽  
K. Abraham ◽  
W. R. Darby ◽  
H. R. Timmermann ◽  
Q. Day
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Management Guidelines

Ontario is in the process of developing a strategy to improve the likelihood of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and the forest industry coexisting in the province. This strategy is described within a set of proposed Timber Management Guidelines for the Provision of Woodland Caribou Habitat. The proposed guidelines advocate managing for large blocks of suitable winter habitat across caribou range, large cutovers to regenerate caribou winter habitat and the protection of traditional calving areas and travel routes. Summer habitat will be provided by the resulting mosaic. The forest industry can provide a sustainable supply of woodland caribou habitat that was traditionally maintained by wildfire.

scholarly journals Cooperative hunting of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) by Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Quebec

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore C. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Cooperative Hunting ◽  
Short Period

Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) are opportunistic predators that feed mainly on ungulates across their range. Incidental to a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) leg banding program in northern Quebec, I observed what appeared to be a predation attempt by three wolves on a flock of 28 Canada Geese at a time when geese were just regaining their flight capability following their annual remige moult (4 August 2003). Although I was able to observe only a short period of this presumed predation attempt, it seemed apparent from the position of the wolves and geese that this was ambushing behaviour described by other authors with other prey species.

scholarly journals Managing fire for woodland caribou in Jasper and Banff National Parks

Rangifer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Shepherd ◽  
Fiona Schmiegelow ◽  
Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Fire Exclusion

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations in Jasper (JNP) and Banff National Parks (BNP) have declined since the 1970s, coincident with reduced fire activity in both parks, relative to historic levels. Some researchers have suggested that long periods without fire may cause habitat deterioration for woodland caribou, primarily by reducing available lichen forage. We examined winter habitat selection by woodland caribou at coarse and fine scales based on GPS-derived telemetry data and used models that included stand origin (decade), topography, and several stand structure variables that are related to time since fire, to explore relationships among caribou, lichen, and fire history. Based on the relationships illustrated by the models, we assessed how fire management could be applied to caribou conservation in JNP and BNP. At a coarse scale, caribou selected old forest (> 75 years) in landscapes that have likely experienced less frequent wildfire. While the abundance of Cladonia spp. influenced caribou use at fine scales, a preference for areas with older trees within stands was also significant. We conclude that short-term habitat protection for woodland caribou in JNP and BNP likely requires fire exclusion from caribou range.

The Sustainable Debts of Philip II

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Long Run

This chapter addresses the sustainability of debt. A systematic analysis based on the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) methodology to evaluate fiscal sustainability shows that Castile was able to service its debts in the long run. While liquidity was scarce during periods of intense warfare, years of relative peace brought large surpluses. The data collected from Castile's annual fiscal accounts produced new yearly series of revenue, military expenditure, short-term debt issues, and short-term debt service. The resulting database spans a full 31-year period—enough to employ modern quantitative techniques. This analysis provides strong evidence that Castile's fiscal position in the second half of the sixteenth century was on a solid footing. The chapter then assesses whether the events that led to major downturns in Castile's financial fortunes could have been anticipated.

Dampak Insentif Pajak Perumahan Terhadap Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Negara Dan Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat : Kasus Provinsi Papua

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Towaf Totok Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
High Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Until now the government and private sector have not been able to address the backlog of 13.5 million housing units for ownership status and 7.6 million units for residential status. The high price of land has led to the high price of the house so that low-income communities (MBR) is not able to reach out to make a home purchase. In addition to the high price of land, tax factors also contribute to the high price of the house. The government plans to issue a policy for the provision of tax incentives, ie abolish VAT on home-forming material transaction. This policy is expected to house prices become cheaper, so the demand for housing increases, and encourage the relevant sectors to intensify its role in the construction of houses. It is expected to replace the lost tax potential and increase incomes. Analysis of the impact of tax incentives housing to potential state revenue and an increase in people's income, especially in Papua province is using the table IO because in addition to looking at the role each sector can also see the impact on taxes (income tax 21 Pph 25 Pph, VAT), and incomes (wage). Although in the short-term impact is still small, but very rewarding in the long run. Keywords: Backlog, Gross Input, Primary Input, Intermediate Input

Literalism and Moral Status

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Chapter 9 presents the idea that Literalism undermines current social and moral boundaries for moral status. Possession of psychological capacities, moral standing, and respectful treatment are a standard package deal. So either many more beings enjoy moral status than we now think, or the relative superiority of human moral status over other beings is diminished. It introduces the role of psychological ascriptions in drawing social and moral boundaries by examining dehumanization and anthropomorphism. It argues that in the short term Literalism does not motivate us to do more than make minor adjustments to current moral boundaries. We can distinguish the kinds of psychological capacities that matter for moral status from the kinds that best divide nature at its joints. In the long run, however, Literalism prompts us to reconsider the anthropocentric standards that govern current moral boundaries.

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