Literalism and Moral Status

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Chapter 9 presents the idea that Literalism undermines current social and moral boundaries for moral status. Possession of psychological capacities, moral standing, and respectful treatment are a standard package deal. So either many more beings enjoy moral status than we now think, or the relative superiority of human moral status over other beings is diminished. It introduces the role of psychological ascriptions in drawing social and moral boundaries by examining dehumanization and anthropomorphism. It argues that in the short term Literalism does not motivate us to do more than make minor adjustments to current moral boundaries. We can distinguish the kinds of psychological capacities that matter for moral status from the kinds that best divide nature at its joints. In the long run, however, Literalism prompts us to reconsider the anthropocentric standards that govern current moral boundaries.

Pieces of Mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Many people accept that chimpanzees, dolphins, and some other animals can think and feel. But these cases are just the tip of a growing iceberg. If biologists are right, fruit flies and plants make decisions, worms and honeybees can be trained, bacteria communicate linguistically, and neurons have preferences. Just how far does cognition go? This book is the first to critically consider this question from the perspective of the entire range of new ascriptions of psychological capacities throughout biology. It is also the first to consider the role of mathematical models and other quantitative forms of evidence in prompting and supporting the new ascriptions. It defends a default literal interpretation of psychological terms across biological domains. It also considers the implications of the literal view for efforts to explain the mind’s place in nature and for traditional ways of distinguishing the superior moral status of humans relative to other living beings.

scholarly journals Shades between Black and Green Investment: Balance or Imbalance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5024
Author(s):  
 Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel ◽  
María Mar Miralles-Quirós ◽  
José Luis Miralles-Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Bounds Test

This paper analyses the links established between environmental indices and the oil price adopting a double perspective, long-term and short-term relationships. For that purpose, we employ the Bounds Test and bivariate conditional heteroscedasticity models. In the long run, the pattern of behaviour of environmental indices clearly differed from that of the oil prices, and it was not possible to identify cointegrating vectors. In the short-term, it was possible to conclude that, in contemporaneous terms, the variables studied tended to follow similar paths. When the lag of the oil price variable was considered, the impacts produced on the stock market sectors were partially of a negative nature, which allows us to suppose that this variable plays the role of a risk factor for environmental investment.

scholarly journals Footprint of Personality Characteristics on Financing Objectives: The Arbitrating capacity of Risk Attitude and the Moderating capacity of Investment Savvy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Javed Hussain ◽  
Tariq Mehmood Dar ◽  
Neelofer Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The following study clarifies the role of risk attitude in revolving the relationship between Financing Objectives and personality characteristics and the moderating role of investment savvy between risk attitude and financing objectives by the particular sample size of 200 students. The participants of the study belonged from finance background. To simplify the collected data, the regression analyses was utilized in a flow to implicate the effect upon the dependent variables of the independent variables. To get more enhanced results, the mediator and the moderator were uplifted. Hence by, the results revealed that individuals who are activity, determined, and sympathy towards others are more willing to opt for STFO (short term financing objectives). Whilst, in long run extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness, and conscientiousness traits are more inclined towards LTFO (long term financing objectives). Moreover, the study further mentions that STFO and LTFO are not much affected by investment savvy of an individuals. Nonetheless, the investment savvy is not really bothered by the relationship of financing objectives and risk attitude.

THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN A RISK-BASED BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
S. K. MANUCHARYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
To Come

The modern information environment, in which situations of uncertainty and risk begin to prevail every year, puts company managers in very specific conditions: they need not only to make competent management decisions based on reliable data, but also to be able to predict the possible outcome of a particular decision as in the short-term and in the long run. In such circumstances, the practice of using risk management as an irreplaceable assistant in the management accounting system of an enterprise begins to come to the fore. This article discusses the need to apply risk assessment in company management, the causes of risk, as well as various levels and groups of risks. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that the issues of further convergence of management accounting and risk management have not been sufficiently studied and require further analysis, taking into account the widespread digitalization.

Product Innovation and Firm Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the impact of product innovation on firm performance, encompassing both economic and managerial literatures. It is found that product innovation has positive and significant short-term and long-run effects on firm profitability, which, however, vary across industries. The role of complementarities in improving firms’ performance is also stressed. The analysis of the impact of R&D and patents (to which product innovation is closely related) on firm market value indicates an impact from 2.5 per cent to 8 per cent. The impact of product innovation on productivity is indicated by the estimate that the responsiveness of a firm’s productivity to its share of innovative sales ranges from 0.04 to 0.29. How much and with what success firms compete in foreign markets is also found to be positively related to product innovation. Positive and significant impacts on the companies’ market value from information concerning its new products are also found.

The Fossil Record of Predator-Prey Arms Races: Coevolution and Escalation Hypotheses

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Dietl ◽  
Patricia H. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
History Of

Arms races between predators and prey may be driven by two related processes—escalation and coevolution. Escalation is enemy-driven evolution. In this top-down view of an arms race, the role of prey (with the exception of dangerous prey) is downplayed. In coevolution, two or more species change reciprocally in response to one another; prey are thought to drive the evolution of their predator, and vice versa. In the fossil record, the two processes are most reliably distinguished when the predator-prey system is viewed within the context of the other species that may influence the interaction, thus allowing for a relative ranking of the importance of selective agents. Detailed documentation of the natural history of living predator-prey systems is recommended in order to distinguish the processes in some fossil systems. A geographic view of species interactions and the processes driving their evolution may lead to a more diverse array of testable hypotheses on how predator-prey systems evolve and what constraints interactions impose on the evolution of organisms. Scale is important in evaluating the role of escalation and coevolution in the evolution of species interactions. If short-term reciprocal adaptation (via phenotypic plasticity or selection mosaics among populations) between predator and prey is a common process, then prey are likely to exert some selective pressure over their predators over the short term (on ecological time scales), but in the long run predators may still exert primary “top-down” control in directing evolution. On the scale of evolutionary time, predators of large effect likely control the overall directionality of evolution due to the inequalities of predator and prey in control of resources.

scholarly journals The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to Analyze Soybean Prices in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahjus Ekananda ◽  
T. Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Soybean Price ◽  
Lag Model

The main objective of this study was to observe factors that affecting domestic soybean prices, including government intervention through BULOG. By using Bound Testing Cointegration method with ARDL approach. In the short term the world soybean price variables in the t-period and exchange rate affect the domestic soybean prices positively and significantly. The variable volume of soybean imports, GDP, and the role of BULOG as sole importer in the t-period does not affect the domestic soybean price significantly. In the long run, the t-period import tariff has a negative and significant effect.

The role of the AFA coefficient as a new criterion in the long-run liaison between corporate liquidity and bank credit

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-291
Author(s):  
Ali Faruk Acikgoz ◽  
Sudi Apak ◽  
Nicholas Apergis ◽  
Sadi Uzunoglu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Corporate Liabilities ◽  
New Criterion

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the absence of a direct criterion for the ideal level of net working capital (NWC) for which Acikgoz (2014) theoretically demonstrates that this NWC can be treated in a manner that allows the assessment of repayments. The study presents and discusses a new multiplier (i.e. the afa coefficient), defined as the ratio of cash equivalents ratio to NWC, measured as the percentage of short-term liabilities (Acikgoz, 2014). In other words, the study explores whether NWC could be an indicator of the ratios of corporate short-term bank credit to STL and of bank credit to total assets. Design/methodology/approach Sectoral panel regressions are used in the case of Turkey, spanning the period 1996-2013, on data obtained from the Central Bank of Turkey. Through second-generation panel unit root tests for cross-section dependence and panel cointegration methodologies, the results illustrate the statistical significance of the CD statistics, indicating the presence of cross dependence, the presence of non-stationary variables and the presence of a long-run association for the variables under study. Findings The findings document that a transformed variable of NWC is more substantive than the explicatory quality of the current ratio and may potentially be used in the prediction of bank credit in corporate liabilities. Originality/value The afa coefficient shows the ratio of liquid assets to NWC as a percentage of STL. The results illustrate that this coefficient plays a significant role for corporate bank credit usage in the case of the Turkish sectoral analysis.

The Role of the Human Capital in the Corruption-Economic Growth Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Terzi Chokri ◽  
El Ammari Anis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Outstanding Result

This article examines the corruption effects on economic growth in Tunisia during the period 1987 to 2016. The model used in this study is an extension of Solow's model by defining corruption in the field of technical progress. In order to delineate the role of the human capital in corruption, the study sets out to estimate the model firstly in the absence and in the presence of human capital. One outstanding result of VECM estimations is that, in the long run, the human capital plays a key role in the increase of the effect of the total corruption and the decrease in the effect of the growth of the population without effecting a change in the physical capital. In the short term, human capital allows to transform the negative effect of the delayed variable output into a positive one. It also increased the effect of total corruption and made the effect of physical capital positive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Decision Effectiveness Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Viktor Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Right

Abstract In this paper, the results of my research are presented that was carried out on a large sample to investigate how people look back at their previous business decisions. After a short literature overview, considering the role of time, the paper deals with the primary research: how people judge their decisions in the short term and in the long run, that is, how confident they are that the right one was chosen applying the available knowledge of facts and conditions connected with or relevant to their situation. Using statistical methods, comparisons were made, for example, based on the respondents’ gender, so it turns out whether gender has an influence on self-confidence or on exactness of judgement. Does the position, that is, the rank matter? Can it be assumed that the farther one gets up the corporate ladder, the more certainty can be observed about their decisions? And what about educational level? Does it influence judgement in a decision? Those who do not regret their decisions after a while, that is, after the original decisions were made, while being in possession of the information available later, can be more successful in business because they made the best decision. Trying to identify such characteristics or factors can be an advantage in the business life.

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