scholarly journals Chapter 2. The historical geography of an archipelago of polar explorers

2015 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Soviet Communism

An outline of the rationale for a workshop, held in Oslo, Norway, from 12-13 May 2015, to discuss the historic place names of the High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land. The islands contain hundreds of place names that amount to a virtual catalog of polar exploration and explorers of the mid- to late-19th Century. As an example, three American expeditions spent seven years there between 1898-1905, in failed attempts to try to reach the geographic North Pole. However, in the process, they left behind a record of the American Gilded Age that survived even 70 years of Soviet Communism.

scholarly journals Chapter 1. Remarks on the opening of the historic place names of Franz Josef Land workshop, Oslo, Norway, 12-13 May 2015

2015 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Susan Barr
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
State University ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
National Science ◽  
Penn State ◽  
The U.S

Remarks at the opening of a workshop, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, and held in Oslo, Norway, from 12-13 May 2015, to discuss the historic place names of the High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land. The visiting students from Penn State University, none of whom had ever before been to Europe, were anxious to hear how Dr. Barr, a native of the United Kingdom, had come to Norway and made a life for herself in a different country with a different language, as a female in a then-largely male universe of polar research, and, in a nation of hunters, as a vegetarian.

Between Fixity and Motion: Accumulation, Territorial Organization and the Historical Geography of Spatial Scales

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Brenner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Territorial States

During the last decade, discussions of geographical scale and its social production have proliferated. Building upon this literature, in particular the writings of Lefebvre and Harvey, I investigate the implications of the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital—between capital's necessary dependence on territory or place and its space-annihilating tendencies—for the production of spatial scale under capitalism. I elaborate the notion of a ‘scalar fix’ to theorize the multiscalar configurations of territorial organization within, upon, and through which each round of capital circulation is successively territorialized, deterritorialized, and reterritorialized. These multiscalar configurations of territorial organization position geographical scales within determinate, hierarchical patterns of interdependence and thereby constitute a relatively fixed and immobile geographical infrastructure for each round of capital circulation. Drawing upon Lefebvre's neglected work De l'État, I argue that the scalar structures both of cities and of territorial states have been molded ever more directly by the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital since the late 19th century, when a ‘second nature’ of socially produced sociospatial configurations was consolidated on a world scale. On this basis a schematic historical geography of scalar fixes since the late 19th century is elaborated that highlights the key role of the territorial state at once as a form of territorialization for capital and as an institutional mediator of uneven geographical development on differential, overlapping spatial scales. From this perspective, the current round of globalization can be interpreted as a multidimensional process of re-scaling in which both cities and states are being reterritorialized in the conflictual search for ‘glocal’ scalar fixes.

scholarly journals Chapter 3. The place names of Franz Josef Land: framing the problem

2015 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Magnus Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Arctic

A brief introduction to the geographic place names of Franz Josef Land. Franz Josef Land is located in the western Arctic though for much of the 20th Century it was closed behind the Iron Curtain. Prior to that, there were a series of Western expeditions between the ‘official’ discovery in 1873 and the departure of the American Fiala group in 1905. From these expeditions, the islands are heavily connected to the history of the search for the North Pole.

The Logic of Skull Writing

Nuncius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-753
Author(s):  
Ricardo Roque
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Graphic Form ◽  
Race Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
A Site ◽  
Race And Place ◽  
History Of Race

Abstract In this essay I discuss the significance of theories and classifications that appear in the material and graphic form of race and place name inscriptions on human skulls. I argue that human skulls themselves provided a site for the inscription of raciological thought, a privileged location for abbreviating broader conceptions of differences and distributions of ‘human races’. I will draw on the history of race science in 19th-century Europe to explore how and why certain race and place names were inscribed onto skulls, and the effect of this form of inscription on the shaping of theories in the racial sciences during this period. The article especially considers the work of the French anthropologists Armand de Quatrefages and Ernest-Théodore Hamy, who systematically wrote inscriptions on the skulls they were studying in the context of Crania Ethnica, arguably the most ambitious project of global racial craniology undertaken in the late 19th century.

“Beyond Description”

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
W. Anthony Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
American Music ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
Japanese Music ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Chapter one places music in the context of late 19th-century Euro-American japonisme. The focus is on American perceptions of and reactions to Japanese music encountered in Japan in the second half of the 19th century. Sources include published and unpublished correspondence and diaries of Americans (from Salem sailors to scholars to Gilded Age socialites) who traveled to Japan as well as travel books, scholarly journals, newspapers, and novels set in Japan. The chapter presents the earliest songs, musicals, and plays representing Japan and Japanese music to the American public. Bostonian Japanophiles are central as are American music educators who worked in Japan. The context in which Japanese music was first heard in the U.S., particularly at World Expositions, is explored. These early and primarily negative reports indirectly reveal contemporaneous American musical values and unintentionally marked Japanese music as an ideal model for later modernist composers.

Bouwlandschappen

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Erik Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Rear Window ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Content Type

Abstract Building landscapes A drawing by artist Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht (1858-1933) can be understood as a view of the f irst buildings along Amsterdam’s Van Eeghenstraat, as seen from his rear window. The late 19th-century method of raising polder meadows for urban expansion is also clearly visible on a hitherto mislocated drawing by Gerrit Haverkamp (1872-1926) of a building site in Amsterdam Oud-West. The chronological development of raising building sites can still be acknowledged from height differences in Amsterdams urban fabric. Building landscapes are rather underexposed in Dutch historical geography as a seemingly temporary situation. However, they are an intrinsic and sometimes longer-lasting part of the landscape’s biography and deserve more attention than they have received until now.

scholarly journals Chapter 8. The politics of place names: a summation

2015 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Urban Wråkberg
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Politics Of Place ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
National Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

Remarks at the conclusion of a workshop, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, and held in Oslo, Norway, from 12-13 May 2015, to discuss the historic place names of the High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land.  Discussed are new approaches to toponymic research suggested at the workshop, as well as perspective based in the author’s research on the toponymic history of Kong Karls Land in Svalbard.

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