scholarly journals Chapter 3. The place names of Franz Josef Land: framing the problem

2015 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Magnus Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Arctic

A brief introduction to the geographic place names of Franz Josef Land. Franz Josef Land is located in the western Arctic though for much of the 20th Century it was closed behind the Iron Curtain. Prior to that, there were a series of Western expeditions between the ‘official’ discovery in 1873 and the departure of the American Fiala group in 1905. From these expeditions, the islands are heavily connected to the history of the search for the North Pole.

Marine Navigation in the Canadian Arctic

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
J. H. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
British Government ◽  
Short Route ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marine Navigation

The history of marine navigation in the area to the north of Hudson Straits and west of Greenland dates back to Martin Frobisher in 1567, John Davis in 1585 (who reached N. 72° 15′), and William Baffin, who got as far as Smith Sound (N. 77° 45′) in 1616. All of them were searching for a short route to the East. There was little exploration in the area for the next two-hundred years, until, in 1818, the British Government recommended explorations for the Northwest Passage: This activity continued throughout the Franklin era up to 1875, when Captain George Nares proceeded to N. 82° 25′ on the northern end of Ellesmere Island. After this, the role of exploration gradually passed to American hands, largely culminating in 1909 with Robert E. Peary's attainment of the North Pole.

The ‘American supply trail’: archaeological notes on the remains of the Ziegler polar expedition in Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, 1903–1905

Polar Record ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Dartmouth College ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTBetween 1898 and 1905, three American expeditions attempted to reach the geographical North Pole from the archipelago of Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land] and each went to extraordinary and expensive lengths to stage their work. The third of these, the Ziegler polar expedition (1903–1905), led by Anthony Fiala and funded by the American baking soda tycoon William Ziegler, set up numerous camps and caches of supplies along its various expedition routes through the islands. The papers of Anton Vedoe and Ernest Leffingwell at the Rauner Special Collections Library at Dartmouth College reveal both the locations and contents of the caches Fiala ordered to be established in spring 1905, as he made his second and final attempt to reach the pole. These caches extend from the expedition base camp (Camp Abruzzi) at Bukhta Teplitsa [Teplitz Bay] on Ostrov Rudol'fa [Rudolf Island] to the main base of the preceding 1901–1902 Baldwin-Ziegler expedition (Camp Ziegler) on Ostrov Aldzher [Alger Island]. Little is known of the condition of these sites, especially the main cache site of Kane Lodge on Ostrov Grili [Greely Island]. As such, they hold the potential to provide new sources of archaeological data to study American polar ambitions at the turn of the 20th century. While these sites remain unexplored, increasing tourism in the islands necessitates informed planning and field research to establish the nature and stability of these remains so that they may be preserved and the potential effects of tourism mitigated.

Legacies of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition, 1894–1897

Polar Record ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Savitt ◽  
Cornelia Lüdecke
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Managerial Experience

Frederick George Jackson, the leader of the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition of 1894–1897, accomplished a great deal during his exploration of Franz Josef Land [Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa] although his achievements have never been fully acknowledged. Jackson's expedition itself has often been eclipsed by his famous meeting in 1896 with Fridtjof Nansen, absent for 3 years in the Arctic and it has been unfairly coloured by the view that Jackson was no more than an adventurer and sportsman. The research reported in this article evaluates Jackson's plan and management activities. The study developed a set of factors to evaluate his performance arising from a variety of expeditions contemporary with Jackson's. His strong personality and limited personnel managerial experience limited the full extent of what he might have achieved. Yet, Jackson developed a strong exploration model that was based on comprehensive planning, a significant concern for the health and welfare of his companions, the willingness to innovate in a number of activities including sledging, and a commitment to scientific discovery. Although the expedition did not find a route to the North Pole, Jackson confirmed that Franz Josef Land was an archipelago and he gave credence to the consumption of fresh meat as a means of preventing scurvy. One of Jackson's legacies to subsequent explorers was the use of ponies for haulage. He was unable to appreciate the weaknesses in their use and his influence on subsequent Antarctic expeditions often led to undesirable results. But, overall, Jackson was an innovator in a conservative exploration community.

One man's trash: the recovery of Frederick A. Cook's original telegram drafts announcing his attainmentof the North Pole

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Robert M. Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTOn 1 September 1909, Dr Frederick A. Cook landed at Lerwick in the Shetland Islands and cabled the unexpected news that he had reached the North Pole on 21 April of the previous year. This article recounts the equally unexpected recovery of the original telegram drafts Cook wrote for the cables sent from Lerwick. It discusses new details they add to the historical record and confirms others that previously had no confirmation. It also verifies the authenticity of the drafts, and, based on the physical condition of the recovered documents and documentary clues, it traces what can be known of the history of these documents between the time Cook wrote them and their publication a century later, proposing how they might have been originally saved from destruction in 1909.

Cartography of the Undersea Arctic Region

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Kerr ◽  
W. Kirk MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
International Colloquium ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration

This paper, with Dr Lyon's was presented in Paris in November 1983 at an international colloquium organized by the Centre d'Etudes Arctiques of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, by whose kind permission they are here reproduced. The theme of the conference, at which some 35 papers were presented, was the Conquest of the North Pole; the subjects covered included both the history of Arctic exploration and contemporary problems and the future of polar transport, sea and air. Mr Kerr is Director of the Canadian Hydrographic Service's Atlantic Region; both he and his co-author are at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth.

A preliminary archaeological survey of a Tupolev TB-3 (ANT-6) aircraft on Ostrov Rudol'fa, Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, Russia

Polar Record ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land

The partially snow-covered wreck of specially-modified Arctic variant of the Tupolev TB-3 four-engine bomber was located at Buhkta Teplits [Teplits Bay], Ostrov Rudol'fa [Rudolf Island] in Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land]. From data gathered, the wreck was subsequently identified as TB-3 (ANT-6) No. 210. This aircraft was piloted by Boris Chukhnovsky during a failed search for another TB-3 (ANT-6), No. 209, which had been lost in August 1937 during an attempt to fly from Moscow over the north pole to the United States. The Teplits TB-3 (ANT-6) wreck represents both the primary aeronautical archaeology of the triumphs and disasters of the Soviet Union's air expeditions to the pole in 1937–1938 and, at 81°47.5'N, is the northernmost aircraft wreck yet identified.

scholarly journals From pest to pet. Liminality, domestication and animal agency in the killing of rats and cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-25
Author(s):  
Nora Schuurman ◽  
Karin Dirke
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
The North ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Agency

The ways in which the end of life of an animal is understood and undertaken depend on the category of the animal and its position in relation to humans. In this paper, we explore how transformations in human–animal relationality, including practices and cultural conceptions about animals become apparent in the norms and practices regarding the killing of animals. We focus here on rats and cats, species whose position in society has always been liminal, especially between the category of pet and that of pest but also between wild and domesticated. Rats and cats have co-existed with each other and with humans since a very long time and the three species have co-evolved in a constant dance of mutual interests and conflicts. The shared history of this multispecies network reflects in many ways how humans have related to animals in different historical and spatial contexts and how these relations have transformed. By discussing the entanglement of rats, cats and humans in the close connection between caring and killing we wish to highlight the ways in which human–animal relations are manifested in the North of Europe during the 20th century. The specific context of the study is Sweden and Finland, countries that share similar history and cultural characteristics. In our analysis we draw from various data collected in both countries, including written narratives from an nationwide writing collection and historic documents such as the journals of animal welfare societies and documents concerning the extermination of rats.

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